@article { author = {Alitajer, Saeid and Sajadzadeh, Hasan and Saadati vaghar, Pooria}, title = {A Study of Sociability Factors’ Influence on Educational Spaces: The Case of the School of Art and Architecture of Bu-Ali Sina University}, journal = {Armanshahr Architecture & Urban Development}, volume = {9}, number = {16}, pages = {1-13}, year = {2016}, publisher = {Dr. Mostafa Behzadfar}, issn = {2008-5079}, eissn = {2538-2365}, doi = {}, abstract = {Sociability of educational spaces is crucial to the quality of education because a major part of learning takes place through attending public spaces, acting in spaces, social interaction with peers, and collective life in public spaces. Sociability provides for the users’ social needs. The present study seeks to explore the development of sociability in educational spaces through increasing opportunities for social interaction in educational buildings, particularly in their shared spaces. The hypothesis is that human, activity and environmental factors stand in a significant relationship with sociability of the students at the School of Art and Architecture, Bu-Ali Sina University of Hamedan, Iran. Underlying this study is a descriptive-analytical methodology that was applied, in form of a case study, in the School of Art and Architecture of Bu-Ali Sina University. The data were collected by using library research, interview, field observation, and case study. In so doing, a survey was performed by administering a questionnaire to the subjects, i.e. sample students from among the entire population of the students at the school. The correlation of the data was then analyzed by SPSS software and influence of each variable, on the development of sociability in educational spaces, was determined. According to the findings, from among the three variables, the psychosocial characteristics of the users, which tend to be the most influential and physical features of the public environment, are the least influential factors. Also the results of correlation tests show that psychosocial factors and physical factors are directly correlated with activity-related factors.}, keywords = {Sociability,Educational Spaces,Users,Environment,function}, title_fa = {A Study of Sociability Factors’ Influence on Educational Spaces: The Case of the School of Art and Architecture of Bu-Ali Sina University}, abstract_fa = {Sociability of educational spaces is crucial to the quality of education because a major part of learning takes place through attending public spaces, acting in spaces, social interaction with peers, and collective life in public spaces. Sociability provides for the users’ social needs. The present study seeks to explore the development of sociability in educational spaces through increasing opportunities for social interaction in educational buildings, particularly in their shared spaces. The hypothesis is that human, activity and environmental factors stand in a significant relationship with sociability of the students at the School of Art and Architecture, Bu-Ali Sina University of Hamedan, Iran. Underlying this study is a descriptive-analytical methodology that was applied, in form of a case study, in the School of Art and Architecture of Bu-Ali Sina University. The data were collected by using library research, interview, field observation, and case study. In so doing, a survey was performed by administering a questionnaire to the subjects, i.e. sample students from among the entire population of the students at the school. The correlation of the data was then analyzed by SPSS software and influence of each variable, on the development of sociability in educational spaces, was determined. According to the findings, from among the three variables, the psychosocial characteristics of the users, which tend to be the most influential and physical features of the public environment, are the least influential factors. Also the results of correlation tests show that psychosocial factors and physical factors are directly correlated with activity-related factors.}, keywords_fa = {Sociability,Educational Spaces,Users,Environment,function}, url = {https://www.armanshahrjournal.com/article_33218.html}, eprint = {https://www.armanshahrjournal.com/article_33218_9b94a9e7931e4d0cdefbed3e36727dfa.pdf} } @article { author = {Islami, S. Yahya and Tafakkor, Mina and Rezvani Zadeh, Forough}, title = {Richness in Architecture as Defined by Contemporary Iranian Television Series}, journal = {Armanshahr Architecture & Urban Development}, volume = {9}, number = {16}, pages = {15-27}, year = {2016}, publisher = {Dr. Mostafa Behzadfar}, issn = {2008-5079}, eissn = {2538-2365}, doi = {}, abstract = {Today, mass media act like a magic mirror, not only reflecting the reality of societies, but also projecting a variety of images onto people’s thoughts. Because of this great ability to produce, reproduce and disperse images, mass media have acquired considerable influence on people’s lives. Among the different media, the television in particular has become an inseparable part of most Iranian households. Within the various programs offered, television series stand out from the rest because they are presented incrementally and over a longer period of time, and therefore, attracting large, faithful audiences who continuously absorb their visual communication. This paper traces people’s conception of richness, luxury and quality in architecture by examining its representation in recent Iranian TV series. It uses a qualitative research methodology based on theoretical cross-examination, critical analysis and thematic comparison of Iranian homes, particularly houses belonging to the wealthy with enough financial means to facilitate quality and creativity in architecture. By analyzing the architectural characteristics of these buildings, this paper concludes that a particularly superficial definition of richness in architecture is gaining popularity, which results in architectural characteristics that are entirely foreign to the rich cultural and architectural traditions of Iran. The consequence is a loss of identity in which everyone is responsible for: from the wealthy clients who desire such imported opulence, to the architects who succumb to such desire, and finally the public that accepts it all. In this context, the media acts like a mirror, reflecting and therefore doubling the effect of these events.}, keywords = {Contemporary Architecture,Interior Architecture,mass media,TV Series,Luxury}, title_fa = {Richness in Architecture as Defined by Contemporary Iranian Television Series}, abstract_fa = {Today, mass media act like a magic mirror, not only reflecting the reality of societies, but also projecting a variety of images onto people’s thoughts. Because of this great ability to produce, reproduce and disperse images, mass media have acquired considerable influence on people’s lives. Among the different media, the television in particular has become an inseparable part of most Iranian households. Within the various programs offered, television series stand out from the rest because they are presented incrementally and over a longer period of time, and therefore, attracting large, faithful audiences who continuously absorb their visual communication. This paper traces people’s conception of richness, luxury and quality in architecture by examining its representation in recent Iranian TV series. It uses a qualitative research methodology based on theoretical cross-examination, critical analysis and thematic comparison of Iranian homes, particularly houses belonging to the wealthy with enough financial means to facilitate quality and creativity in architecture. By analyzing the architectural characteristics of these buildings, this paper concludes that a particularly superficial definition of richness in architecture is gaining popularity, which results in architectural characteristics that are entirely foreign to the rich cultural and architectural traditions of Iran. The consequence is a loss of identity in which everyone is responsible for: from the wealthy clients who desire such imported opulence, to the architects who succumb to such desire, and finally the public that accepts it all. In this context, the media acts like a mirror, reflecting and therefore doubling the effect of these events.