ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Effective Environmental Factors on Designing Productive Learning Environments
Educational spaces play an important role in enhancing learning productivity levels of society people as the most important places to human train. Considering the cost, time and energy spending on these spaces, trying to design efficient and optimized environment is a necessity. Achieving efficient environments requires changing environmental criteria so that they can have a positive impact on the activities and learning in users. Therefore, creating suitable conditions for promoting learning in users requires full utilization of the comprehensive knowledge of architecture and the design of the physical environment with respect to the environmental, social and aesthetic dimensions; Which will naturally increase the usefulness of people in space and make optimal use of the expenses spent on building schools and the time spent on education and training.The main aim of this study was to find physical variables affecting on increasing productivity in learning environments. This study is quantitative-qualitative and was done in two research methods: a) survey research methods (survey) b) correlation method. The samples were teachers and students in secondary schools’ in Zahedan city, the sample size was 310 people. Variables were extracted using the literature review and deep interviews with professors and experts. The questionnaire was obtained using variables and it is used to collect the views of teachers and students. Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was 0.89 which indicates that the information gathering tool is acceptable. The findings shows that there are four main physical factor as: 1. Physical comfort, 2. Space layouts, 3. Psychological factors and 4. Visual factors thet they are affecting positively on space productivity. Each of the environmental factors play an important role in improving the learning quality and increasing interest in attending learning environments; therefore, the desired environment improves the productivity of the educational spaces by improving the components of productivity.
https://www.armanshahrjournal.com/article_64730_ef9851956ef2f3b6de89f0868c4dd09d.pdf
2018-05-22
1
8
Space Productivity
Educational Space
Learning
Attendance
Hamidreza
Azemati
azemati@srttu.edu
1
Professor of Architecture, School of Architecture and Urban Design, Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University, Tehran, Iran.
LEAD_AUTHOR
Zinat
Aminifar
2
Ph.D. Student of Architecture, School of Architecture and Urban Design, Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University, Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
Somayeh
Pourbagher
3
Ph.D. Student of Architecture, School of Architecture and Urban Design, Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University, Tehran, Iran...
AUTHOR
Ahmadpoor Samani, S. (2012). The Impact of Indoor Lighting on Students’ Learning Performance in Learning Environments: A Knowledge Internalization Perspective. International Journal of Business and Social Science, 3(24), Special Issue , 127-136
1
Alwani, S. M., & Ahmadi, P. (2001). Designing a Comprehensive Pattern of Managing Factors Affecting Human Resource Efficiency. Teacher, 5(1), 1 – 19.
2
Azemati, H.R., & Pourbagher, S. (2017). Analysis and Recognition of Factors Affecting Stress in Educational Environments (Based on Shannon Entropy), CEPAL Review, 121.
3
Azemati, H.R., & Pourbagher, S. (2018). Improvement of Students’ Satisfaction with Physical Factors in Educational Environments based on the Concepts of Quranic Verses and Jurisprudential Narratives, Naqshejahan, TMU (Tarbiat Modares University), 7(4), 1-10.
4
Azemati, H.R., Pourbagher, S., & Ghaempanah, M. (2017). Analyzing Affective Factors on Students’ Vitality in High Schools, Transylvanian Review, 25(14)
5
Bahramian, M.R. (2011). Productivity Cycle in Organizations: The Position of Productivity in the Horizons of Aspirations. Management Development, 89, 39 – 45.
6
Bunting, A. (2004). Secondary Schools Designed for A Purpose: But Which One?. Teacher, 154, 10–13.
7
Cash, C. (1993). A Study of the Relationship between School Building Condition and Student Achievement and Behaviour. Blacksburg, Virginia Polytechnic.
8
Daly, J., Burchett, M., & Torpy, F. (2010). Plants in the Classroom Can Improve Student Performance. University of Technology, Sydney.
9
Earthman, GI. (2004). Prioritization of 31 Criteria for School Building Adequacy, American Civil Liberties Union Foundation of Maryland. Accessed Online on 30/04/07 at<http://www.aclu.md.org/aTop%20Issues/Education%20Reform/EarthmanFinal10504.pdf>.
10
Fisher, K. (2000). Building Better Outcomes: The Impact of School Infrastructure on Student Outcomes and Behaviour. Schooling Issues Digest, Department of Education, Training and Youth Affairs, Canberra.
11
Haji Babaei, H.R. (2012). School Features I Like, According to the Document of the Fundamental Transformation in Education. Quarterly Educational Innovations, 42(11), 51 - 74.
12
Higgins, S., Hall, E., Wall, K., Woolner, P., & McCaughey, C. (2005). The Impact of School Environments: A Literature Review. The Centre for Learning and Teaching, School of Education, Communication and Language Science, University of Newcastle. Accessed Online on 30/04/07 at <http://www.cfbt.com/PDF/91085.pdf>.
13
Hoxby, C. M. (2002). School Choice and School Productivity. National Bureau of Economic 1050 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge.
14
McGregor, J. (2004). Spatiality and the Place of the Material in Schools. Pedagogy, Culture and Society, 12(3), 347–372.
15
Moeinpour, H., Nasr Esfahani, A.R., & Sa’edi, A. (2004). The Effect of Class Physical Factors on Students’ Academic Achievement, Quarterly Journal of Educational Approaches, 1(4).
16
Musavi, A. (2006). Factors Affecting the Productivity of the Universities and Supreme Command of the Army of the Islamic Republic of Iran. Military Management, 21.
17
Stone, N.J. (2001). Designing Study Environments. Journal of Environmental Psychology. 21, 179-190.
18
Tanner, C. K. (2009). Effects of School Design on Student Outcomes. Journal of Educational Administration, 47(3), 381-399.
