@article { author = {Islami, S. Yahya}, title = {Veiling Architecture Privacy in Loos and Le Corbusier}, journal = {Armanshahr Architecture & Urban Development}, volume = {5}, number = {8}, pages = {1-10}, year = {2012}, publisher = {Dr. Mostafa Behzadfar}, issn = {2008-5079}, eissn = {2538-2365}, doi = {}, abstract = {The following attempts to discuss the different approaches to privacy adopted by Adolf Loos and Le Corbusier, as two of the most influential pioneers of modern architecture. It will be argued that both architects were influenced by the developing technologies of their time, yet they reacted differently to the increasing influence of film and photography on art, architecture and everyday life. The paper structures its argument in two parts: the first part discusses Walter Benjamin’s theories on the difference between traditional art and modern art and how advances in technology undermined the aura of a work of art and made it more accessible to the masses. In the second part of this paper, Loos and Le Corbusier’s different architectural strategies are analysed and compared. It will be argued that Loos’s approach to the distinctions between publicity and privacy and masculine and feminine aspects of architecture, differs fundamentally from those views held by Le Corbusier, who was much more in favour of the modern technological advances. It will be further elaborated that Loos’s architecture displays a translucent philosophy, maintaining the interaction and seduction between the two sides of the architectural surface. Le Corbusier on the other hand, fluctuates between a reflective philosophy and transparent philosophy of the gaze, imploding the traditional distinctions between inside and outside, private and public.}, keywords = {Gaze,veil,Aura,Transparency,Modernity}, title_fa = {Veiling Architecture Privacy in Loos and Le Corbusier}, abstract_fa = {}, keywords_fa = {Gaze,veil,Aura,Transparency,Modernity}, url = {https://www.armanshahrjournal.com/article_32692.html}, eprint = {https://www.armanshahrjournal.com/article_32692_8eb2b95016a2015d50ebbad6ce5e9e63.pdf} } @article { author = {Mahdavinejad, Mohammadjavad and Matoor, Soha and Fayaz, Rima}, title = {Vertical Illuminance Measurement for Clear Skies in Tehran}, journal = {Armanshahr Architecture & Urban Development}, volume = {5}, number = {8}, pages = {11-20}, year = {2012}, publisher = {Dr. Mostafa Behzadfar}, issn = {2008-5079}, eissn = {2538-2365}, doi = {}, abstract = {To effectively design daylight in buildings, daylight availability data are necessary. Although there is a great potential for daylight energy in Iran, its use has been hampered by the absence of measured data. In this paper the illuminance data on the vertical south facing surfaces of Tehran were estimated using the IESNA model. For this propose an illuminance measuring set was used in order to measure the vertical illuminance for standard times over 17 days at one minute intervals from 9 a.m. to 4 p.m. Then, the measured data were compared with the IESNA model calculated data. A regression model between measured and calculated data was developed, which showed an acceptable linear correlation (r2=0.9535). Also mean hourly and monthly vertical illuminance was obtained from the new equation between measured and calculated data for a whole working year. To estimate daylight availability, Iso- Klx lines for working hours and frequency curves for vertical illuminance on south facing surfaces were produced.}, keywords = {Daylight Availability,Vertical Iilluminance,Tehran}, title_fa = {Vertical Illuminance Measurement for Clear Skies in Tehran}, abstract_fa = {}, keywords_fa = {Daylight Availability,Vertical Iilluminance,Tehran}, url = {https://www.armanshahrjournal.com/article_32693.html}, eprint = {https://www.armanshahrjournal.com/article_32693_0020619b051d12b95d542337723f036a.pdf} } @article { author = {Shirazi, Mohammadreza}, title = {An Investigation on Tadao Ando’s Phenomenological Reflections}, journal = {Armanshahr Architecture & Urban Development}, volume = {5}, number = {8}, pages = {21-32}, year = {2012}, publisher = {Dr. Mostafa Behzadfar}, issn = {2008-5079}, eissn = {2538-2365}, doi = {}, abstract = {Although Tadao Ando never refers to phenomenology explicitly, concentrating on his numerous texts and writings reveals that his way of thinking on architecture implies some essential themes and concerns, which are fundamentally related to the “phenomenological discourse” in both philosophy and architecture. Concepts and ideas such as union of subject and object, space, body and movement, memory, corporeality, multi-sensory perception, etc. are all essential themes in Ando’s reflection on architecture, which point to the common concerns in phenomenological discourse of architecture. This essay first discovers Ando’s basic phenomenological concerns based on a thematic analysis of his writings and words through which his central phenomenological concerns and their similarities and differences with the ideas and thoughts of other phenomenologists such as Husserl, Heidegger, Merleau-Ponty, Norberg-Schultz, Pallasmaa, and Frampton are discovered. At the end, it is concluded that existing phenomenological reflections in Ando’s architectural thought and work are not the result of his systematic investigation and reading of theoretical texts about the philosophy of phenomenology, but rather they are more rooted in his personal state of mind, his way of learning and understanding architecture, his cultural background and attention to the Eastern-Japanese way of thinking, and to some extent studying the works of some architectural theoreticians like Norberg-Schulz and Frampton.