مطالعه تطبیقی کارکردهای تمثیل با رویکرد بیان معنا در معماری ایرانی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دکتری معماری، دانشکده هنر و معماری، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران

2 استاد گروه معماری، دانشکده هنر و معماری، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران

3 دانشیار گروه پژوهش هنر، دانشکده هنر و معماری، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران

چکیده

پدیده‌های موجود در عالم مراتب مختلفی از مادی تا معنایی دارند که به صورت ظاهر و باطن یا «صورت» و «معنا» شناخته شده و بر اساس جهان‌بینی افراد ادراک می‌شوند. در معماری نیز آثار کالبدی، محل تجلی معانی در سطوح مختلف می‌باشند. بنابراین آنچه که اهمیت ویژه‌ای دارد، کسب آگاهی نسبت به چگونگی بیان معانی برای طراحان می‌باشد. شیوه‌های مختلفی برای انتقال معنا در حوزه‌های ادبی و هنری وجود دارد که تمثیل به‌عنوان یکی از این روش‌ها مطرح است. هدف این مقاله تبیین نقش تمثیل و کاربست آن در آثار معماری می‌باشد. به این منظور به ویژگی‌های مفهومی و ساختاری تمثیل در سایر حوزه‌ها پرداخته شده‌است تا با مطالعه‌ای تطبیقی، خلأ نظری و معرفتی کاربرد آن در زمینه معماری پر شود و راه برای خلق آثار معماری فاخر و درک معانی مستتر در کالبد‌های موجود هموارتر شود. این مقاله که به روش توصیفی، تحلیلی و با رویکرد کیفی انجام یافته؛ به بررسی تطبیقی نحوه کاربرد تمثیل در ادبیات، هنر و معماری پرداخته است تا به پرسش اصلی درباره چگونگی نقش و کاربرد تمثیل در بیان معنا پاسخ دهد. نتایج تحلیل‌ها نشان داد که تمثیل، از طریق محسوس نمودن مفاهیم ذهنی، نقش مهمی در ادراک‌پذیر نمودن معنا در سطوح مختلف دارد. تمثیل در آثار معماری نیز با استفاده از تصاویر عینی، تصویری ذهنی از مفاهیم، در اندیشه مخاطب ایجاد می‌کند که اثری ماندگار در ذهن خواهد داشت. همچنین یافته‌ها حاکی از آن است که تمثیل با نقشی متمایز از نمادها و نشانه‌ها، که کارکرد انتزاعی‌تری دارند، با عینیت‌بخشی و تصویرسازی مفاهیم عمیق و با داشتن قابلیت مهم «استدلال‌پذیری» سبب درک معانی با به‌کارگیری قوه عقل می‌شود. مهم‌ترین تمثیل‌های به کار رفته در معماری ایرانی، اصل توحید را به مثابه بالاترین مرتبه حقیقت و معنا بیان می‌کنند

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

A Comparative Study of Function of Allegory in Expression of Meaning (With an emphasis on Iranian Architecture)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Somayeh Sadrykia 1
  • Mohammadreza Bemanian 2
  • Hasanali Pourmand 3
1 Ph.D. of Architecture, Faculty of Art and Architecture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
2 Professor of Architecture, Faculty of Art and Architecture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
3 Associate Professor of Art Research, Faculty of Art and Architecture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

Every phenomenon in the world has various levels of meaning, from material to spiritual meaning, which are known as appearance and inwardness or “form” and “semantic features” and are perceived according to individuals’ worldview. In architecture, buildings indicate the meanings at different levels. So what is of particular importance for designer is to gain an understanding of various ways to express meanings. Allegory is one of the various ways to express meanings in the disciplines of literature and art. The present study aims to explain the role of allegory and its application in architecture. To this end, the conceptual and structural properties of allegory in other fields are investigated to fill the theoretical and epistemological gap of its application in architecture using a comparative study. This is also helpful in paving the way to create magnificent buildings as well as in understanding the meanings latent in buildings more deeply. The present study is descriptive, analytical and qualitative research in which the applications of allegory in literature, art, and architecture are compared to answer the key question of what the role of allegory in the expression of meaning. The results of the analyses showed that the allegory plays a key role in the perception of meanings at different levels by making mental concepts more tangible. In architecture, using objective images, allegory creates the intellectual and mental images of the concepts in the audience’s mind and such images have a long lasting effect on the mind. The findings also suggest that the allegory, with a role different from symbols and signs, which have a more abstract function, objectifies and visualizes deep meanings and thereby enabling individuals to understand the meanings using their reasoning. The most important allegories used in Iranian architecture express the monotheism as the highest level of truth and meaning.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Meaning
  • Allegory
  • Architecture
 
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