19
Yousefi, A. (2012). The Study of the Relationship between Productivity and Continuous Improvement and Performance Management System, Scientific Articles Management Database.
20
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The Study of Safavi Northern Chahar-Bagh Street of Shiraz, Iran; from the Standpoint of Integrated Conservation and Development Based on Historical Urban Landscape Approach
The historical urban landscape is a new approach towards the historical city as the product of human interaction with micro ecosystem over the passage of time that has recently gained a special position in urban conservation. This paper begins with raising the question that how this approach can be used to solve the challenges of conservation and development of historical cities. Exploring the conservation documents indicate that viewpoint to historical city has shifted from ‘the atomistic perspective to holistic’, ‘static to dynamic’, ‘product-oriented to process-oriented’, ‘conflict with micro-ecosystem to interact with micro-ecosystem’, and ‘the contrast of conservation and development’ to the integration of them. The purpose of this paper is to review the northern Safavi Chahar-Bagh street of shiraz in the city master plan to find out how the street conservation and development is based on historical urban landscape. The data for this research were collected through observations and documents review and were analyzed qualitatively. The survey results show that the new doctrines of urban conservation seek to integrate conservation and development based on historical urban landscape; however, the definition of the Historical city boundary in the master plan of shiraz is still based on static and atomistic doctrines that consider historical cities limited to the historical wall. This is while the northern Chahar-Bagh street of shiraz which was the main historical axis of the city during the Safavi period was located outside the historical wall of the city. Not paying attention to this street has caused the gradual destruction of this historical urban landscape, despite the individual protection of some of its elements. Reviewing the case study based on the historical urban landscape approach reveals the need for a reconsideration and revision of the developments urban plans.
https://www.armanshahrjournal.com/article_64731_1df25c39bad65edfbb69325dbecbc2e5.pdf
2018-05-22
9
23
Heritage
Authenticity
Conservation
Cultural landscape
Stability
Dynamism
Parastoo
Eshrati
eshrati@ut.ac.ir
1
Assistant Professor of Architecture, Department of Architecture, School of Architecture, College of Fine Arts, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
LEAD_AUTHOR
Dorna
Eshrati
2
Ph.D. Student in Environmental Design and Planning, College of Architecture, Planning & Design, Kansas State University, Manhattan KS, United States.
AUTHOR
Somayeh
Fadaei Nezhad
3
Assistant Professor of Conservation, Department of Architecture, School of Architecture, College of Fine Arts, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
Application of Historical Urban Landscape Approach in China. (2012). Developing a Road Map, Report of the Expert Meeting Organized by the World Heritage Institute of Training and Research for Asia and the Pacific (WHITRAP). China: Shanghai, 12-13 October.
1
Bandarin, F. (2010). UNESCO World Heritage, on Cultural Landscapes. Interview with Francesco Bandarin, Available at: http://dirt.asla.org/2010/03/10/interview-with-francesco-bandarin-unesco-world-heritage-on-cultural-landscapes (Accessed: May 2015).
2
Bandarin, F., & Van Oers, R. (2005). World Heritage and Contemporary Architecture, Setting Standards for Management of the Historical Urban Landscape. World Heritage Review, 14 October, Paris: the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) and Madrid: Editions San Marcos, 52-55.
3
Bandarin, F., & Van Oers, R. (2012). The Historical Urban Landscape: Managing Heritage in an Urban Century. Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
4
Bazregar, M.R. (2003). Urban Design & Main Structure of the City, Shiraz, Kushamehr.
5
Bonyady, N. (1992). Spatial Evolution of Old Shiraz Urban Fabric. Abadi Quarterly Journal of Scientific & Research in Architecture & Urbanism, Deputy Minister of Architecture and Urban Development Ministry of Road and Urban Development, Tehran, Iran, 5, 67-58.
6
Burra Charter. (1999). The Australia ICOMOS Charter for Places of Cultural Significance. Available at: http://australia.icomos.org/publications/charters/ (Accessed: June 2015).
7
Charter of Krakow. (2000). Principles for Conservation and Restoration of Built Heritage. Available at: http://e-epites.hu/1229 (Accessed: June 2015).
8
Comprehensive Planning Scheme for Green Space of Shiraz. (2003). Shiraz Municipality, Shiraz, Iran.
9
Conzen, M.R.G. (2004). Thinking about Urban Form.Papers on Urban Morphology, Peter Lang, 1932–1998.
10
Crasemann Collins, Ch. (2005). Werner Hegemann and the Search for Universal Urbanism. New York, Norton.
11
De Carlo, G. (1972). An Architecture of Participation. Melbourne Architectural Papers, The Royal Australian Institute of Architects, Melbourne.
12
Declaration of Bam. (2004). International Workshop on the Recovery of Bam’s Cultural Heritage. Kerman Province. Islamic Republic of Iran Available at: http://international.icomos.org/xian2005/bam-declaration.pdf (Accessed: April 2014).
13
Declaration of Budapest. (2002). The Budapest Declaration on World Heritage. Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage, Adopted by World Heritage Committee. Available at: http://whc.unesco.org/en/decisions/1217/ (Accessed: July 2016).
14
Declaration of Göteborg. (2005). Heritage Led Regeneration-delivering Good Practice, Available at: http: //Historical-towns.org/.../declarations/Goteborg Symposium.pdf (Accessed: April 2015).
15
Declaration of Kazan. (2002). International Symposium on Cultural Diversity in Historical Cities, Key to a Sustainable Future. Available at: https://wcd.coe.int/ViewDoc.jsp?id=881971&Site=COE (Accessed: June 2014).