}, keywords_fa = {Contemporary Architecture,Interior Architecture,mass media,TV Series,Luxury}, url = {https://www.armanshahrjournal.com/article_33229.html}, eprint = {https://www.armanshahrjournal.com/article_33229_8d67270467ddc746100066ad37cd41c7.pdf} } @article { author = {Kazemi, Elham and Khojasteh Ghamari, Mohammad Amin and Neshanifam, Shokuh}, title = {The Application of Nanotechnology against Humidity in the Building Preservation of Tabriz Historical and Traditional City, Case Study: Blue Mosque, Tabriz}, journal = {Armanshahr Architecture & Urban Development}, volume = {9}, number = {16}, pages = {29-38}, year = {2016}, publisher = {Dr. Mostafa Behzadfar}, issn = {2008-5079}, eissn = {2538-2365}, doi = {}, abstract = {Since historical monuments carry national values and identity, their maintenance and protection is necessary through methods which provide holistic stability and originality preservation. Nanotechnology creates the possibility of monitoring the intrinsic traits such as melting temperature, magnetic properties, and load capacity. The colour of materials could even satay changeless in their chemical composition by developing some structures in Nano-meter scale. This means that fewer materials with better quality will be required for a determined function. In this research, it is tried to present solutions for removing deficiencies and damages of historical monuments by application of nanotechnology. Humidity is the main cause of historical monuments damages. Although current insulators prevent penetration of humidity, but they remove adobe and stone surfaces respiration and cause new problems. In this research, it has been tried to provide building respiration by application of nanotechnology and insulators produced by this technology. Religious monument of Blue Mosque is one of the valuable phenomena that relate to the period of Garagounlu. The outstanding feature and publicity of this mosque relies on wonderful and combinatory architecture and mosaic and combination of adobe and tile and solid motives that ornamented the monument interior and exterior surfaces. By selection of case study of Tabriz Blue Mosque, it was tried to investigate nanotechnology performance in this monument based on the region climate and used materials. The research will then present solutions for sections damaged by natural disasters through author laboratory analyses and descriptive and analytical methodologies to preserve this valuable monument in Tabriz architecture history.}, keywords = {Historical Monuments,Repair,Nanotechnology,Materials,Humidity}, title_fa = {The Application of Nanotechnology against Humidity in the Building Preservation of Tabriz Historical and Traditional City, Case Study: Blue Mosque, Tabriz}, abstract_fa = {Since historical monuments carry national values and identity, their maintenance and protection is necessary through methods which provide holistic stability and originality preservation. Nanotechnology creates the possibility of monitoring the intrinsic traits such as melting temperature, magnetic properties, and load capacity. The colour of materials could even satay changeless in their chemical composition by developing some structures in Nano-meter scale. This means that fewer materials with better quality will be required for a determined function. In this research, it is tried to present solutions for removing deficiencies and damages of historical monuments by application of nanotechnology. Humidity is the main cause of historical monuments damages. Although current insulators prevent penetration of humidity, but they remove adobe and stone surfaces respiration and cause new problems. In this research, it has been tried to provide building respiration by application of nanotechnology and insulators produced by this technology. Religious monument of Blue Mosque is one of the valuable phenomena that relate to the period of Garagounlu. The outstanding feature and publicity of this mosque relies on wonderful and combinatory architecture and mosaic and combination of adobe and tile and solid motives that ornamented the monument interior and exterior surfaces. By selection of case study of Tabriz Blue Mosque, it was tried to investigate nanotechnology performance in this monument based on the region climate and used materials. The research will then present solutions for sections damaged by natural disasters through author laboratory analyses and descriptive and analytical methodologies to preserve this valuable monument in Tabriz architecture history.}, keywords_fa = {Historical Monuments,Repair,Nanotechnology,Materials,Humidity}, url = {https://www.armanshahrjournal.com/article_33232.html}, eprint = {https://www.armanshahrjournal.com/article_33232_ebafc1df0002e914beb588dc3174310c.pdf} } @article { author = {Rahaei, Omid}, title = {Natural Ventilation: Analysis of Indoor Airflow in an Assumed Cubic Building with Opposite Openings by CFD Investigations}, journal = {Armanshahr Architecture & Urban Development}, volume = {9}, number = {16}, pages = {39-57}, year = {2016}, publisher = {Dr. Mostafa Behzadfar}, issn = {2008-5079}, eissn = {2538-2365}, doi = {}, abstract = {The natural ventilation is an easy way to exchange the indoor polluted warm air with outdoor fresh air. The wind power injects outdoor fresh air into the building. A good indoor air current and subsequently a proper exhaust depend on the openings’ conditions and their situations. A serious architectural question is under what conditions of the openings the wind-cross ventilation can be effective, and the required indoor air current in the enclosure is established. The purpose of this article is analyzing the conditions of indoor airflow in an analytical architectural model to upgrade the natural ventilation by focusing on opposite opening’s conditions. This research considers some wind driven ventilation manner with respect to openings circumstances in an assumed cubic model. The research method includes a numerical simulation using a validated computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model. It investigates and compares the performances of different models of airflow currents in a natural ventilation process and subsequently the indoor airflow paths, under the different conditions of the openings in a fixed boundary condition model; the simulations are performed in an assumed model (a 6×6×6m cubic building with just 2 opposite openings in stationary walls as boundaries of the model) by using Gambit and Fluent software. With an analytical method (using Fluent) the gathered data would be analyzed. Finally the results are presented and generalized: the results demonstrate that whatever the wind speed is, the indoor airflow condition depends on the situations of the openings. It means that the quality of winddrive cross ventilation and its path is not depended on the wind speed. Besides for establishing proper natural ventilation, the opposite windows must not be installed in front of each other, or in the same level.