بررسی نقش محیط کالبدی معماری بر درمان اختلال اوتیسم در کودکان 4 تا 10 سال در شهر ارومیه

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار گروه معماری، دانشکده هنر و معماری، واحد شبستر، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، شبستر، ایران

2 دانشجوی دکتری معماری، دانشکده هنر و معماری، واحد شبستر، دانشگاه ازاد اسلامی، شبستر، ایران.

چکیده

این پژوهش به منظور بررسی تأثیر مؤلفه‌های محیط کالبدی معماری بر درمان اختلال اوتیسم در کودکان 4 تا 10 سال انجام گرفته است. با اعمال طرح نیمه آزمایشی از میان مراجعه‌کنندگان به مرکز بهزیستی استان آذربایجان غربی در شهر ارومیه، 24 نفر انتخاب و به صورت تصادفی ساده در دو گروه 12 نفره آزمایش و کنترل جایگزین شدند. ابتدا از هر گروه توسط پرسشنامه کانرز، فرم والدین، پیش‌آزمون گرفته شد و پس از اعمال تغییراتی در محیط کالبدی منزل و فضای آموزشی کودکان گروه آزمایش و انجام توصیه‌هایی در این راستا توسط والدین و مربی کودک، حدود 6 هفته بعد، از هر دو گروه پس‌آزمون گرفته شد و نتایج با استفاده از تحلیل کواریانس توسط نرم افزار spss18 تحلیل شد، یافته‌های تحقیق نشان داد که استفاده از نور طبیعی، داشتن ارتباط بصری و شنیداری با فضای بیرون از خانه و داشتن دید به طبیعت از طریق پنجره اتاق کودک، اثر مثبت استفاده از طیف رنگ‌های صورتی و بنفش، اختصاص فضای کافی برای پرداختن به فعالیت فیزیکی، ترغیب کودک به انجام فعالیت و تکالیف درسی خود در فضای طبیعی و باز و نیز پرداختن به بازی‌های هدفمند در محیط طبیعی و سبز خارج از منزل، وجود گیاهان و بوته‌های کوچک در داخل حیاط ساختمان و امکان ارتباط کودک با آنان می‌تواند باعث کاهش معنی‌دار شدت علایم ads می‌شود. با توجه به تفاوت معنی دار این گروه‌های آزمایش و  کنترل می‌توان اذعان داشت طراحی صحیح مسکن و فصاهای آموزشی و اهمیت دادن به کیفیت فضاها، ممکن است به کاهش نشانه‌های اختلال اوتیسم کودکان کمک کرد

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

The Role of Physical Architectural Environment on Treatment of Autism Disorder in 4-10-Year-Old Children in Urmia

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mehrvash Kazemi Shishavan 1
  • Sepideh Sharif Khajehpasha 2
1 Assistant Professor of Architecture, Faculty of Art and Architecture, Shabestar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shabestar, Iran
2 Ph.D. Candidate of Architecture, Faculty of Art and Architecture, Shabestar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shabestar, Iran
چکیده [English]

This study was done to evaluate the effect of physical architecture components on the treatment of autism disorder in children aged 4 to 10 years old. Using a semi-experimental design, 24 participants were selected from people referring to West Azarbaijan Welfare Center in Urmia city and were randomly divided into two experimental and control groups (n=12 in each group). At first, each group was given a pre-test by Conners Questionnaire, Parent Form, and after making changes to the physical environment of the experimental group’s home and learning environment and making recommendations in this regard by their parents and caregivers, post-test was taken from both groups after 6 weeks and the results were analyzed by covariance analysis using spss18 software. The research findings showed that natural light, audio and visual connection to the outdoors, a view of nature from the child’s bedroom window, the the pink and purple color spectrum, enough space for physical activity, encouraging the child to do their outdoor activities and homework as well as targeted games in the natural and green outdoors, the presence of small plants and shrubs in the courtyard and the ability of the child to interact with them can significantly reduce the severity of ADS symptoms. Regarding the significant difference between these experimental and control groups, it can be concluded that proper design of housing and educational facilities and attention to the quality of spaces may help to reduce the symptoms of autism in children

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Autism Disorder
  • Therapist
  • Effective Architecture
  • Physical Environment Components
  • Training Center
  • Rehabilitation Center

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http:// www.hedearchitects.com
معماری و شهرسازی آرمان شهر
دوره 12، شماره 29
اسفند 1398
صفحه 153-166

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سابقه مقاله

  • تاریخ دریافت: 21 فروردین 1396
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 15 مرداد 1396
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 16 مهر 1396

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