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Declaration of Mexico City. (1999). ICOMOS General Report. 12 General Assembly Mexico, Mexico.Available at: http:// International icomos. Org / rappore – mexico.html (Accessed: June 2015).
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Declaration of Norwich. (2004). International Symposium on Heritage for the Future-realising the Economic and Social Potential of a Key Asset. Norwich (United Kingdom). Available at: http: //wcd.coe.int/ViewDoc.jsp?id=884669&Site=COE (Accessed: April 2015).
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Declaration of Quebec. (2008). Declaration on the Preservation of the Spirit of Place, Available at: https://whc.unesco.org/uploads/activities/documents/activity-646-2.pdf (Accessed: May 2014).
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Declaration of Savannah. (2013). Savannah Declaration on the Historical Center and the Next City, 4 May, Savannah, Georgia, USA.
20
Declaration of Stockholm. (1998). Marking the 50th Anniversary of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, Adopted by the ICOMOS Executive and Advisory Committees at their Meetings, 11 September, Stockholm.
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Documentation Centre & National Library of Fars Province, Shiraz, Iran. Retrieved from: http://provinces.nlai.ir/Default.aspx?alias=provinces.nlai.ir/fars. (Accessed on: June 2016).
22
Documentation Centre of Urban Development and Revitalization Organization, the Iranian Ministry of Roads and Urban Development (MRUD), Tehran, Iran.
23
First Comprehensive Plan of Shiraz. (1975). Deputy Minister of Architecture and Urban Development, Ministry of Road & Urban Development, Iran.
24
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Gregotti, V. (1985). Territory and Architecture, Journal of Architectural Design Profile, 59(5–6): 28–34.
26
Improvement Plan for Cultural-historical Scope of Shiraz. (1998). Iranian Cultural Heritage, Handicrafts, and Tourism Organization. Iran.
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Jokilehto, J. (2010). Reflection on Historical Urban Landscape as a Tool for Conservation. Managing Historical Cities. World Heritage Center UNESCO, Paris, 27, 53-63.
28
Master Plan of Shiraz. (1995). Naqsh-e-Jahan-Pars Consulting Engineers, Deputy Minister of Architecture and Urban Development. Ministry of Road & Urban Development, Iran.
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Pope, A.U. (1965). Persian Architecture, George Braziller.
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Recommendation of Nairobi. (1967). Recommendation Concerning the Safeguarding and Contemporary Role of Historical Areas, Available at: http://portal.unesco.org/en/ev.php. (Accessed: July 2016).
31
Recommendation of Zanzibar. (2009). Zanzibar Recommendation on the Application of the Concept of the Historical Urban Landscape in the African Context Zanzibar. 30 November to 3rd December. Mozambique, Zanzibar.
32
Recommendation on the Historical Urban Landscape. (2011). Adopted by the General Conference at its 36th Session, 10 November, UNESCO World Heritage Centre, Paris.
33
Regional Seminar on HUL in Central and Eastern Europe. (2007). Scientific and Technical Challenges for the Management and Conservation of Historical Centers of Town Inscribed on the World Heritage List for the Region of Central and Eastern Europe. 29 January to 2 February 2007. St Petersburg, Russia.
34
Rehabilitation Plan for Cultural-historical Scope of Shiraz. (1992). Iranian Cultural Heritage, Handicrafts, and Tourism Organization, Iran.
35
Revision of the Master Plan of Shiraz: The Structural-Strategic Plan of Shiraz. (2007). Shahr-O-Khaneh Planners. Architects and Engineers, Shiraz Municipality, Shiraz, Iran.
36
Second Comprehensive Plan of Shiraz. (1989). Deputy Minister of Architecture and Urban Development, Ministry of Road & Urban Development, Iran.
37
Sedaghat Kish, J. (2004). The Oldest Images of Fars (before the Invention of Camera). Takht-e Jamshid, Shiraz.
38
Strange, I., & Whitney, D. (2003). The Changing Roles and Purposes of Heritage Conservation in the UK. Planning Practice and Research, 18, 219-229.
39
Tavassoly, M., & Bonyady, N. (1992). Urban Design and Its Role in Life and Landscape of Tehran. Tehran: Road, Housing & Urban Development Research Center. No. 6, Ministry of Road & Urban Development. Iran.
40
Tourist Attractions Plan of Shiraz. (2002). Iranian Cultural Heritage, Handicrafts and Tourism Organization, Iran.
41
Trow, S. (2002). the Countryside at the Crossroads. Conservation Bulletin, 4-9.
42
Vienna Memorandum. (2005). UNESCO World Heritage Centre and City of Vienna, Proceedings of the International Conference ‘World Heritage and Contemporary Architecture – Managing the Historical Urban Landscape’. Vienna.
43
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44
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Quality of Life and Attitudes Towards Third Place in the Different Social Setting in Tabriz, Iran
Quality of life is a noticeable concept in urban areas. Indeed, assessing the QOL in different social setting can be used as an environmental quality diagnosis of previous policy strategies while it is a required foundation for drafting future spatial and urban planning policies. With the growth of urban population, changes in the work and life pattern, the need for recreation and leisure has gained a further necessity for the urbanites and has turned to one of their major needs. Creating such centers as third places- away from work and life- foster communication and interaction among the people. Oldenburg defined the third place as a location outside of home or work that supports social interaction and emotional support, regardless of levels and social classes, ethnic and racial differences. This study has investigated the relationship between QOL in different social setting and people identification of third place, for spending leisure time. In this research, Tabriz, has been chosen as a sample of this study. Cochran’s formula was used to determine sampling volume while questionnaires were distributed among citizens; after that the required data has been collected and analyzed via SPSS software. The research findings show that: In three districts, four dimensions of subjective and three dimensions of objective QOL are identified and the results show that the respondents’ different levels of education, income, occupation status, etc. are important factors that influence people’s attitudes towards quality of life. In the other way,social classes significantly affect the quality of leisure time; The amount of income and culture area are strong predicting factors which are affecting the choice of third places for spending leisure time.
https://www.armanshahrjournal.com/article_64732_ba377fd9c247d43b07a077b9bbd56e26.pdf
2018-06-20
25
38
QOL
leisure time
Third Place
social class
Tabriz City
Aynaz
Samadi Ahari
1
M.A. of Architectur, Faculty of Art & Architecture, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran.