}, keywords = {Wind-driven Cross Ventilation,Large Openings,CFD Method,Sealed Buildings,Indoor Airflow}, title_fa = {Natural Ventilation: Analysis of Indoor Airflow in an Assumed Cubic Building with Opposite Openings by CFD Investigations}, abstract_fa = {The natural ventilation is an easy way to exchange the indoor polluted warm air with outdoor fresh air. The wind power injects outdoor fresh air into the building. A good indoor air current and subsequently a proper exhaust depend on the openings’ conditions and their situations. A serious architectural question is under what conditions of the openings the wind-cross ventilation can be effective, and the required indoor air current in the enclosure is established. The purpose of this article is analyzing the conditions of indoor airflow in an analytical architectural model to upgrade the natural ventilation by focusing on opposite opening’s conditions. This research considers some wind driven ventilation manner with respect to openings circumstances in an assumed cubic model. The research method includes a numerical simulation using a validated computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model. It investigates and compares the performances of different models of airflow currents in a natural ventilation process and subsequently the indoor airflow paths, under the different conditions of the openings in a fixed boundary condition model; the simulations are performed in an assumed model (a 6×6×6m cubic building with just 2 opposite openings in stationary walls as boundaries of the model) by using Gambit and Fluent software. With an analytical method (using Fluent) the gathered data would be analyzed. Finally the results are presented and generalized: the results demonstrate that whatever the wind speed is, the indoor airflow condition depends on the situations of the openings. It means that the quality of winddrive cross ventilation and its path is not depended on the wind speed. Besides for establishing proper natural ventilation, the opposite windows must not be installed in front of each other, or in the same level.}, keywords_fa = {Wind-driven Cross Ventilation,Large Openings,CFD Method,Sealed Buildings,Indoor Airflow}, url = {https://www.armanshahrjournal.com/article_33254.html}, eprint = {https://www.armanshahrjournal.com/article_33254_1d8aac3b14b58e023b3385995594045f.pdf} } @article { author = {Soltanzadeh, Hossein}, title = {Reasons for Creation of Important and Sacred Numbers and Their Reflections in Architectural and Urban Spaces}, journal = {Armanshahr Architecture & Urban Development}, volume = {9}, number = {16}, pages = {59-68}, year = {2016}, publisher = {Dr. Mostafa Behzadfar}, issn = {2008-5079}, eissn = {2538-2365}, doi = {}, abstract = {This research was an attempt to study reasons for creation of some of the important and sacred numbers and their reflection in architectural and urban spaces. This subject matter is important because significant and sacred numbers were used in design and construction of a number of historical spaces. The research objective was to discover some of the reasons for formation of important and sacred numbers and their reflection in architectural and urban spaces. The research questions are: How and why were some numbers considered important or sacred? How the important and special numbers are reflected in urban and architectural spaces? The research theoretical framework is based on the idea that important and sacred methods were used in design and construction of a number of architectural and urban spaces (especially religious spaces) as well as public spaces. The idea also holds that architectural and urban spaces are reflections of civilization and culture of the society they belonged to. The descriptive analytical research method and sometimes the historical-interpretative research method were used for this research, because the research data consisted of historical and qualitative data. Architectural and urban spaces in Iran formed the dependent variable, and important or sacred numbers were the independent variable in this research. The statistical society mainly covered Iran, but examples of other important cultures are also referred to. Research results indicated that phenomena such as some of the numbers related to human organs, natural and cosmic system numerical properties of the earth, some of the structural qualities of geometrical forms, a number of religious events and phenomena, the internal structure and order of arithmetic, and relationships between numbers are factors influencing formation of important and sacred numbers.}, keywords = {Sacred Numbers,Symbolism,Culture and Numbers,Traditional Architecture}, title_fa = {Reasons for Creation of Important and Sacred Numbers and Their Reflections in Architectural and Urban Spaces}, abstract_fa = {This research was an attempt to study reasons for creation of some of the important and sacred numbers and their reflection in architectural and urban spaces. This subject matter is important because significant and sacred numbers were used in design and construction of a number of historical spaces. The research objective was to discover some of the reasons for formation of important and sacred numbers and their reflection in architectural and urban spaces. The research questions are: How and why were some numbers considered important or sacred? How the important and special numbers are reflected in urban and architectural spaces? The research theoretical framework is based on the idea that important and sacred methods were used in design and construction of a number of architectural and urban spaces (especially religious spaces) as well as public spaces. The idea also holds that architectural and urban spaces are reflections of civilization and culture of the society they belonged to. The descriptive analytical research method and sometimes the historical-interpretative research method were used for this research, because the research data consisted of historical and qualitative data. Architectural and urban spaces in Iran formed the dependent variable, and important or sacred numbers were the independent variable in this research. The statistical society mainly covered Iran, but examples of other important cultures are also referred to. Research results indicated that phenomena such as some of the numbers related to human organs, natural and cosmic system numerical properties of the earth, some of the structural qualities of geometrical forms, a number of religious events and phenomena, the internal structure and order of arithmetic, and relationships between numbers are factors influencing formation of important and sacred numbers.