اولویت‌بندی شاخص‌های مرتبط با ترجیحات مسکونی افراد در سه مقیاس واحد مسکونی، آپارتمان و محله، مورد مطالعاتی: مقایسه دیدگاه ساکنین سه شهر مشهد، نیشابور و تربت‌جام

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار معماری، دانشکده فنی و مهندسی، دانشگاه یاسوج، یاسوج، ایران.

2 استادیار معماری، دانشکده معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه هنر اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران.

3 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد معماری، دانشکده معماری، دانشگاه پیام‌نور واحد بین‌الملل عسلویه، عسلویه، ایران.

4 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد معماری، دانشکده هنر و معماری، دانشگاه پیام نور واحد بندرعباس، بندرعباس، ایران.

چکیده

افراد همواره در طول دوران زندگی خود، بارها با مقوله انتخاب خانه و مکانی برای سکونت مواجه می‌شوند. عوامل و شاخص‌های متعددی بر این انتخاب تأثیرگذار هستند که بعضی از آن‌ها عواملی بازدارنده و بعضی دیگر عواملی برانگیزنده هستند و افراد در فرآیند انتخاب خود ملزم به برقراری تعادل میان این شاخص‌ها می‌باشند. بر این اساس پژوهش حاضر قصد آن دارد که موضوع ترجیحات مسکونی را در ارتباط با سه مقیاس واحد مسکونی، ساختمان مسکونی و محله مورد سنجش قرار دهد و اولویت‌های مختلفی که افراد در ارتباط با هرکدام از این شاخص‌ها در ذهن دارند را مورد تحلیل قرار دهد. پیمایش مذکور در سه شهر مشهد، نیشابور و تربت‌جام انجام گرفت و در هر شهر 350 نفر از مستاجرین به‌عنوان جامعه آماری انتخاب شدند. گردآوری داده‌ها از طریق پرسشنامه بسته و نیز مصاحبه انجام گرفت و در تحلیل داده‌ها از آزمون تحلیل واریانس F و نیز تحلیل سلسله مراتبی AHP استفاده شد. نتایج پژوهش نشان داد که معیارهای مرتبط با انتخاب واحد مسکونی و محله برای ساکنین سه شهر مورد بررسی دارای تفاوت‌های معنی‌داری است. افراد در انتخاب محل زندگی خود ابتدا به انتخاب محله و سپس به انتخاب واحد مسکونی و در نهایت به ویژگی‌های ساختمان مسکونی توجه نشان می‌دهند. همچنین در انتخاب واحد مسکونی، هرچه مقیاس شهری کوچک‌تر می‌شود، تمایل به انتخاب خانه با ابعاد فضایی بزرگ‌تر و نیز تعداد اتاق‌های بیشتر، افزایش می‌یابد. در انتخاب محله نیز در شهرهای بزرگ، توجه به دسترسی به شبکه حمل‌ونقل عمومی و نیز دسترسی به خدمات شهری در بالاترین اولویت‌ها قرار دارد؛ این در حالی است که برای ساکنین شهرهای کوچک‌تر، بافت اجتماعی محله و نیز شناخت ساکنین آن در اولویت‌های بالاتر قرار دارد.  

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Prioritization Indices Related to Residential Preferences of People in Three Scales of House, Apartments and Neighborhoods, Case Study: Views of Residents in Three Cities of Mashhad, Neyshabour and Torbat-e Jam

نویسندگان [English]

  • Ali Akbar Heidari 1
  • Mehdi Sadvandi 2
  • Elham Damshenas 3
  • Elahe Damshenas 4
1 Associate Professor of Architecture, Faculty of Technical and Enginearing, Yasouj University, Yasouj, Iran.
2 Associate Professor of Architecture, Faculty of Architecture & Urban Design, Art University of Esfahan, Esfahan, Iran.
3 M.A. of Architecture, Faculty of Architecture, International Payam Noor University of Asalooye, Asalooye, Iran.
4 M.A. of Architecture, Faculty of Art and Architecture, Payam Noor University of Bandarabbas, Bandarabbas, Iran.
چکیده [English]

People have always been faced with the choice of house and place of residence during their lifetime. Several factors and indicators are effective on this selection. Some of them are deterrent factors and some are other triggers. Individuals in their selection process are required to balance these indices. Accordingly, the aim of this study is to measure the issue of residential preferences in relation to three apartment, buildings and neighborhoods, and analyze the different priorities that individuals have in mind with regard to each of these indicators. Therefore, the three dimensions, including apartment, buildings and neighborhoods in which the individuals live, is defined as the spatial domain of the research. It should be noted that the meaning of the apartment is the interior of the house; the buildings consists of a multi floor building with several residential units; and, in the final, the neighborhood consists of several rooms with a partition. The city service is surrounded by a network of passages with a population of up to 3,000. In this study, in order to generalize the results as well as accuracy of the findings, three cities of Mashhad as a metropolis with a very large spatial scale, Neyshabour as a medium-sized city, and finally Torbat-e Jam as a small-scale town Selected as case samples. The statistical population of the study included 350 inhabitants of each of these cities. In total, the final sample size is 1050. These samples were selected from tenants who were in a moderate and downward position in terms of income level. Also, the reason for choosing tenants as the target community in this study is the annual exposure of these individuals to the issue of housing displacement and selection. The selection of these individuals was based on their monthly income record in the relevant questionnaire. Sampling was done by cluster and random method and information was collected from different parts of these three cities.
The data were collected through a closed questionnaire and interviews. Then, data were analyzed by ANOVA and also by Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). The results of the research showed that, in general, regardless of who the people are on and on what scale, their first priority in choosing their place of residence is the choice of the neighborhood. After that, the choice of housing unit and its related indicators are the second priority of individuals. And finally, the choice of apartments is in the third priority of the people. It seems that the reason for this is largely influenced by the nature of the sub-indexes associated with each of the aforementioned scales. In comparing the preferences of people in three cities with different scales, research findings showed that in small towns, peopledesire to choose residential units with larger spatial dimensions with more rooms. Meanwhile, in larger cities, indicators such as rental prices and equipment used are considered to be among the top priorities for selecting residential units. It seems that the reason for this discrepancy is the difference in land value and housing prices in these cities. This means that in big cities, due to the high cost of housing as well as other living expenses, people with a certain income level (tenants including middle-class people) are forced to choose smaller houses. In contrast, in smaller cities, because of a decline in land value and rentals, people have the power to choose larger apartments. In connection with the building, the results of the research showed that residents in all three cities had almost identical views, and almost the first priority of the people in choosing the desired building was the availability of facilities and equipment. In relation to the scale of the neighborhood, research data showed that for people living in large cities, indicators such as access to urban transportation networks, access to centers and service facilities are prioritized; Meanwhile, in smaller cities, people’s tendency to social dimensions of the neighborhood, including recognition of the neighborhood and its inhabitants, as well as security in that neighborhood increases. The reason for this can be sought in the cultural and social dimensions of the lives of people in different cities. This means that people living in smaller cities are more likely to communicate with their neighbors. Therefore, they prefer to choose neighborhoods as living places that they are familiar with or have cognition relative to those living in it. Meanwhile, due to the urbanization of cities in large cities, increase of population, and long distance between the workplaces and houses, the level of social interaction in the area around the house, especially socializing with neighbors, is at the lowest possible level. Therefore, this component has the lowest priority in choosing their place of residence.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Home Preferences
  • Home
  • Apartments
  • Neighborhoods
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