AUTHOR
Dariush
Sattarzadeh
sattarzadeh@iaut.ac.ir
2
Assistant Professor of Architecture and Urbanism, Department of Art & Architecture, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran.
LEAD_AUTHOR
Aldosemani, T.I., Shepherd, C.E., Gashim, I., & Dousay, T. (2015). Developing Third Places to Foster Ssense of Community in Online Instruction, British Journal of Educational Technology.
1
Alidoust, S., Bosman, C., & Holden, G. (2015).Socially Healthy Ageing: The Importance of Third Places. Soft Edges and Walkable Neighbourhoods, State of Australian Cities Conference.
2
Barnett, L.A. (2005). Measuring the ABCs of Leisure Experience: Awareness, Boredom, Challenge, Distress.Leisure Sciences, 27(2), 131–155.
3
Behjati Ardakani, J., & Ghanbarpoor Nosrati, A. (2015). The Association between Physical Activity in Leisure Time and Juvenile Delinquency in Detained Boys in Yazd Prison. International Journal of Pediatrics, 3(5.1), 871-878.
4
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5
Campbell, A., Converse, R., & Rodgers, W. (1976). The Quality of American Life: Perceptions, Evaluations and Satisfactions. New York: Russell Sage Foundation.
6
Carley, M., Kirk, K., & McIntosh, S. (2001). Retailing, Sustainability and Neighbourhood Regeneration. York: JRF.
7
Cheang, M. (2002). Older Adults’ Frequent Visits to a Fast-food Restaurant: Non-obligatory Social Interaction and the Significance of Play in Third Place. Journal of Aging Studies, 1(3), 303–321.
8
Crick, A.P. (2011). New Third Places: Opportunities and Challenges, Tourism Sensemaking: Strategies to Give Meaning to Experience. Advances in Culture, Tourism and Hospitality Research, 5, 63-77.
9
Das, D. (2008). Urban Quality of Life: A Case Study of Guwahati. Social Indicators Research, 88(2), 297–310.
10
Dawson, D. (2009). Leisure and Social Class: Some Neglected Theoretical Considerations. Leisure Sciences, 8(1), 47-61.
11
Ducheneaut, N., Moore, R.J., & Nickell, E. (2007) Virtual Third Places: A Case Study of Sociability in Massively Multiplayer Games. Computer Supported Cooperative Work, 16, 129–166.
12
Eby, J., Kitchen, P., & Williams, A. (2012). Perceptions of Quality Life in Hamilton’s Neighbourhood Hubs: A Qualitative Analysis. Social Indicators Research, 108(2), 299–315.
13
Fialkoff, F. (2010). Third Place or Thinking Space.Library Journal, 135(2), 8.
14
Flint, J. (2012). Neighbourhood Sustainability: Residents’ Perceptions and Perspectives. The Future of Sustainable Cities: Critical Reflections.
15
Glover, T.D., & Parry, D.C. (2009). A Third Place in the Everyday Lives of People Living with Cancer.Functions of Gilda’s Club of Greater Toronto, Health and Place, 15, 97–106.
16
Glover, T.D., Parry, D.C., & Mulcahy, C.M. (2012). At Once Liberating and Exclusionary? A Lefebvrean Analysis of Gilda’s Club of Toronto. Leisure Studies, 32(5), 1–20.
17
Goodchild, B. (2008). Homes, Cities and Neighbourhoods; Planning the Residential Landscapes of Modern Britain. Aldershot: Ashgate.
18
Haller, M., Hadler, M., & Kaup, G. (2013). Leisure Time in Modern Societies: A New Source of Boredom and Stress?. Social Indicators Research, 111(2), 403–434.
19
Hastings, A., Bramley, G., Bailey, N., & Watkins, D. (2012). Serving Deprived Communities in Recession. York: JRF.
20
Hawkins, C.J., & Ryan, L.A.J. (2013). Festival Spaces as Third Places. Journal of Place Management and Development, 6(3), 192 – 202.
21
Haythornthwaite, C., & Kendall, L. (2010). Internet and Community. American Behavioral Scientist, 53(8), 1083-1094.
22
Haywood, L., Kew, F., & Bramham, P. (1999). Understanding Leisure. (M, Ehsani. trans). Tehran: Omid Danesh Publisher.
23
Hickman, P. (2013). Third Places and Social Interaction in Deprived Neighbourhoods in Great Britain.Journal of Housing and the Built Environment, 28(2), 221–236.
24
Ibrahim, M.F., & Chung, S.W. (2003). Quality of Life of Residents Living Near Industrial Estates in Singapore. Social Indicators Research, 61(2), 203–225.
25
J.Walker, G. (2016). Social Class and Basic Psychological Need Satisfaction During Leisure and Paid Work. Journal of Leisure Research, 48(3), 228-244.
26
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27
Johnson, A.J., & Glover, T.D. (2013). Understanding Urban Public Space in a Leisure Context. Leisure Sciences, 35(2), 190–197.