}, keywords_fa = {Sacred Numbers,Symbolism,Culture and Numbers,Traditional Architecture}, url = {https://www.armanshahrjournal.com/article_33256.html}, eprint = {https://www.armanshahrjournal.com/article_33256_9023468207520adf3bfa1489330a21aa.pdf} } @article { author = {Zamani, Mahdi and Akbari, Hassan and Hadavi, Faramarz}, title = {Best Orientation Determination of Buildings in Zanjan City Based on Solar Radiation}, journal = {Armanshahr Architecture & Urban Development}, volume = {9}, number = {16}, pages = {85-94}, year = {2016}, publisher = {Dr. Mostafa Behzadfar}, issn = {2008-5079}, eissn = {2538-2365}, doi = {}, abstract = {In recent years, high consumption of energy has become one of the major problems of world, especially in big cities. One of the solutions given for this situation is using solar energy as much as possible. If buildings are constructed in accordance with solar radiation and regional climate, they can absorb the lowest energy in hot and the most energy in cold periods; there will then be noticeable saving in energy consumption. Since Zanjan has special location, the buildings’ orientation should be in a way that the most possible energy could be absorbed by the building through the cold periods, and the lowest amount of energy would be able to hit the building in hot periods. In this research, to reach the most efficient use of solar energy in Zanjan, as the case study of research, first the climate information of 40 years timing was collected from Zanjan Synoptic Center, and the orientation and height of sun was extracted afterwards by using Q-BASIC software. The amount of solar radiation on vertical surfaces of walls in various angles was calculated using law of cosines. And finally the best orientation for buildings in this city has been determined. The results of this research showed that vertical surfaces with the orientations of +150 and -150 south-west absorb the most amount of energy, and the surfaces with orientations of +15 and -15 north-east and west absorb the lowest energy in cold and hot months of the year. The highest difference of radiated energy in vertical surfaces is at +135 south - east and – 135 southwest through hot and cold periods. According to the research results, the best settlement orientations for buildings are 135 degree and 225 degree of Azimuth angle.}, keywords = {Solar energy,Zanjan,Building Orientation}, title_fa = {Best Orientation Determination of Buildings in Zanjan City Based on Solar Radiation}, abstract_fa = {In recent years, high consumption of energy has become one of the major problems of world, especially in big cities. One of the solutions given for this situation is using solar energy as much as possible. If buildings are constructed in accordance with solar radiation and regional climate, they can absorb the lowest energy in hot and the most energy in cold periods; there will then be noticeable saving in energy consumption. Since Zanjan has special location, the buildings’ orientation should be in a way that the most possible energy could be absorbed by the building through the cold periods, and the lowest amount of energy would be able to hit the building in hot periods. In this research, to reach the most efficient use of solar energy in Zanjan, as the case study of research, first the climate information of 40 years timing was collected from Zanjan Synoptic Center, and the orientation and height of sun was extracted afterwards by using Q-BASIC software. The amount of solar radiation on vertical surfaces of walls in various angles was calculated using law of cosines. And finally the best orientation for buildings in this city has been determined. The results of this research showed that vertical surfaces with the orientations of +150 and -150 south-west absorb the most amount of energy, and the surfaces with orientations of +15 and -15 north-east and west absorb the lowest energy in cold and hot months of the year. The highest difference of radiated energy in vertical surfaces is at +135 south - east and – 135 southwest through hot and cold periods. According to the research results, the best settlement orientations for buildings are 135 degree and 225 degree of Azimuth angle.}, keywords_fa = {Solar energy,Zanjan,Building Orientation}, url = {https://www.armanshahrjournal.com/article_33265.html}, eprint = {https://www.armanshahrjournal.com/article_33265_2b63f745665ca41485351d7f1f643529.pdf} } @article { author = {Fadaei Nezhad, Somayeh and Eshrati, Parastoo and Eshrati, Dorna}, title = {Developing a Conceptual Framework of Integrity in Urban Heritage Conservation}, journal = {Armanshahr Architecture & Urban Development}, volume = {9}, number = {16}, pages = {95-104}, year = {2016}, publisher = {Dr. Mostafa Behzadfar}, issn = {2008-5079}, eissn = {2538-2365}, doi = {}, abstract = {The concept of integrity, as a factor of sustaining values and significance of cultural heritage, is considered to be a key element in the process of urban heritage conservation. Review and analysis of documents, conventions and theories concerning the role of integrity in urban heritage conservation shows that in recent decades, the concept of integrity has attracted attention worldwide in the process of selection, assessment, and codification of the comprehensive conservation and management plan of urban heritage, particularly in the World Heritage sites. Currently, the UNESCO World Heritage Centre has a unique role among other scientific associations. In recent years, the World Heritage Center has put efforts into developing a conceptual framework in order to offer the criteria for evaluation, conservation and management of various types of heritage including the urban heritage. This research is carried with the aim of developing a conceptual framework for integrity in urban heritage conservation by determining the concepts related to integrity. The main question of this paper is that what are the dimensions, aspects, components and criteria of integrity within the domain of urban heritage conservation? Documents and related theories of integrity highlight the importance of conserving the integrity and stability of the cultural dimensions, besides natural dimensions, tangible and intangible aspects and intactness and wholeness components in the process of recognizing and conserving the integrity of place which are possible to be measured and evaluated by structural-historical integrity, functional-social integrity and visual-aesthetic integrity. The major contribution of this paper is to develop a conceptual framework for urban heritage conservation, applying all the above mentioned issues.}, keywords = {Integrity,Urban Heritage Conservation,Wholeness,Intactness}, title_fa = {Developing a Conceptual Framework of Integrity in Urban Heritage Conservation}, abstract_fa = {The concept of integrity, as a factor of sustaining values and significance of cultural heritage, is considered to be a key element in the process of urban heritage conservation. Review and analysis of documents, conventions and theories concerning the role of integrity in urban heritage conservation shows that in recent decades, the concept of integrity has attracted attention worldwide in the process of selection, assessment, and codification of the comprehensive conservation and management plan of urban heritage, particularly in the World Heritage sites. Currently, the UNESCO World Heritage Centre has a unique role among other scientific associations. In recent years, the World Heritage Center has put efforts into developing a conceptual framework in order to offer the criteria for evaluation, conservation and management of various types of heritage including the urban heritage. This research is carried with the aim of developing a conceptual framework for integrity in urban heritage conservation by determining the concepts related to integrity. The main question of this paper is that what are the dimensions, aspects, components and criteria of integrity within the domain of urban heritage conservation? Documents and related theories of integrity highlight the importance of conserving the integrity and stability of the cultural dimensions, besides natural dimensions, tangible and intangible aspects and intactness and wholeness components in the process of recognizing and conserving the integrity of place which are possible to be measured and evaluated by structural-historical integrity, functional-social integrity and visual-aesthetic integrity. The major contribution of this paper is to develop a conceptual framework for urban heritage conservation, applying all the above mentioned issues.