}, keywords = {Phenomenology,Architectural Phenomenology,Tadao Ando,Body,Place}, title_fa = {An Investigation on Tadao Ando’s Phenomenological Reflections}, abstract_fa = {}, keywords_fa = {Phenomenology,Architectural Phenomenology,Tadao Ando,Body,Place}, url = {https://www.armanshahrjournal.com/article_32694.html}, eprint = {https://www.armanshahrjournal.com/article_32694_4b9dfa61cffa567582d000dc8bbfd09e.pdf} } @article { author = {Tehrani, Farhad and Yari, Fahime and Shamshirband, Mostafa and Tavakoli, Alireza}, title = {The Technology of Qomi-poosh Vaults in Iranian Traditional Architecture}, journal = {Armanshahr Architecture & Urban Development}, volume = {5}, number = {8}, pages = {33-42}, year = {2012}, publisher = {Dr. Mostafa Behzadfar}, issn = {2008-5079}, eissn = {2538-2365}, doi = {}, abstract = {Arches and vaults are of the most important parts of traditional buildings of Iranian architecture. In the traditional architecture of Iran, before oil was discovered, fuel (such as wood) was one of the high-ranking issues. Therefore, Iranian traditional architects did their best to reduce the use of wood. There was however, a revival of the use of brick in construction. Qomi-poosh technology is one of the most impressive and admirable achievements of traditional architecture of Iran, which was invented by Ostad Hassan Qomi. This paper aims to study Qomi-poosh vaults and its execution techniques. Our investigation shows that Qomi-poosh technology could span nearly 6 metres with only 5 cm thickness (the width of a brick), which is equal to one a hundred and twentieth.}, keywords = {Qomi-poosh Technology,Traditional Architecture of Iran,Indigenous Construction Technologies,Brick}, title_fa = {The Technology of Qomi-poosh Vaults in Iranian Traditional Architecture}, abstract_fa = {}, keywords_fa = {Qomi-poosh Technology,Traditional Architecture of Iran,Indigenous Construction Technologies,Brick}, url = {https://www.armanshahrjournal.com/article_32695.html}, eprint = {https://www.armanshahrjournal.com/article_32695_24da64cd0c99159803ded610d8fbfaad.pdf} } @article { author = {Bahrainy, Hossein and Azizkhani, Mehdi}, title = {Institutional Barriers to the Application of Urban Village as a Tool for Achieving Urban Sustainability in Developing Countries - the Case of Asheghabaad, Isfahan, Iran.}, journal = {Armanshahr Architecture & Urban Development}, volume = {5}, number = {8}, pages = {43-58}, year = {2012}, publisher = {Dr. Mostafa Behzadfar}, issn = {2008-5079}, eissn = {2538-2365}, doi = {}, abstract = {A number of new concepts have emerged in the last two decades whose proponents claim that if achieved, they would deliver more sustainable urban environments. Among them, New Urbanism and Urban Village are the ones with the most theoretical support and practical application. Both ideas, however, have been criticized in several grounds. But no study has been carried out to show the effectiveness of these new ideas in the badly needed contexts of developing countries. In this research, an experimental urban design study was carried out in a settlement in the peri-urban area of the city of Isfahan (Iran) to investigate the possibility of the application of the Urban Village idea as a strategy to achieve sustainability. The study revealed that significant deep-rooted institutional barriers in developing countries, particularly in a rural setting, stand against any progress in this regard. It is, however, suggested that the concept could still be useful, not as an urban design product, but as a process to help prepare the context for necessary change.}, keywords = {Urban Design,Urban Village,sustainable development,Asheghabaad (Isfahan),Institutional Barriers,institutional change,Implementation}, title_fa = {Institutional Barriers to the Application of Urban Village as a Tool for Achieving Urban Sustainability in Developing Countries - the Case of Asheghabaad, Isfahan, Iran.