28
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29
Kelly, J. (1996). Leisure. Boston and London: Allyn and Bacon
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32
Lawson, K.G. (2004). Libraries in the USA as Traditional and Virtual Third Places. New Library World, 105(3/4), 125–130.
33
Mair, H. (2009). Club Life: Third Place and Shared Leisure in Rural Canada. Leisure Sciences, 31(5), 450–465.
34
Marans, R.W. (2003). Understanding Environmental Quality through Quality of Life Studies. The 2001 DAS and its Use of Subjective and Objective Indicators, Landscape and Urban Planning, 65, 73-83.
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Marans, R. W., & Mohai, P. (1991). Leisure Resources, Recreation Activity and the Quality of Life. The Benefits of Leisure. State College: Venture Publishing.
36
Marans, R. W., & Rodgers, W. (1975). Towards an Understanding of Community Satisfaction. Metropolitan America in Contemporary Perspective, New York: Halsted Press.
37
Marans, R. W., & Stimson, R. J. (2011). Investigating Quality of Urban Life: Theory, Method, and Empirical Research. Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Springer Publishing.
38
Marans, R.W. (2014). Quality of Urban Life & Environmental Sustainability Studies. Future Linkage Opportunities, Habitat International, 1-6.
39
Marie Peters, D. (2016). Inked: Historic African-American Beach Site as Collective Memory and Group Third Place Sociability on Martha’s Vineyard. Leisure Studies, 35(2), 187-199.
40
Memorovic, N., Fels, S., Anacleto, J., Calderon, R., Gobbo, F., & Carroll, J.M. (2014). Rethinking Third Places: Contemporary Design with Technology. The Journal of Community Informatics, 10(3).
41
Metta, V., & Bosson, J.K. (2010). Third Places and the Social Life of Streets. Environment and Behavior, 42 (6), 779-805.
42
Mulcahy, C.M., Parry, D.C., & Glover, T.D. (2010). Play-group Politics: A Critical Social Capital Exploration of Exclusion and Conformity in Mothers Groups. Leisure Studies, 29(1), 3–27.
43
Mulvey, A. (2002). Gender, Economic Context, Perceptions of Safety and Quality of Life: A Case Study of Lowell, Massachusetts. American Journal of Community Psychology, 30(5), 655–679.
44
Nooraie, H., & Tabibian, M. (2012). Quality of Life in the Decayed Historic Areas of Isfahan (DHI) Using the World Health Organization Quality of Life Instrument (WHOQOL-BREF). Applied Research Quality Life, 7, 371–390.
45
Nunnally, J.C. (1978). Psychometric Theory. New York: McGraw-Hill.
46
Oldenburg, R. (1990). Food, Drink, Talk, and the Third Place. Journal of Gastronomy, 6, 3-15.
47
Oldenburg, R., & Brissett, D. (1982). The Third Place. Qualitative Sociology, 5(4), 265-284.
48
Poser, S. (2011). Leisure Time and Technology.In European History Online (EGO), Published by the Institute of European History (IEG).
49
Qian, X., Yarnal, C.M., & Almeida, D. M. (2014). Is Leisure Time Availability Associated with More or Less Severe Daily Stressors?. An Examination Using Eight-Day Diary Data, Leisure Sciences, 36(1), 35–51.
50
Rahimi, A. (2016). A Methodological Approach to Urban Land-use Change Modeling Using Infill Development Pattern: A Case Study in Tabriz, Iran.Ecological Processes, 5(1).
51
Rezvani, M.R., Mansourian, H., & Sattari, M.H. (2013). Evaluating Quality of Life in Urban Areas; Case Study, Noorabad City, Iran. Social Indicators Research, 112, 203–220.
52
Rosenbaum, M.S. (2006). Exploring the Social Supportive Role of Third Places in Consumers’ Lives.Journal of Service Research, 9(1), 59-72.
53
Saey, S., & Fross, K. (2015). The Third Place Experience in Urban and Rural Coffee Shops. SOfIA Undergraduate Research Colloquium (poster).
54
Sennett, R. (1998). Der Flexible Mensch. Die Kultur Des Neuen Kapitalismus, Berlin: Berlin Verlag.
55
Simon, B. (2009). Consuming Third Place: Starbucks and the Illusion of Public Space. Public Space and the Ideology of Place in American Culture, 3, 243-261.
56
Slater, A., & Koo, H.J. (2010). A New Type of Third Place?. Journal of Place Management and Development, 3(2), 99-112.
57
Swapan, A.Y. (2013). Third Place, an Urban Regeneration Strategy. International Conference on Engineering Research, Innovation and Education. Sylhet: Bangladesh.
58
Thomas, J. E, O’Connell, B., & J.Gaskin, C. (2013). Residents’ Perceptions and Experiences of Social Interaction and Participation in Leisure Activities in Residential Aged Care. Contemporary Nurse, 45(2), 244–254.
59
Trussell, D., Sharpe, E., & Mair, H. (2011). Leisure, Space and Change: Examining the Terrain of Social Struggle and Transformation. Leisure, 35(2), 91–95.