}, keywords_fa = {Integrity,Urban Heritage Conservation,Wholeness,Intactness}, url = {https://www.armanshahrjournal.com/article_33272.html}, eprint = {https://www.armanshahrjournal.com/article_33272_492caed31ecf164df2034813f94e3dec.pdf} } @article { author = {Kafashpour, Azar and Gharibpour, Mahshid}, title = {The Relationship between Physical Workplace Attributes and Organizational Creativity, Case Study: Knowledge-based Companies}, journal = {Armanshahr Architecture & Urban Development}, volume = {9}, number = {16}, pages = {105-114}, year = {2016}, publisher = {Dr. Mostafa Behzadfar}, issn = {2008-5079}, eissn = {2538-2365}, doi = {}, abstract = {After years of investigating the effective factors of organizational productivity, managers concluded that physical workplace attributes is one of the most important variables. Physical workplace attributes play a vital role in increasing or decreasing organizational productivity, effectiveness, high performance, creativity as well as influence on job motivation, satisfaction and loyalty. Limited research findings link the physical work environment to employees’ physical and mental health. Although the significant of physical attributes in work environments couldn’t be ignored, there is a big gap in management literature reviews and studies of this field. The aim of this research is to fill this theoretical gap as well as recognition, classification and evaluation the physical attributes of workplaces. To gain these goals, in this study we have investigated the relationship between organizational creativity and Physical workplace attributes, and the effective factors of driving creativity in work places. Nowadays, Innovation and creativity have become critical skills for achieving success in organizations while they can increase the productivity of the organization. Therefore, after reviewing the related literature, 260 questionnaires were distributed among 80 active knowledge-based companies in “Khorasan Razavi Science and Technology Park” and “Ferdowsi university of Mashhad” incubator to evaluate their Physical workplace attributes as well as its relationship with organizational creativity. Analysis via Structural equation modeling by AMOS software shows that Physical workplace attributes strongly influences on organizational creativity, especially through “Work surfaces” and “Daylight and view” factors. In other words, to increase organizational creativity as a vital factor of creating sustainable competitive advantage for organization, designing and creating and developing a workplace with proper and fit physical features is necessary.}, keywords = {Physical Workplace Attributes,Workplace Environment,organizational creativity,Work Surfaces,Daylight and View}, title_fa = {The Relationship between Physical Workplace Attributes and Organizational Creativity, Case Study: Knowledge-based Companies}, abstract_fa = {After years of investigating the effective factors of organizational productivity, managers concluded that physical workplace attributes is one of the most important variables. Physical workplace attributes play a vital role in increasing or decreasing organizational productivity, effectiveness, high performance, creativity as well as influence on job motivation, satisfaction and loyalty. Limited research findings link the physical work environment to employees’ physical and mental health. Although the significant of physical attributes in work environments couldn’t be ignored, there is a big gap in management literature reviews and studies of this field. The aim of this research is to fill this theoretical gap as well as recognition, classification and evaluation the physical attributes of workplaces. To gain these goals, in this study we have investigated the relationship between organizational creativity and Physical workplace attributes, and the effective factors of driving creativity in work places. Nowadays, Innovation and creativity have become critical skills for achieving success in organizations while they can increase the productivity of the organization. Therefore, after reviewing the related literature, 260 questionnaires were distributed among 80 active knowledge-based companies in “Khorasan Razavi Science and Technology Park” and “Ferdowsi university of Mashhad” incubator to evaluate their Physical workplace attributes as well as its relationship with organizational creativity. Analysis via Structural equation modeling by AMOS software shows that Physical workplace attributes strongly influences on organizational creativity, especially through “Work surfaces” and “Daylight and view” factors. In other words, to increase organizational creativity as a vital factor of creating sustainable competitive advantage for organization, designing and creating and developing a workplace with proper and fit physical features is necessary.}, keywords_fa = {Physical Workplace Attributes,Workplace Environment,organizational creativity,Work Surfaces,Daylight and View}, url = {https://www.armanshahrjournal.com/article_33278.html}, eprint = {https://www.armanshahrjournal.com/article_33278_ec893eef4bcb08739fedb8bb0988460b.pdf} } @article { author = {Razzaghi Asl, Sina and Khoshghadam, Farzaneh}, title = {Environmental Quality Assessment of Tehran’s Recent Urban Design Projects, Based on Place Check Technique in Experts and Public View Point}, journal = {Armanshahr Architecture & Urban Development}, volume = {9}, number = {16}, pages = {115-127}, year = {2016}, publisher = {Dr. Mostafa Behzadfar}, issn = {2008-5079}, eissn = {2538-2365}, doi = {}, abstract = {Urban space, as a place for social interaction, has a very important role in image of the cities and also in place competition between them. These issues along with the outstanding demands of citizens for the quality of urban spaces have led the urban authorities to reconsider such spaces, as Marvi Alley, Naser Khosrow, and Sabzeh Meidan, through definition and implementation of urban projects as well as organization of the public spaces. Some of these projects have been pursued with approaches of organizing and rehabilitation and some others through the approach of creation of places. The aim of this study is to assess the environmental quality of the new urban design experiences implemented in Tehran. This assessment will lead to achieve the most significant intellectual paradigm in these experiences. Case studies will include Naser Khosrow Street, Marvi Alley, Sabzeh Meidan, Bab Homayoun Street, Haft Howz Square, Bagh – e Ferdows, Chitgar Lake, Imam Hussein Square, Ab-o-Atash Park, Farahzad, Shohada Walk-Street and Saf Street. The research method is based on using place-check technique in field analysis, by urban design experts, at the first step. Then, survey research method was accomplished though collecting the questionnaires from 360 residents in the twelve case studies. The obtained Data were also analyzed by SPSS. v19 software. The results indicate that the pedestrian-oriented paradigms, as well as the environmental urban design, have been more influential in Marvi Alley, Naser Khosrow Street, Bab Homayoun Street, Imam Hussein Square, Sabzeh Meidan, Saf Street and Shohada Walk-Street, Abo- Atash Park, as well as Chitgarlake, generally more than other approaches}, keywords = {Quality of Urban Spaces,Places Making,Evaluating Quality of Place,Placecheck Techniques,Tehran Urban Design}, title_fa = {Environmental Quality Assessment of Tehran’s Recent Urban Design Projects, Based on Place Check Technique in Experts and Public View Point}, abstract_fa = {Urban space, as a place for social interaction, has a very important role in image of the cities and also in place