بازشناسی ارزش‌های معماری ایرانی مؤثر بر طراحی هتل‌های تجاری از منظر گردشگران خارجی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 کارشناس ارشد مهندسی معماری، دانشکده معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تهران شمال، تهران، ایران

2 دانشجوی دکتری معماری، دانشکده معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه شهید رجایی، تهران، ایران.

3 مربی معماری، دانشکده معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد پرند، تهران، ایران.

چکیده

در سال‌های اخیر شاهد رشد گردشگری تجاری هستیم که این موضوع نیازمند تأمین زیرساخت‌های محیطی به‌خصوص توسعه  هتل‌های تجاری است. اما در معماری هتل‌های موجود کمتر به هویت ایرانی هتل در جذب گردشگر توجه شده است. این در حالی است که معماری سنتی ایران به‌عنوان یکی از با ارزش‌ترین میراث‌های فرهنگ جهانی، این قابلیت را دارد که در طراحی هتل‌های تجاری موردتوجه قرار گیرد تا موجب افزایش حضور گردشگران و تعاملات اقتصادی و فرهنگی شود. هدف از این پژوهش، معرفی ارزش‌های کالبدی معماری ایرانی در جهت هویت بخشی به محیط هتل‌های تجاری است. از روش کمی در این تحقیق استفاده‌شده است بدین ترتیب که در ابتدا برای یافتن ارزش‌های کالبدی معماری ایرانی، به مطالعه تحقیقات معتبر در این حوزه پرداخته شد. در مرحله بعد با همکاری پنج متخصص در حوزه معماری ایرانی، پرسشنامه‌ای با 29 مؤلفه و ضریب آلفای کرونباخ 86/0 در پنج بخش (کاربری، بافت شهری، ترکیب رنگ، مصالح و دوره‌های تاریخی) طراحی شد. از آنجایی‌که اطلاعات دقیقی در مورد جامعه آماری وجود نداشت، از روش تعیین حجم نمونه جامعه نامعلوم استفاده شد و در نهایت به‌منظور نگرش‌سنجی از گردشگران خارجی مقیم هتل‌های شهر تهران، 201 پرسشنامه توزیع و برای تحلیل آن از نرم‌افزار SPSS استفاده شد. تحلیل نتایج تحقیق نشان می‌دهد که به ترتیب نقوش هندسی (استفاده‌شده در مصالح و پوشش سقف)، حس مکان و رنگ ارزش‌های هویت‌بخش معماری ایرانی از منظر گردشگران خارجی هستند. همچنین گردشگران به فضاهای رنگین با نقوش هندسی و با قرابت به ویژگی‌های کالبدی دوره‌های تاریخی قاجاریه، صفویه و هخامنشی گرایش دارند. بنابراین بهره‌گیری از ارزش‌های کالبدی منتخب گردشگران خارجی می‌تواند در طراحی محیط هتل‌های تجاری موردتوجه قرار گیرد

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Recognition of the Values of Iranian Architecture Affecting the Design of Commercial Hotels from Foreign Tourists’ Perspective

نویسندگان [English]

  • Arezoo Moradi 1
  • Hossein Bagheri 2
  • Hooman Malayeri 3
1 M.A. of Architecture Engineering, Faculty of Architecture and Urbanism, Islamic Azad University, North Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran
2 Ph.D. Student of Architecture, Faculty of Architecture and Urban Design Engineering, Shahid Rajaee University, Tehran, Iran
3 Instructor of Architecture, Faculty of Architecture and Urbanism, Islamic Azad University, Parand Branch, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

In recent years, the growth of commercial tourism is observed, which demands the provision of environmental sub-structures specially the development of commercial hotels. However, in current hotels’ architecture, less attention has been paid to the Iranian identity in taking the attraction of tourists. On the other hand, traditional Iranian architecture, as one of the most valuable world cultural heritage has the ability to be considered in designing commercial hotels so that it may lead to the increase of tourists’ presence as well as economic and cultural interactions. This research aimed at introducing physical values of Iranian architecture to create identity in commercial hotels’ environment. Quantitative method was utilized in this study so that at first, to find physical values of Iranian architecture, valid researches in this field were studied. Later on, having cooperated with five experts in terms of Iranian architecture, a questionnaire was designed in five parts (function, urban fabric, color combination, materials and historical periods), which had 29 items and its Cronbach alpha was 0.86. Since there was no exact data regarding the statistical population, to determine the sample volume, unknown community method was used. Moreover, to measure the attitudes of foreign tourists residing in the hotels of Tehran, 201 questionnaires were distributed and they were analyzed using SPSS software. The analysis of the results of research indicated that geometric designs (that have been used in materials and roof coatings), sense of place and color, were respectively, among identity creating values of Iranian architecture according to foreign tourists. Furthermore, tourists were more inclined toward colorful spaces with geometric designs as well as physical features of historical periods including Qajar, Safavid and Achaemenid dynasties. Therefore, exploiting physical values selected by foreign tourists can be considered in designing commercial hotels’ environment