60
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61
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63
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64
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
A New Reading of Sociable Public Spaces: The Nexus between Urban Design and Microsociology
Over the past 50 years, while the development of intermediate texture of Tehran has focused on spatial dimension and physical structure, neglecting the user experience and social dimensions has become a design challenge. This paper has focused on Social interaction in public space neighborhood via integration of social and spatial dimensions which is essential more than ever. In this paper, a research has conducted through a literature review of theoretical and experimental researches in urban design and micro-sociological researchers. The aim of this paper is to develop a new perspective for reading sociability in public spaces. For reading contemporary social spaces, this article implements the combination of two observation methods to achieve better understanding regarding sociability of the public spaces. Firstly, Direct and walk-by observation tools have been used for creating behavioral map to better understand of the relationship between the temporal and spatial forms of social settings and secondly participant observation tools have been used. For being among the participants and identify the expression of their feelings and emotions, we used informal interviews and listened to their narratives and stories. The selected case is a neighborhood that has been developed in the intermediate texture of the city, “Koy-e-Nasr”, commonly known as “Geisha”, in Tehran, Iran. Although these spaces have no significant physical features, they are more popular for including the general interest of people. The findings offer new insight on what commonly have considered about the use of public spaces and illustrate the places and their locations such as streets edges and frontages, entrances and urban equipment, and variety of active and lingering or fleeting and passive social interactions and conditions.
https://www.armanshahrjournal.com/article_64733_05ac2ee1f25983f49a7a1e0a7803625e.pdf
2018-06-20
39
49
Sociability
Social Public Spaces
Participant Observation
Direct Observation
Microsociology
Fatemeh
Dousti
1
Ph.D. Candidate of Urban Design, Department of Urban Design, Faculty of Architecture and Urban Planning, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.
LEAD_AUTHOR
Abbas
Varij Kazemi
2
Assistant Professor in Sociology, Department of Cultural Studies, Institute for Social and Cultural Studies, Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
Mostafa
Behzadfar
3
Professor of Urban Design, School of Architecture and Environmental Design, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
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46
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
A Critical Approach to the Interventions in Historical Urban Fabrics Focusing on City Competitiveness; Case Study: Central Area Surrounding the Holy Shrine, Mashhad, Iran
This paper reviews one of the main controversies in public policy, the concept of city competitiveness and how it responds to the issue of urban decline, accentuating the contribution of urban regeneration to competitiveness of cities through theoretical and case study review (Mashhad’s central historical urban fabrics). Following a review of four main urban regeneration themes within the conditions of competitiveness, a classification of the key considerations to each theme is presented in three comprehensive dimensions. Furthermore, urban interventions in historical contexts is the issue explored in Mashhad, a city envisioned to become the cultural-religious center within the Islamic world. The research seeks to explore whether the physical-spatial interventions in Mashhad’s central fabrics (considering the local existing potentials) have paved the way to the vision of a cultural-religious competitive city in the Islamic world or not. For this purpose, interventions through the city’s central historical urban fabrics within the last few decades are explored in an analytic-adaptive comparison with urban regeneration’s key considerations. It is finally revealed that urban decision-makers’ simplistic understanding towards urban competitiveness besides specialists’ negligence of the city’s local context as a competitive advantage and the conversion of pilgrimage culture to pilgrimage industry has led to a top-down bulldozing authoritative approach that not only sacrifices “socio-spatial values” for “commercial values” but also makes a distance between people and their living environment in the long run. It is highlighted that offering appropriate and possible regenerative strategies for the realization of suitable urban spaces should vary based upon given contextual capabilities and talents of each part of the city which may not be equally feasible in different cities.
https://www.armanshahrjournal.com/article_64734_8a745d246dc52cf4dac4d94c7a74a82e.pdf
2018-05-22
51
68
City Competitiveness
Culture- led Urban Regeneration
Local Context
Mashhad
The Holy Shrine of Imam Reza
Hooman
Ghahremani
hghahremani@um.ac.ir
1
Assistant Professor of Urban Design, Faculty of Architecture and Urbanism, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
LEAD_AUTHOR
Niloofar
Hashemi
2
M.A. of Urban Design, Faculty of Architecture and Urbanism, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
AUTHOR
Alexander, Ch. (2002). The Nature of Order: An Essay on the Art of Building and the Nature of the Universe.Book One, the Phenomenon of Life. Berkeley, Calif, Center for Environmental Structure.
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5
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6
Balkyte, A., & Tvaronavičiene, M. (2010). Perception of Competitiveness in the Context of Sustainable Development: Facets of Sustainable Competitiveness, Journal of Business Economics and Management, 11(2), 341-36.
7
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8
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9
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10
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11
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37
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41
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42
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Tools for the Governance of Urban Design: The Tehran Experience
This research seeks to reflect the managerial, academic and professional experience of the authors in the design and implementation process of urban design projects, aiming to use the application of the “design governance” model, in order to describe the documents and activities of the Department of Urban Planning and Architecture of Tehran Municipality in the last decade. This paper consists of three main parts. The first part introduces the model of design governance and identifies its formal and informal tools. The second part introduces design governance tools based on the experience of Tehran. The third part deals with the comparison of the tools used in Tehran municipality with the design governance model. The research method is qualitative and descriptive-analytic. The data required for research is collected from library and documents available in the Department of Urban Planning and Architecture of Tehran Municipality. Data analysis has been conducted by two methods consisting of 1- qualitative content analysis, to analyze the afore-mentioned documents, and 2- reflective practice method to reveal the empirical knowledge of the authors. Research findings indicate that prescriptive tools have had a high effect on the decision-making process. However, the activities carried out over the last 10 years to improve the quality of urban environments in Tehran indicate a tendency to use informal tools of governance, although certain legal gaps have prevented this tendency from continuing. This requires more attention from legislatures in terms of qualitative issues. Ultimately, the following conclusion is drawn: The design governance will be able to support the qualities of the urban environment if it has legislative status, while it is guided by urban management extended to other stakeholders.
https://www.armanshahrjournal.com/article_64735_51b3f9b12c7f82ba230cb4c5e812d49c.pdf
2018-06-20
69
80
Urban Governance
Design Governance
Urban Design
Formal Tool
Informal Tool
Soheila
Sadeghzadeh
s_sadeghzadeh@sbu.ac.ir
1
Ph.D. Student of Urban Design, Department of Urban and Regional Planning and Design, Faculty of Architecture and Urban Planning, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.