competition between them. These issues along with the outstanding demands of citizens for the quality of urban spaces have led the urban authorities to reconsider such spaces, as Marvi Alley, Naser Khosrow, and Sabzeh Meidan, through definition and implementation of urban projects as well as organization of the public spaces. Some of these projects have been pursued with approaches of organizing and rehabilitation and some others through the approach of creation of places. The aim of this study is to assess the environmental quality of the new urban design experiences implemented in Tehran. This assessment will lead to achieve the most significant intellectual paradigm in these experiences. Case studies will include Naser Khosrow Street, Marvi Alley, Sabzeh Meidan, Bab Homayoun Street, Haft Howz Square, Bagh – e Ferdows, Chitgar Lake, Imam Hussein Square, Ab-o-Atash Park, Farahzad, Shohada Walk-Street and Saf Street. The research method is based on using place-check technique in field analysis, by urban design experts, at the first step. Then, survey research method was accomplished though collecting the questionnaires from 360 residents in the twelve case studies. The obtained Data were also analyzed by SPSS. v19 software. The results indicate that the pedestrian-oriented paradigms, as well as the environmental urban design, have been more influential in Marvi Alley, Naser Khosrow Street, Bab Homayoun Street, Imam Hussein Square, Sabzeh Meidan, Saf Street and Shohada Walk-Street, Abo- Atash Park, as well as Chitgarlake, generally more than other approaches}, keywords_fa = {Quality of Urban Spaces,Places Making,Evaluating Quality of Place,Placecheck Techniques,Tehran Urban Design}, url = {https://www.armanshahrjournal.com/article_33279.html}, eprint = {https://www.armanshahrjournal.com/article_33279_c6de95379c9f6906f2dcd75b4af3992f.pdf} } @article { author = {Souri, Elham}, title = {A Pathological Study of Urban Design Skills’ Non-formal Training in Iran, Case Study: Tehran Municipality}, journal = {Armanshahr Architecture & Urban Development}, volume = {9}, number = {16}, pages = {129-140}, year = {2016}, publisher = {Dr. Mostafa Behzadfar}, issn = {2008-5079}, eissn = {2538-2365}, doi = {}, abstract = {In today’s world, one of the cities’ major challenges is the crisis of the built environment quality. As the urban design group discussed, urban management (local authorities) actors are kind of urban designers who unconsciously affect the quality of urban environment by their decisions. Non-formal Education and in-service training programs are effective methods to qualify staff for making decisions about the built environment. However, observations have proven that, on the contrary to our expectation, the consequences of these programs do not have impressive results on Tehran’s built environment. In other words, the quality of urban places is getting worse, in spite of the increase in number of urban design training programs. So, in order to find the roots of the problem, this research has been done in three main parts: (1) Recognizing the local authorities’ influences on quality of built environment, (2) Identifying the factors which local authorities’ staff consider in decision- taking/making in regards to the built environment, (3) Pathology of non-formal training system of urban design skills. The type of research that has been used in this study is survey under a qualitative research method. The purpose of using this method is achieving an in-depth understanding of the role of Tehran municipality as a local authority in the quality of built environment. This research investigates the “why” and “how” of decisionmaking; besides, the phenomenon of urban design skills training has been examined through observation as well as some interviews and questionnaires. The survey population is the people who are involved in training programs, including learners, educators, educational managers, officers and top managers at architecture and urban planning departments. To obtain more accurate results, the research sampling method that has been used in this study is systematic and targeted sampling. The results show that the municipality staffs do not believe in their impact on the planning and development process, as well as the quality of public realm and building design outcomes. According to the results, a fundamental review is needed in urban design training programs in terms of procedure, content and curriculum.}, keywords = {Urban Design Skills,urban management,Curriculum,Built Environment Quality,Decision Making/Taking}, title_fa = {A Pathological Study of Urban Design Skills’ Non-formal Training in Iran, Case Study: Tehran Municipality}, abstract_fa = {In today’s world, one of the cities’ major challenges is the crisis of the built environment quality. As the urban design group discussed, urban management (local authorities) actors are kind of urban designers who unconsciously affect the quality of urban environment by their decisions. Non-formal Education and in-service training programs are effective methods to qualify staff for making decisions about the built environment. However, observations have proven that, on the contrary to our expectation, the consequences of these programs do not have impressive results on Tehran’s built environment. In other words, the quality of urban places is getting worse, in spite of the increase in number of urban design training programs. So, in order to find the roots of the problem, this research has been done in three main parts: (1) Recognizing the local authorities’ influences on quality of built environment, (2) Identifying the factors which local authorities’ staff consider in decision- taking/making in regards to the built environment, (3) Pathology of non-formal training system of urban design skills. The type of research that has been used in this study is survey under a qualitative research method. The purpose of using this method is achieving an in-depth understanding of the role of Tehran municipality as a local authority in the quality of built environment. This research investigates the “why” and “how” of decisionmaking; besides, the phenomenon of urban design skills training has been examined through observation as well as some interviews and questionnaires. The survey population is the people who are involved in training programs, including learners, educators, educational managers, officers and top managers at architecture and urban planning departments. To obtain more accurate results, the research sampling method that has been used in this study is systematic and targeted sampling. The results show that the municipality staffs do not believe in their impact on the planning and development process, as well as the quality of public realm and building design outcomes. According to the results, a fundamental review is needed in urban design training programs in terms of procedure, content and curriculum.