تدوین الگوی ماندگاری ادراکی در معماری بر اساس روش نظریه‌پردازی داده‌بنیاد متنی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری معماری، دانشکده عمران، معماری و هنر، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران

2 استادیار گروه معماری، دانشکده هنر و معماری، واحد تهران جنوب، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران

3 دانشیار گروه پژوهش هنر، دانشکده هنر و معماری، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران

چکیده

امروزه یکی از مهم‌ترین مسائلی که نظر معماران را به خود جلب نموده است، مسئله لزوم جاودانگی در معماری معاصر است. بسیاری از آثاری که خلق می‌شوند، حتی اگر در یک مقطع زمانی پذیرفته شوند، به بی‌زمانی و جاودانگی راه نمی‌برند. اگرچه در سال‌های اخیر برخی از همایش‌ها و گردهمایی‌ها با بررسی آثار جاودانه معماری در این راستا سعی در یافتن چگونگی خلق یک اثر جاودانه در حوزه معماری داشته‌اند، با این وجود هنوز هم فقدان الگویی مناسب حاصل از مطالعه و بررسی در راستای چگونگی دستیابی به ماندگاری و جاودانگی (ماندگاری تا بی‌نهایت) در آثار معماری کاملاً احساس می‌شود. از آنجا که ماندگاری در معماری را از دو بعد می‌توان بررسی کرد: ماندگاری کالبدی و ماندگاری ادراکی. مقاله حاضر قصد دارد، با انجام پژوهش بر روی بعد ‌ماندگاری ادراکی‌ و چگونگی دستیابی به آن، راه‌حلی کاربردی به منظور برون‌رفت از این مسئله را ارائه دهد، تا از این طریق بتوان به ساخت فضاهایی دست یافت، که به نیازهای روحی و درونی انسان در هر زمان پاسخ مثبت دهد، و با طیف وسیعی از انسان‌ها ارتباط بر قرار کند. جهت تبیین مسئله پژوهش، از روش نظریه‌پردازی داده‌بنیاد متنی استفاده شده است. یافته‌های حاصل از پژوهش منجر به تدوین نظریه ماندگاری ادراکی در قالب یک الگوی کدگذاری و نگارش روابط آن‌ها با یکدیگر شده است. نتایج پژوهش نیز بر این مهم استوار است، که استفاده از الگوهای مشترک آثار ماندگار، شرط لازم برای ماندگاری ادراکی در معماری می‌باشد، اما شرط کافی نیست. آنچه که الگوهای مشترک را زنده نگه می‌دارد، استفاده از معنا و توجه به فطرت انسان در قالب رمز و نماد است که با اثرگذاری دو عامل فرهنگ و معنویت بر آن، در کالبد بنا حضور می‌یابد

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Development of a Model of Perceptual Persistence in Architecture Using the Grounded Theory Method

نویسندگان [English]

  • Atieh Malakavarzamani 1
  • Jaleh Sabernejad 2
  • Hassanali Pourmand 3
1 Ph.D. Student of Architecture, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Architecture and Art, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
2 Assistant Professor of Architecture, Faculty of Art and Architecture, South Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
3 Associate Professor of Art Research, Faculty of Art and Architecture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