LEAD_AUTHOR
Kourosh
Golkar
2
Professor of Urban Design, Department of Urban and Regional Planning and Design, Faculty of Architecture and Urban Planning, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
Ali
Ghaffari
3
Professor of Urban Design, Department of Urban and Regional Planning and Design, Faculty of Architecture and Urban Planning, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran..
AUTHOR
Abdollahi, M., & Sarrafi, M. (2008). Analyzing the Concept of Citizenship and Evaluation Of Its Status in Laws, Regulations, and Urban Management of the Country. Geographical Researches, 63, 115-134.
1
Akhonadi, A., Barakpour, N., Asadi, I., Basirat, M., & Taherkhani, H. (2008). Pathology of Model of City Administration in Iran. Geographic Research Journal, 63, 135-153.
2
Barakpour, N. (2006). Urban Governance and City Administration System in Iran. Proceedings of the Conference on Urban Planning and Management, 491-514.
3
Barakpour, N., & Asadi, I. (2011). Urban Governance and Management. Tehran: Art University.
4
Behzadfar, M. (2002). Urban design: Concept of Urban Design and Definite Notions. Urban Management Journal, 9, 16-27.
5
Behzadfar, M. (2011). Urbanism Plans and Projects. (2nd edition). Tehran: Tehran Municipality Cultural and Art Organization, Nashr e Shahr Publishing House.
6
Bonakdar, A., Gharai, F., & Barakpour, N. (2012). Comparative Evaluation of Status of Urban Design Documents in the Planning Systems of Iran and England. Architecture and Urban Planning Letter, 8, 147-167.
7
Carmona, M. (2016a). Design Governance: Theorizing an Urban Design Sub-field. Journal of Urban Design, 21(6), 705-730.
8
Carmona, M. (2016b). The Formal and Informal Tools of Design Governance. Journal of Urban Design, 22(1), 1-36.
9
Carmona, M., & Tisdale, S. (2011). Reading Urban Concepts. (Kamran Zekavat and Farnaz Farshad, Trans.). Publishing Center of Shahid Beheshti University.
10
George, V. (1997). A Procedural Explanation for Contemporary Urban Design. Journal of Urban Design, 2(2), 143-161.
11
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12
Golkar, K. (2008). Urban Design of Small-plan Urban Design Policy-Makers: Operational Models for Codifying Guidance and Control Tools in Iran. Soffeh, 46, 51-66.
13
Golkar, K. (2008). Visual Environment of City, Evolution from a Decorative Approach to a Steady Approach. Journal of Environmental Sciences, 4, 95-114.
14
Golkar, K. (2011). Creation of Stable Environment: Thoughts about Urban Design Theory. Tehran: Publishing Center of Shahid Beheshti University.
15
Golkar, K. (2013). Urban Landscape and View of Tehran: An Analysis of Strategic Plan of Urban Design and Urban Landscape Management of Tehran. Architecture and Urbanism Letter, 10, 5-23.
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Iranian Superior Council of Urban Planning and Architecture. (2014). Approvals from Beginning of the Establishments Till the End of 2013 (2014): Codes and Regulations for Qualitative Improvement of Urban Townscape (12/15/2008).
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Iranian Superior Council of Urban Planning and Architecture. (2014). Approvals from Beginning of the Establishments Till the End of 2013 (2014): Definition of Urban Space (7/28/2008).
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Kazemiyan, Q.R., Salehi, E., Ayazi, M.H., Nozarpour, M., ImaniJajermi, H., Saeedi Rezvani, N., & Abdolahi, M. (2014). Urban Management: Comparative Evaluation of Urban Management System in Sample Countries. Tisa Publication.
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Lang, J. (2005). Urban Design: A typology of Procedures and Products. London Architectural Press, London.
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Planning and Budget Organization, Technical and Executive Affairs. (2016). Structural Design Guidelines, Functional and Executive Requirements, and Codes of External Facade of Buildings, Code 714.
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Report. Global Campaign on Urban Governance. Global Urban Observatory.
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Rules and Regulations of Tehran Municipality. Retrieved from Tehran.ir.
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Sadeghzadeh, S. (2012). Steps to Improve Urban Facades. Architecture and Culture Journal, 51, 74-77.
29
Safavi, S.A. (2010). Role of Urban Development Management System in Realization of Urban Design: Case Study of Iran. (Ph.D. Thesis). Shahid Beheshti University.
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Strauss, A., & Carbin, J. (2015). Principles of Qualitative Research: Techniques and Stages of Producing an Underlying Theory. (Ebrahim Afshar, Trans.). Ney Publication.
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Study and Planning Center of Tehran. (2007). Comprehensive Plan of Tehran: Strategic-Structural Plan of Development and Construction of Tehran, Approved by Urban Planning and Architecture Councils of Iran.
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Tehran Municipality. (2017). Administration of Architecture and Building. 12-year Performance Report of Tehran Municipality.
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UN-HABITAT. (2004). Urban Governance Index: Conceptual Foundation and Field Test.
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Urban Planning and Architecture Department of Tehran Municipality. (2013). Necessity of Providing Facade Plans before Issuing the Building License. Circular 1404882, Dated 3/11/2014.
35
Urban Planning and Architecture Department of Tehran Municipality. (2014a). Facade Design and Control Guidance. Circular 443664, Dated 7/16/2014.
36
Urban Planning and Architecture Department of Tehran Municipality. (2014b). Guideline for Establishing Facade Committees in 22 Districts in Tehran. Circular 800577, Dated 10/16/2014.