}, keywords_fa = {Urban Design Skills,urban management,Curriculum,Built Environment Quality,Decision Making/Taking}, url = {https://www.armanshahrjournal.com/article_33282.html}, eprint = {https://www.armanshahrjournal.com/article_33282_3155095f258f4742d08059e51d580a29.pdf} } @article { author = {Abdullahi, Mehdi and Pazhuhan, Musa and Ghasemzadeh, Behnam}, title = {Tabriz Intra-urban Spatial Disparities}, journal = {Armanshahr Architecture & Urban Development}, volume = {9}, number = {16}, pages = {141-152}, year = {2016}, publisher = {Dr. Mostafa Behzadfar}, issn = {2008-5079}, eissn = {2538-2365}, doi = {}, abstract = {To achieve sustainable urban development and values from social justice; it is essential that all citizens enjoy resources, facilities and life opportunities equally. Due to lack of a stable or systematic approach of measuring urban problems, disparity in environmental conditions or access to social and physical infrastructures is more obvious, especially in the cities of developing countries. In this article, a hybrid method is presented using urban indicators and geographical information system (GIS), as reliable identification tools and a criterion, to produce information related to policies in complex and multidimensional aspects of spatial disparities. His information could be used by the policy makers in order to inform them about where the first target is and in what proportion they should invest. In case study of Tabriz, this method indicates how the combination of urban indicators and GIS is a valuable tool for access of better management in resources towards balancing and spatial order in population and activities. The results of this study can help to apply reforming policies through better understanding of intra-urban disparities and optimal trace of resources. It can also help to identify poor households based on redistribution credit with the geographical component attractive to planners and decision makers.}, keywords = {Intra-urban Spatial Disparities,Spatial Segregation,Spatial Interpolation,Tabriz}, title_fa = {Tabriz Intra-urban Spatial Disparities}, abstract_fa = {To achieve sustainable urban development and values from social justice; it is essential that all citizens enjoy resources, facilities and life opportunities equally. Due to lack of a stable or systematic approach of measuring urban problems, disparity in environmental conditions or access to social and physical infrastructures is more obvious, especially in the cities of developing countries. In this article, a hybrid method is presented using urban indicators and geographical information system (GIS), as reliable identification tools and a criterion, to produce information related to policies in complex and multidimensional aspects of spatial disparities. His information could be used by the policy makers in order to inform them about where the first target is and in what proportion they should invest. In case study of Tabriz, this method indicates how the combination of urban indicators and GIS is a valuable tool for access of better management in resources towards balancing and spatial order in population and activities. The results of this study can help to apply reforming policies through better understanding of intra-urban disparities and optimal trace of resources. It can also help to identify poor households based on redistribution credit with the geographical component attractive to planners and decision makers.}, keywords_fa = {Intra-urban Spatial Disparities,Spatial Segregation,Spatial Interpolation,Tabriz}, url = {https://www.armanshahrjournal.com/article_33284.html}, eprint = {https://www.armanshahrjournal.com/article_33284_6f06072c1fee42c468d5761bc3fb387e.pdf} } @article { author = {Khodabakhsh, Peyman and Fathi, Hamid and Mashayekhi, Samira}, title = {Planning for Future Urban Services in the Smart City Era: Integrating E-services in Urban Planning Process}, journal = {Armanshahr Architecture & Urban Development}, volume = {9}, number = {16}, pages = {153-168}, year = {2016}, publisher = {Dr. Mostafa Behzadfar}, issn = {2008-5079}, eissn = {2538-2365}, doi = {}, abstract = {Information and communication technology (ICT) has transformed how we live our lives and the way we interact in different contexts. Benefits of ICT and its upcoming efficiencies (i.e. energy efficiency) are becoming the heart of many public services’ reforms which have influenced the time, distance and space concepts. At present, not only there is a lack of clarity about what high-quality ICTbased urban services look like, and an urgent need to articulate a clear vision of ‘better’ services, but also the integration of this new transformations in spatial urban planning (e.g. service delivery planning) has not been comprehensively considered. Therefore, the main debate in this paper comprises of simplifying the e-services delivery process and architecture and its integration to the spatial planning process. Illustration of the resulted benefits of such integration is another outcome of the paper. This paper aims at developing a conceptual framework of e-services and its impact on urban public service delivery in line with developing an integrated process of e-services and spatial urban planning. The main outcomes of the research are comprised of an integrated conceptual service delivery process as well as strategies to achieve and optimize such integration.}, keywords = {Smart city,E-Services,Urban Services Planning,ICT,Planning Process}, title_fa = {Planning for Future Urban Services in the Smart City Era: Integrating E-services in Urban Planning Process}, abstract_fa = {Information and communication technology (ICT) has transformed how we live our lives and the way we interact in different contexts. Benefits of ICT and its upcoming efficiencies (i.e. energy efficiency) are becoming the heart of many public services’ reforms which have influenced the time, distance and space concepts. At present, not only there is a lack of clarity about what high-quality ICTbased urban services look like, and an urgent need to articulate a clear vision of ‘better’ services, but also the integration of this new transformations in spatial urban planning (e.g. service delivery planning) has not been comprehensively considered. Therefore, the main debate in this paper comprises of simplifying the e-services delivery process and architecture and its integration to the spatial planning process. Illustration of the resulted benefits of such integration is another outcome of the paper. This paper aims at developing a conceptual framework of e-services and its impact on urban public service delivery in line with developing an integrated process of e-services and spatial urban planning. The main outcomes of the research are comprised of an integrated conceptual service delivery process as well as strategies to achieve and optimize such integration.}, keywords_fa = {Smart city,E-Services,Urban Services Planning,ICT,Planning Process}, url = {https://www.armanshahrjournal.com/article_33363.html}, eprint = {https://www.armanshahrjournal.com/article_33363_f4873348845040cf320395b0f7bbba31.pdf} } @article { author = {Seyedalhosseini, Seyed Moslem}, title = {Population Growth and the Interaction of Urban Environmental Challenges, Case Study: Zahedan}, journal = {Armanshahr Architecture & Urban Development}, volume = {9}, number = {16}, pages = {169-180}, year = {2016}, publisher = {Dr. Mostafa Behzadfar}, issn = {2008-5079}, eissn = {2538-2365}, doi = {}, abstract = {During the recent decades, urban management in Iran has increasingly confronted numerous challenges due to different kinds of social, cultural, political, executive, financial, and legal factors. The present study is going to specify and analyze the aforementioned challenges in the domain of the urban environment in order to determine how far they have been effective, how they have been prioritized, and what strategies or solutions are needed to meet or reduce them. Zahedan is among those cities of Iran that due to its uncontrolled growth in terms of its framework and population, has exposed urban management to many challenges during the last two or three decades, specially, in the domain of the environment. The present study aims to investigate and analyze the effects of challenges, resulted from population growth, on the environment of Zahedan. This research’s method is descriptive-analytical and the gathered data and information have been statistically processed and analyzed using SPSS software. The results indicate that the greatest challenge in the domain of the environment is related to «water resources». Considering the population growth, human, soil, and air resources are respectively other problems which can lead to further significant problems in urban management system.