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Iranian Architecture
  • Physical Values
  • Foreign Tourists
  • Commercial Hotels
Amiri Parian, P., & Kiani, Z. (2016). Spatial-social Centers, Urban Areas Influencing the Promotion of Social Sustainability Indicators, Fourth International Congress on Civil, Architecture and Urban Development, Tehran, Permanent Secretariat of the Conference, Shahid Beheshti University. https://www.civilica.com/Paper-ICSAU04-ICSAU04_1054.html
Ardalan, N., & Bakhtiar, L. (2012). The Sense of Unity: The Sufi Tradition in Persian Architecture. (V. Jalili, Trans.). Tehran: Elm Memar Royal. 
Bonner, J. (2012). Creating Non-systematic Islamic Geometric Patterns with Complex Combinations of Star Forms. Available from: https://archive.bridgesmathart.org/2012/bridges2012-593.pdf
Ekhlassi, A., Mofidi Shemirani, M., & Anbari Ruzbahani, N. (2014). Algorithmic Design Approach (ADA) and Iranian Daylighting Techniques: How a Contemporary Transparent Façade Could Be Evolved From a Previous Solution. Armanshahr Architecture & Urban Development, 7(1), 25-35. http://www.armanshahrjournal.com/article_39217_en.html
Ghadami, M., Sarafizadeh, A., & Madani, A. (2011). Designing a Domestic Model for Classification and Grading Hotels in Iran. Journal of Cultural Management, 5(1), 76-88. http://jcm.srbiau.ac.ir/article_3503.html
Goeldner, C.R., & Ritchie Brent, J.R. (2009). Tourism: Principles, Practices, Philosophies (11th ed). New York, John Wiley and Sons, Inc, Hoboken. 
Gorji Mahlabani, Y., & Sanaei, E. (2010). Compatible Architecture Survey with Kandovan Village Climate. JHRE. 29 (129), 2-19. http://jhre.ir/browse.php?a_id=42&sid=1&slc_lang=en
Habibzadeh Koozehkonani, J., & Abdollahzadehtaraf, A. (2016). Urban Street Design in order to improve the sense of place, Case stady: Golshan e Raz Street of Shabestar. Journal Management System, 7(25), 105-124. http://jupm.miau.ac.ir/article_1983_en.html
Hejazi, M. (2008). Sacred Geometry in Nature and Persian Architecture. History of Science, 6(2). https://jihs.ut.ac.ir/article_22386.html
Jalilian, M. (2015). Shoushtar New Town: A Sample of Sustainability in Iranian Contemporary Architecture. Matter: International Journal of Science and Technology, 1(1). Retrieved from https://grdspublishing.org/index.php/matter/article/view/99
Javanforozandeh, A., & Motalebi, Gh. (2012). The Concept of Place Attachment and its Elements. Hoviatshahr, 5(8), 27-37. http://hoviatshahr.srbiau.ac.ir/article_1146.html
Kharazmi, M., & Afhami, R. (2010). Geometry in pre-islamic Iranian architectural ornamentation. Ketab-e Mah-e Olom va Fonon, 2 (129), 8-13. https://www.noormags.ir/view/fa/articlepage/32562/8/image
Kiani, Z., & Amiriparyan, P. (2016). The Structural and Spatial Analysing of Fractal Geometry in Organizing of Iranian Traditional Architecture. Journal of Procedia-Social and Behavioral Science, 216, 766-777. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.12.074
Lee, C.C., & Chang, C. P. (2008). Tourism Development and Economic Growth: A Closer Look at Panels. Tourism Management, 29(1), 180–192. Doi: 10.1016/j.tourman.2007.02.013 
Mahdavinejad, M., & Matoor, S. (2012). The Quality of Light-openings in Iranian Domes (With the Structural Approach). Journal of Naqshejahan. 2 (2), 31-42. https://bsnt.modares.ac.ir/browse.php?a_id=3310&sid=2&slc_lang=en
Majlessi, A., Ansari, M., Bemanian, M., & Fakhar Tehrani, F. (2013). Features of Earliest Park in Tehran: Amin-o-Dolleh Park. The Monthly Scientific Journal of Bagh- E Nazar, 10(25), 3-16. http://www.bagh-sj.com/article_2927.html
Memarian, Gh. (2012). Iranian architecture: Niaresh. (Hadi Safaeipour). Tehran: Naghmeh Now-Andish. 
MohammadGholipour, M., &AkbariBaseri, G. (2015). The Design of the Tri-color Order of Iranian Architecture in Safavid Era according to Three Gunas Theory of Intuitive Theosophy of India. Armanshahr Architecture & Urban Development, 8, 35-52. http://www.armanshahrjournal.com/article_39298.html