}, abstract_fa = {}, keywords_fa = {Urban Design,Urban Village,sustainable development,Asheghabaad (Isfahan),Institutional Barriers,institutional change,Implementation}, url = {https://www.armanshahrjournal.com/article_32696.html}, eprint = {https://www.armanshahrjournal.com/article_32696_df0973ae71e775a6e8a3d53344781a93.pdf} } @article { author = {Khakzand, Mahdi}, title = {A Landscape Design Process Based on Alexandrian Theory (An Iranian Academic Study)}, journal = {Armanshahr Architecture & Urban Development}, volume = {5}, number = {8}, pages = {59-70}, year = {2012}, publisher = {Dr. Mostafa Behzadfar}, issn = {2008-5079}, eissn = {2538-2365}, doi = {}, abstract = {The author in this research has tried to link the Alexander pattern language theory, which is based on human oriented and spatial factors, to landscape design, which could come to a cyclic model of “A Pattern Language for Landscape Design” in Iranian schools of architecture. So, a landscape design process based on the value of Human-Oriented approach, which is extracted from other values, and the theoretical crisis in this area is discussed in this paper. The author has called this the “Socio-Cultural” approach. Many researchers such as Alexander (1977), Hillier & Hanson (1984), Norberg- Schulz (1984), Rapoport (1998) and Fathy (2000) have debated on the position and the value of human (Socio-Cultural approach) during design activity and thinking. The purpose of this research is to achieve an academic design process for “Landscape Design” in Iran, based on Pattern Language theory. In fact, achieving such a design model seemed impossible, if no relationship was found between the mentioned theory and Landscape Design. In the end, using a comparative study, some models were achieved. The research method is a survey implemented to collect data from 129 master students of landscape architecture, studying at various schools of architecture in Tehran. The sampling method was based on the stratified random sampling. A 49-itemed questionnaire was used to collect data, where the reliability of all subscales was more than 0.80, estimated from Cronbach alpha test. Hierarchical Confirmatory Factor Analysis was used to analyze data by the LISREL 8.72 software. Results of the analysis statistically confirmed the model of “A Pattern Language for Landscape Design”.}, keywords = {Pattern Language,Landscape Design,Academic Design Process,Socio-Cultural Dimension,Iran}, title_fa = {A Landscape Design Process Based on Alexandrian Theory (An Iranian Academic Study)}, abstract_fa = {}, keywords_fa = {Pattern Language,Landscape Design,Academic Design Process,Socio-Cultural Dimension,Iran}, url = {https://www.armanshahrjournal.com/article_32697.html}, eprint = {https://www.armanshahrjournal.com/article_32697_90e6dd180207d3afeb26288dbcf6fb98.pdf} } @article { author = {Mahmoudi Kurdistani, Payam and Khodabakhsh, Peyman and Mashayekhi, Samira}, title = {Democratic Urban Streets Design Guideline Codifications (Based on Qualitative Democratic Urban Spaces Design Norms)}, journal = {Armanshahr Architecture & Urban Development}, volume = {5}, number = {8}, pages = {71-82}, year = {2012}, publisher = {Dr. Mostafa Behzadfar}, issn = {2008-5079}, eissn = {2538-2365}, doi = {}, abstract = {The concepts of democracy have been around for centuries in different fields of human sciences. However, in most of these fields the idealistic and far-fetched features attributed to democracy have not been manipulated yet. It should be mentioned that there have been only a few serious attempts to find proper go-between elements, which could make such a concept as comprehensible and tangible as possible. In fact “democratic urban space” is derived from the “design for all” concept. In other words, this is the physical expression of “general democracy” which appears in urban spaces and which is definable based on specific principles. These principles (qualitative norms of democratic urban space design) are jointly based on urban design and democratic approaches, and have got a moderating role among theoretical contexts and urban physics. Based on the general aspect of mentioned concepts, there is a need for detailed attention to all urban spaces in order to find specific strategies and tools for each space, based on internal characteristics of the space and according to democratic street design norms. The present article, in line with the aforementioned purpose, aims to devise the instruments and methods, which could actualize the theoretical concepts of democracy, which are often considered at a general level in the actual life of people. In this regard, studying and investigating other democratic conceptual fields in urban street spaces (economics, culture, politics, government) alongside other forms of spatial-physical democracy in streets are surveyed in this article. Therefore, the main aim of this article is to analyse and provide design guidelines based on democracy norms in the street context. In order to achieve this goal, a wide range of theories have been reviewed and systemically classified to provide physical guidelines for democratic street design.