}, keywords = {population growth,Environment,urban management,Water resources,human resources,Soil and Air Resources}, title_fa = {Population Growth and the Interaction of Urban Environmental Challenges, Case Study: Zahedan}, abstract_fa = {During the recent decades, urban management in Iran has increasingly confronted numerous challenges due to different kinds of social, cultural, political, executive, financial, and legal factors. The present study is going to specify and analyze the aforementioned challenges in the domain of the urban environment in order to determine how far they have been effective, how they have been prioritized, and what strategies or solutions are needed to meet or reduce them. Zahedan is among those cities of Iran that due to its uncontrolled growth in terms of its framework and population, has exposed urban management to many challenges during the last two or three decades, specially, in the domain of the environment. The present study aims to investigate and analyze the effects of challenges, resulted from population growth, on the environment of Zahedan. This research’s method is descriptive-analytical and the gathered data and information have been statistically processed and analyzed using SPSS software. The results indicate that the greatest challenge in the domain of the environment is related to «water resources». Considering the population growth, human, soil, and air resources are respectively other problems which can lead to further significant problems in urban management system.}, keywords_fa = {population growth,Environment,urban management,Water resources,human resources,Soil and Air Resources}, url = {https://www.armanshahrjournal.com/article_33364.html}, eprint = {https://www.armanshahrjournal.com/article_33364_a69d9b68fecf748dc9914e598a92d7ef.pdf} } @article { author = {Zalnezhad, Kaveh and Esteghamati, Mahnaz and Hoseini, Seyed Fazlollah}, title = {Examining the Role of Renovation in Reducing Crime and Increasing the Safety of Urban Decline Areas, Case Study: Tehran’s 5th District}, journal = {Armanshahr Architecture & Urban Development}, volume = {9}, number = {16}, pages = {181-192}, year = {2016}, publisher = {Dr. Mostafa Behzadfar}, issn = {2008-5079}, eissn = {2538-2365}, doi = {}, abstract = {This article has been done having the objective of proposed principles regarding the role of urban decline areas and being impressionable in reducing crime. It was an investigation on urban crimes in decline areas, and finally the implementation of an approach that will lead to the creation of a healthy city. The result of this article is application of the urbanization principles aiming at having a healthy areas in designing cities’ which not only improves urban environment security but also leave good memories in mental images of citizens. This article analyzes decline areas of Tehran’s 5th district through renovation of urban decline areas and creating a safe urban environments; this happens through examining the case under study with a holistic approach. For this purpose, the desirability of decline areas and finally the role of decline area of Tehran’s 5th district has been examined in creation of challenges in Tehran urban management according to the conducted studies of the target area, the relationship between living in outskirts and crime rates, the link among improvement patterns, reconstruction of decline areas and citizen participation and the relationship between the organizing facade, glazing and skyline based on a detailed plan. Some results of this paper are as follows: Sustainable renovation is not possible without understanding and concentration on the social, cultural and economic structure. Furthermore, without attracting the real participation of owners, having access to desired improvement will not be fulfilled. Followed by the full attention of city’s custodians and police which reduces the vulnerability of these areas. The current situation of decline areas in the case under study is in an unsuitable condition and the uncontrolled growth of ugly pattern which has brought dissatisfaction for citizens. Research method was descriptive-analytic data collection and the research has been done through questionnaires, interview, observation, and library study. The analysis of the obtained data has been done by the utilization of SPSS software and LISREL, and the results of this examination show the important role of decline area’s renovation in increasing security and reducing crime.}, keywords = {Security,Urban Decline Areas,Urban Crimes,Being Suburbanite,DEMATEL Technique}, title_fa = {Examining the Role of Renovation in Reducing Crime and Increasing the Safety of Urban Decline Areas, Case Study: Tehran’s 5th District}, abstract_fa = {This article has been done having the objective of proposed principles regarding the role of urban decline areas and being impressionable in reducing crime. It was an investigation on urban crimes in decline areas, and finally the implementation of an approach that will lead to the creation of a healthy city. The result of this article is application of the urbanization principles aiming at having a healthy areas in designing cities’ which not only improves urban environment security but also leave good memories in mental images of citizens. This article analyzes decline areas of Tehran’s 5th district through renovation of urban decline areas and creating a safe urban environments; this happens through examining the case under study with a holistic approach. For this purpose, the desirability of decline areas and finally the role of decline area of Tehran’s 5th district has been examined in creation of challenges in Tehran urban management according to the conducted studies of the target area, the relationship between living in outskirts and crime rates, the link among improvement patterns, reconstruction of decline areas and citizen participation and the relationship between the organizing facade, glazing and skyline based on a detailed plan. Some results of this paper are as follows: Sustainable renovation is not possible without understanding and concentration on the social, cultural and economic structure. Furthermore, without attracting the real participation of owners, having access to desired improvement will not be fulfilled. Followed by the full attention of city’s custodians and police which reduces the vulnerability of these areas. The current situation of decline areas in the case under study is in an unsuitable condition and the uncontrolled growth of ugly pattern which has brought dissatisfaction for citizens. Research method was descriptive-analytic data collection and the research has been done through questionnaires, interview, observation, and library study. The analysis of the obtained data has been done by the utilization of SPSS software and LISREL, and the results of this examination show the important role of decline area’s renovation in increasing security and reducing crime.}, keywords_fa = {Security,Urban Decline Areas,Urban Crimes,Being Suburbanite,DEMATEL Technique}, url = {https://www.armanshahrjournal.com/article_33367.html}, eprint = {https://www.armanshahrjournal.com/article_33367_70a0adbeb2d27aebfb6087dff8946657.pdf} }