Nowadays, the need for eternity in contemporary architecture is one of the most important issues that attract architects. Many of the architectural works do not reach timelessness and eternity, even if accepted at a certain period. Although in recent years some conferences and congresses on architecture have tried to find out how to create an eternal work in the field of architecture by examining eternal architectural works, there is still a lack of a suitable model for studying how to achieve eternity and persistence in architectural works. Since in architecture, persistence can be examined in two aspects: physical persistence and perceptual persistence, the present study aims to provide a practical solution to this problem by studying perceptual persistence and how to achieve it, in order to provide spaces that meet the spiritual and internal needs of human beings positively at all times, and communicate with a wide range of people. To explain the research problem, the grounded theory method is used. The findings of the study result in the development of a theory of perceptual persistence in the form of a coding pattern and the relationships between codes. The results of the study are also based on the important point that using patterns common among eternal works is a prerequisite for perceptual persistence in architecture, but not a sufficient condition. What keeps common patterns alive is the use of meaning and attention to human nature in the form of code and symbol, which are present in the building body under the influence of the two factors of culture and spirituality.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Persistence
  • Perception
  • Perceptual Persistence
  • Grounded Theory
  • Architecture
Abbakhshaei, Z., & Turkaman, M. (2013). Immortality of Architectural Buildings in the Shadow and Body of Islam. Second National Conference on Islamic Architecture and Urban Planning. https://www.civilica.com/Paper-IAU02-IAU02_234.html
Alexander, C. (2013). Architecture and the Secret of Immortality; The Timless Way of Building‬. (M. Ghayoumi Bidhendi, Trans.). Tehran: Shahid Beheshti University.
Barati, N., & Soleyman Nejad, M.A. (2012). Perception of Stimuli in a Controlled Environment and the Impact of Gender on It (Study Sample: Students of the Faculty of Architecture and Urban Planning, Imam Khomeini International University). Journal of BAGH-E-NAZAR, 8 (17), 19-30. http://ensani.ir/fa/article/
Behbudi, R. (2012). The Perception of the Architectural; Study to Measure the Perception of European Tourists from Iranian-Islamic Architecture in Isfahan. Journal of Architecture Fine Arts, 17 (3), 41-48. https://jfaup.ut.ac.ir/article_30372.html
Cassirer, E. (1925). The Philosophy of Symbolic Forms. (Y. Mooghen, Trans.). Tehran: Hermes.
Creswell, J.W. (2005). Educational Research: Planning, Conducting, and Evaluating Quantitative and Qualitative Research. Upper Saddle River‬: ‎Merrill‬.
Danaeifar, H., & Emami, S.M. (2007). Qualitative Research Strategies: A Factor on the Grounded Theory. Journal of Thought Management, 1(2), 69-97. http://smt.journals.isu.ac.ir/article_104.html
Daryani, F., PourJafar, M.R., & Ghobadi, A. (2015). The Concept of Persistence in Islamic Architecture and Its Comparison with the Concept of Sustainability in Contemporary Architecture. Journal of Islamic Architecture Research, 2(5), 32-46. http://jria.iust.ac.ir/article-1-109-fa.html&sw
Ershad, M.H. (2007). The Scope of the Myth (Interview with Hora Yavari). Tehran: Hermes.
Falahat, M. (2006). The Concept of Place Sense and Its Constituent Factors. Journal of Architecture Fine Arts, (26), 57-66. https://www.sid.ir/fa/journal/ViewPaper.aspx?id=49948
Gholabchi, M., & Zeynali Farid, A. (2012). Archetypal Architecture. Tehran: Tehran University.
Grutter, J. (2008). Architectural aesthetics. (J. Pakzad, & H. Abdolreza, Trans.). Tehran: Shahid Beheshti University.
Izadi, M.S., & Haghi, M.H. (2015). Improvement of Sense of Security in Public Spaces through Urban Design, Case Study: Imam Square in Hamadan. HONAR-HA-YE-ZIBA, 2(20), 5-12. https://jfaup.ut.ac.ir/article_56713.html