Nastaran, M., & Rezaii Shahabi, R. (2009). An Analysis of Multiplier Coefficients Technique in Tourism Development in the State of East Azerbaijan. Armanshahr Architecture & Urban Development, 2(2), 1-8. http://www.armanshahrjournal.com/article_32156.html
Navaei, K., & Haji Qassemi, K. (2012). Khesht-o Khial: An Interpretation of Iranian Islamic Architecture,Tehran: Soroush.
Navaei, K. (1999). Looking for Insider Architecture, Journal of Architecture and Urbanism, 50 - 51. 
Nazari, S., Mazaherian, H., Memarian, Gh., & Kazempour, H. (2017). Typology and Geometrical and Structural Analysis of Yazdi-bandi in Iranian Architecture. HONAR-HA-YE-ZIBA: Memary Va Shahrsazi, 22(1), 53-64. doi: 10.22059/jfaup.2017.62265
Nesbitt, K. (2014). Theorizing a New Agenda for Architecture an Anthology of Architectural Theory, (MR. Shirazi, Trans.). Tehran: Ney.
Papeli Yazdi, M.H., & Saghaei, M. (2007).Tourism (Entity and Concepts), Samt, Tehran, 12-13.
Ralph, E.C. (1976). Place and Placelessness. 1st Edn. Routledge Kegan and Paul, London, ISBN: 0850860555, 156.
Rezaeinia, A. (2017). The Form of Iwan in the Context of Iranian Architecture, From the beginning to the early Islamic Centuries, Journal of Iranian Architecture Studies, 1(11),125-144. http://jias.kashanu.ac.ir/article-1-1384-en.html
Rezvani, A.A. (1995). Geography & Tourism Industry, First Edition, Payame Noor University publication.
Saeidian, A., Gholi, M., Zamani, E., & Bemanian, M. (2013). Evolution of Ourchin Dome on the Basis of the Effective Factors Shaping an Architectural Symbol. Armanshahr Architecture & Urban Development, 5(9), 111-127. http://www.armanshahrjournal.com/article_33223.html
Safaeipour, H., Memarian,Gh., & Bemanian, M. (2013). Role of Vaults in the Design System of Persian Architecture, Mahe Honar book, (180), 12-20.
Sajjadzadeh, H. (2013). Role of Place Attachment in Making Identity for Urban Squares (A Case Study: Avicenna Square, Hamedan). The Monthly Scientific Journal of Bagh- E Nazar, 10(25), 69-78. http://www.bagh-sj.com/article_2933.html
Sattari Sarbangholi, H., & Shahed, M. (2013). Survey Conducted on the Similarities between the Concepts of Iranian Music and Iranian Garden Architecture (Case Study: Kashan’s Bagheh Fin Garden). Armanshahr Architecture & Urban Development, 5(9), 97-110. http://www.armanshahrjournal.com/article_33220_en.html
Shahcheraghi, A. (2009). Analysing the Perception Process of Persian Garden ̓ s Environment Based on Psychological and Ecological Theory. Journal of HoviatShahr, 3 (5), 71-84. http://hoviatshahr.srbiau.ac.ir/article_1113.html
Silvayeh, S., Daneshjoo, K., & Farmahin Farahani, S. (2013). Geometry in pre-islamic Iranian Architecture and Its Manifestation in Contemporary Iranian Architecture. Journal of Naqshejahan, 3(1), 55-66. http://journals.modares.ac.ir/article-2-6205-en.html
Shayesteh Far, M., & Behzadi, M. (2014). Color Coordination and Role in Decorations of Yazd, Zilo and Pottery mosque in Yazd. Islamic Art Studies.
Soltanzadeh, H. (2006). Reflecting the Traditional in Contemporary Architecture of Iran. Journal of Architecture & Culture, 7(25).
Taban, M., Pourjafar, M., Bemanian, M., & Heidary, S. (2014). Determining Optimal Courtyard Pattern in Dezful Traditional Houses by Relying on Shadow Analysis. The Monthly Scientific Journal of Bagh- E Nazar, 10 (27), 39-48. http://www.bagh-sj.com/article_3966.html
Webster, P. (2013). Fractal Islamic Geometric Patterns Based on Arrangements of {n/2} Stars. Proceedings of Bridges; Mathematics, Music, Art, Architecture, Culture. 15th Annual Bridges Conference at Towson University, Maryland, USA, 2012. https://archive.bridgesmathart.org/2013/bridges2013-87.pdf
Williams, D.R., & Vaske, J.J. (2003). The measurement of Place Attachment: Validity and Generalizability of a Psychometric Approach. https://www.fs.fed.us/rm/value/docs/psychometric_place_attachment_measurement.pdf