37
Urban Planning and Architecture Department of Tehran Municipality. (2015a). Guideline for Documents Required for Facade Committees. Circular 640156, Dated 8/22/2015.
38
Urban Planning and Architecture Department of Tehran Municipality. (2015b). Guideline of for Organizing Facades in Tehran. Circular 806852, dated 9/27/2015.
39
Urban Planning and Architecture Department of Tehran Municipality. (2015c). Providing Facade Plans. Circular 1565666, Dated 3/5/2016.
40
Urban Planning and Architecture Department of Tehran Municipality. (2016). Necessity of Presence of Designers in Meetings of Facade Committees. Circular 105062, Dated 11/12/2016.
41
Urban Planning and Architecture Department of Tehran Municipality. (2017). Installation of the Approved Facade in Building Workshops. Circular 107261, Dated 4/26/2017.
42
Urban Planning and Architecture Department of Tehran Municipality. (2017). Registration of Approved Facades of Facade Committees in GIS Layer of Map of the District. Circular 448809, Dated 7/15/2017.
43
Urban Planning and Architecture Department of Tehran. (2017). Annual Performance Report.
44
Zekavat, K. (2002). Urban Design and Content Emphases in Guidance System. Urban Management Journal, 95, 28-43.
45
Zekavat, K. (2005). Status of Design Policies in Guidance and Leadership System of Urban Design. Urbanism Query Journal, 13 & 14, 90-97.
46
Zekavat, K. (2015). Dimensions of Quality of Environment in Urban Design: An Introduction to Methods and Techniques of Urban Design. Azarakhsh Publication.
47
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Understanding Temporal Human Mobility Patterns in a City by Mobile Cellular Data Mining, Case Study: Tehran City
Recent studies have shown that urban complex behaviors like human mobility should be examined by newer and smarter methods. The ubiquitous use of mobile phones and other smart communication devices helps us use a bigger amount of data that can be browsed by the hours of the day, the days of the week, geographic area, meteorological conditions, and so on. In this article, mobile cellular data mining is introduced as an emerging approach in analyzing and understanding human mobility patterns, then generic location update is examined as a way to observe and perceive human mobility and movement in cities. This method was examined in Tehran metropolitan area map, the results show that different urban issues can be understood and solved using this huge amount of data like urban transportation, social problems or urban functions. Tehran cellular data analysis shows that it can be recognized as a city in two major parts, the border zone which is mostly the origin of all trips and the central zone which is mostly the destination of all trips and the most visited hotspot of the city during a normal day, also it was concluded that because of low population density in this part of the city and very high human mobility throughout a day, this area would have many social security issues. In the end, taking advantage of more accurate data in cell level was proposed in order to have better and more reliable assumptions about future mobility trends and co-presence patterns.
https://www.armanshahrjournal.com/article_64736_10458052414c12a30619136afaf3aeb4.pdf
2018-06-20
81
94
Mobile Cellular Data
complexity
Spatial Data Mining
Location Update
Human Mobility Patterns
Abbas
Azari
1
Ph.D. Candidate in Urbanism, Nazar Research Center, Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
Mehdi
Mirmoini
p.mirmoini@gmail.com
2
M.A. of Urban Planning, School of Architecture and Environmental Design, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran.,.
LEAD_AUTHOR
Shadi
Mohammadi Oujan
3
M.A. of Urban Planning, School of Architecture and Environmental Design, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
Albeverio, S., Andrey, D., Giordano, P., & Vancheri, A. (2008). The Dynamics of Complex Urban Systems, Springer.
1
Barabasi, A.L., Song, C., Qu, Z., & Blumm, N. (2010). Limits of Predictability in Human Mobility. Science, 327(5968), 1018-21.
2
Batty, M. (2011). Building a Science of Cities. Cities, 10(1016), 1-8
3
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ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Knowledge-based Activities of Site Selection by Fuzzy ELECTRE Method, Case Study: Tehran Metropolitan Area
This research aims to identify the economic logic in the process of locating and the spatial transmitting of the knowledge-based institutions in Iran while on the macro and micro levels, it seeks to find an optimal location for the knowledge-based activities in Tehran. The research method is mixed and statistical population of this research includes a number of 879 knowledge-based companies which are officially registered in the vice-president of the information technology ministry. In order to identify the impactful criteria on site selection of the corporations in Iran, Delphi method is used. The sample size for the Delphi method includes 50 samples; interviews with managers in the knowledge-based companies. In order to set the extracted priority of the criteria, the Shannon entropy method and MCDM software was employed, then selection of different regions with higher priority was done by overlaying and using the Fuzzy ELECTRE method. On the second step, the mentioned bank of data was setup in GIS using the data from 2010 census and field research, finally a number of locations was specified for the optimal settlement of knowledge-based institutions by using Fuzzy ELECTRE method. Results show that the advantages of using the localization economies are playing a bolder role in site selecting rather than the advantages from the urbanization economies. Results of the local analysis show that the district 5, 2 & 4 have the most attraction for the settlement of active institutions in the field of knowledge.
https://www.armanshahrjournal.com/article_64737_10a140dca43bbeadc9f0936b2489052b.pdf
2018-05-22
95
106
Knowledge Economy
Knowledge-based Activities
Fuzzy ELECTRE Method
Localization Economies
Tehran Metropolitan Area
Milad
Homafar
1
Ph.D. in Urbanism, Department of Urbanism, Qazvin Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qazvin, Iran.
AUTHOR
Mohammad Reza
Pourjafar
pourja_m@modares.ac.ir
2
Full Professor of Urban Design, School of Art, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
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