Kashi, H., & Bonyadi, N. (2013). Stating the Model of Identity of Place-Sense of Place and Surveying its Constituents; Case Study: Pedestrian Passage of Shahre Rey. HONAR-HA-YE-ZIBA. 18(3), 43-52. https://jfaup.ut.ac.ir/article_51317.html
Kazemi, A., & Behzadfar, M. (2013). Recognition of the System of Environmental Meanings in Historical Environments with Emphasis on the Social Developments of the Audience. Case study: Sighlan Neighborhood of Rasht. Journal of Urban Studies. (6), 75-87. http://urbstudies.uok.ac.ir/article_5567.html 
Kazemi, S.M., & Kalantari Khalilabad, H. (2011). Spiritual Message Conveying Instruments in the Architecture of a Mosque with an Emphasize on the Role of Islamic Ideology. Quarterly Journal of Islamic Iranian City Studies, 6, 41-46. http://noo.rs/dL0fr
Lang, J. (2009). The Creation of Architectural Theory, the Role of Behavioral Science in Environmental Design. (A.R. Eynifar, Trans.). Tehran: Tehran University.
Lawson, B. (2012). The Language of Space. (A. Aeinifar, & F. Karimian, Trans.). Tehran: Tehran University.
Mazlomi, S.M. (2011). Influence Perceptions of Mental Aspects of Sense of Place in Urban Residential Neighborhoods. Journal of Urban Planning and Research, 1(3), 131-150. https://www.sid.ir/en/journal/ViewPaper.aspx?ID=304360
Mehrabi, A., Khanifar, H., Amiri, A., Zarei Matin, H., & Ghandaghi, G.H. (2011). An Introduction to the Methodology of Grounded Theory for Islamic Research (Presentation of a Sample). Journal of Organizational Culture Management, 9(23), 5-30. https://jomc.ut.ac.ir/article_28780.html
Mirkarimi, M., & Isham, M. (2015). A Conceptual Model to Evaluate the Sense of Place Using Four Factors of Perceptual, Physical, Social and Functional (the Case study of Imam Street in Urmia, Iran). Quarterly Journal of Urban Studies, 5(19), 69-79. http://urbstudies.uok.ac.ir/article_33399.html 
Mortazavi, S. (2002). Environmental Psychology and its Application. Tehran: Shahid Beheshti University.
Nadimi, M., Mangari. K., & Mohammadi, A. (2013). Atwar Center, an analysis of the concept of the center in architecture. Iranian Architectural Studies, 1(5), 115-129. http://jias.kashanu.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-27-36&slc_lang=fa&sid=1
Naghizadeh, M., & Ostadi, M. (2014). A Comparative Analysis of the Notion of Perception and Its Process in Environmental Psychology and Philosophy with an Emphasis on Its Application to Urban Design. Journal of Islamic Architecture Research, 1(3), 3-14. http://jria.iust.ac.ir/article-1-151-fa.html&sw
Noghrekar, A.H., Hamze Nejad, M., & Foruzandeh, I. (2009). Eternity Secret of Architectural Works (In Modernism, Post Modernism and More Inclusive View). Journal of BAGH-E NAZAR , 6(12), 31-44. http://www.bagh-sj.com/article_31.html 
Pakzad, J. (2000). The Quality of Space. Journal of Abadi, 37, 100-111. https://ganj-old.irandoc.ac.ir/articles/224147
Pakzad, J. (2004). Theoretical Principles and Urban Design Process. Tehran: Ministry of Housing and Urban Development.
Pallasma, J. (2005). The Eyes of the Skin: Architecture and the Senses. (R. Ghods, Trans.). Tehran: Parham Naghsh 
Pourjafar, M.R., & Ghobadi, A.R. (2014). The Concept of Persistence in Islamic Architecture and comparing it to the Concept of Sustainability in Contemporary Architecture. Journal of Islamic Architecture Research, 5, 32-46. http://jria.iust.ac.ir/article-1-109-fa.html&sw
Salami, M.R., & Sohangir, S. (2013). Solution to Improve the Quality of Interaction Man and the Environment, together with the Approach of Environmental Psychology. Psychological Research, 19, 79-100. http://noo.rs/MwhhG
Saremi, H.R., & Bazuvand, Kh. (2014). Understanding the Factors that Immortality Iranian Traditional Architectural Architecture to Achieve a National Identity for the Future of Iran. National Congress of Architecture and Sustainable Development. https://www.civilica.com/Paper-IARC01-IARC01_090.html 
Sattari, J. (1997). Phrasing and Sacred Art. Tehran: Center Publishing.
Schultz, N. (2000). Architecture: Presence, Language, Place. (A. Ahmadian, Trans.). Tehran: Niloofar. 
http://daneshnameh.roshd.ir 
http://ensani.ir/fa/article
https://bfardipour.blogfa.com
https://danesh.roshd.ir
https://maghale-modiriat.persianblog.ir