}, keywords = {Democracy,Democratic Urban Space,street,Democratic Street}, title_fa = {Democratic Urban Streets Design Guideline Codifications (Based on Qualitative Democratic Urban Spaces Design Norms)}, abstract_fa = {}, keywords_fa = {Democracy,Democratic Urban Space,street,Democratic Street}, url = {https://www.armanshahrjournal.com/article_32698.html}, eprint = {https://www.armanshahrjournal.com/article_32698_7baf6ada5a8d2599271d9b7de8327a46.pdf} } @article { author = {Habibi, Kiumars and Behzadfar, Mostafa and Meshkini, Abolfazl and Shahmoradi, Behzad and Safdarnejad, Mojtaba}, title = {Feasibility Study of GIS and AHP Techniques in Site Selection for Pedestranization towards Urban Regeneration}, journal = {Armanshahr Architecture & Urban Development}, volume = {5}, number = {8}, pages = {83-92}, year = {2012}, publisher = {Dr. Mostafa Behzadfar}, issn = {2008-5079}, eissn = {2538-2365}, doi = {}, abstract = {Pay attention to the public transportation, cycling and Pedestrian oriented development (POD) and car-free streets can increase the quality of urban spaces and create more secure pedestrians with Psychological comfort for human. Old urban fabric with hidden physical, historical, and cultural values has been the best evidence of urban identity and meanwhile, the life and growth of this fabric has prevented the internal erosion of the city and has limited its unlimited expansion. This paper gives an introduction to the role, importance, issues, and limitations of urban fabrics of cities like Zanjan in relation with traffic and the necessity of public transportation development, policies, and alternatives from the urban planning point of view. The methodology used was based on 7 parts including causes and factors affecting development of the pedestrianism movement, The status of pedestranization in the methods of intervention in the old urban fabric, public success in improving and renovating the old city fabrics, obvious records of implementation in old cities and today’s missing ring, feasibility study of implementing urban walking paths in the old fabric of Zanjan City (legal, and spatial-physical background), indicator-making, paths potential survey, and implementation of the model in GIS environment, and finally, selecting paths capable of pedestrian sidewalk. Our findings revealed that Middle Sadi path ranked first place, followed by the West Imam Khomeini path as a secondary option.}, keywords = {public transportation,Urban Old Fabric,pedestrian,GIS,Site Selection,AHP,Modeling}, title_fa = {Feasibility Study of GIS and AHP Techniques in Site Selection for Pedestranization towards Urban Regeneration}, abstract_fa = {}, keywords_fa = {public transportation,Urban Old Fabric,pedestrian,GIS,Site Selection,AHP,Modeling}, url = {https://www.armanshahrjournal.com/article_32699.html}, eprint = {https://www.armanshahrjournal.com/article_32699_b9e6753e251f0cf80793ad30127bbcfa.pdf} } @article { author = {Rezazadeh, Razieh and Latifi Oskouei, Laleh and Mohammadi, Maryam}, title = {Identifying Measures and Indicators Affecting the Walkability of Neighborhoods with a Sustainable Neighborhood Development Approach Case Study: Chizar Neighborhood, Tehran, Iran}, journal = {Armanshahr Architecture & Urban Development}, volume = {5}, number = {8}, pages = {93-106}, year = {2012}, publisher = {Dr. Mostafa Behzadfar}, issn = {2008-5079}, eissn = {2538-2365}, doi = {}, abstract = {Sustainable transportation with the aim of urban sustainable development aims to improve the environmental quality and the socio-economic condition. One of the most important strategies for achieving sustainable transportation is planning and designing for walking, or in other words increasing urban walkability. Therefore, increased walkability has become a key issue in urban planning. Understanding influential measures on urban and neighborhood walkability for residents have become very important. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to identify the factors affecting walkability in order to improve neighborhoods' sustainability from the residents’ point of view. The results of increased walkability are investigated through various social, economic and environmental aspects. This article is based on a subjective approach to define the effective measures on walkability in the case study of Chizar neighborhood in Tehran. Therefore, the article is an applied analytical one based on quantitative analysis. Based on a survey technique, 200 sample questionnaires were collected. The data then was used to conduct correlation and regression analyses. The results show that the most important factors affecting the residents’ perception of walkability include access to daily and weekly needs, sense of security and safety, environmental aesthetics, permeability and traffic characteristics.}, keywords = {Neighborhood,Walkability,sustainable development,Chizar Neighborhood,Tehran,Iran}, title_fa = {Identifying Measures and Indicators Affecting the Walkability of Neighborhoods with a Sustainable Neighborhood Development Approach Case Study: Chizar Neighborhood, Tehran, Iran}, abstract_fa = {}, keywords_fa = {Neighborhood,Walkability,sustainable development,Chizar Neighborhood,Tehran,Iran}, url = {https://www.armanshahrjournal.com/article_32700.html}, eprint = {https://www.armanshahrjournal.com/article_32700_63f64df953b80ceb37192cb764925d15.pdf} }