Performance Assessment of Campus Open Spaces via Post-Occupancy Evaluation (The Case Study of Eram Campus, Shiraz University)

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Ph.D. Student of Architecture, UAE Branch, Islamic Azad University, Dubai, United Arab Emirates.

2 Professor of Architecture, School of Architecture, Pars University, Tehran, Iran

3 Assistant Professor of Architecture, Department of Architecture, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.

Abstract

Buildings are established to meet the needs and desires of users. The purpose of a building is defeated if its users are not satisfied by the overall building performance. Educational buildings and their environment as centers of progression and innovation are not an exception. The high-quality outdoor spaces of campuses are important for increasing the users’ satisfaction. Frequently ignored in texts on campus planning and design, the outdoor spaces deserve far greater attention than they have yet received. This study determines whether the users of the Shiraz University Eram campus are satisfied with overall performance attributes and whether the developed POE could be used as a performance evaluation tool in Shiraz universities’ outdoor spaces. The users-based assessment shows that the potential for improving the performance of campus is great. This paper develops a post-occupancy evaluation (POE) framework that integrates open space performance attributes for university campuses and facilities in the city of Shiraz, Iran, based on users’ satisfaction. The objectives were to identify the concept of POE in relation to campus performance, to determine the performance level of the outdoor spaces, and the correlation between campus performance and users’ satisfaction level. The methodology of this study is adopting an integrated approach in the process of evaluation by combining relevant indicators and variables, retrieved from reviewed literature. All these aspects are molded into the methodology of POE using two surveys (experts’ rating and users’ satisfaction surveys). Results showed that a significant relationship exists between the campus performance and the users’ satisfaction. The correlational results confirmed the relevance of POE as a performance evaluation tool. The findings indicate that the indicators and variables used in assessing the level of campus open space performance are significant in determining levels of users’ satisfaction in university campuses and facilities.

Keywords


Ahmadi, R., Saiki, D., & Ellis, C. (2016). Post Occupancy Evaluation an Academic Building: Lessons to Learn. Applied Scinces and Art. Https://Opensiuc.Lib.Siu.Edu/Jasa/Vol1/Iss2/4/
Aydin, D., & Ter, U. (2008). Outdoor Space Quality: Case Study of a University Campus Plaza. Archnet, 189-203. Https://Archnet.Org/Publications/5183
Baani Masoud, A. (2012). Iranian Contemporary Architecture. Tehran: Honar-E Memari Press.
Blyth, A., & Gilby, A. (2006). Guide to Post Occupancy Evaluation. University of Westminister.
Bradbury, S., Dixon, D., Matindale, K., Samuel, F., & Tait, A. (2016). Pathways to POE,Value of Architects. University of Reading, RIBA.
Cooper Marcus, C., & Francis, C. (1998). People Places: Design Guideline for Urban Open Space. Published by John Wiley & Sons. Inc. Published Simultaneously In Canada.
Cooper, B., Ahrentzen, S., & Hasselkus, B. (1991). Post-Occupancy Evaluation: An Environment-Behaviour Technique for Assessing the Built Environment. Canadian Journal of Occupational Therapists, 181-188. Https://Doi.Org/10.1177/000841749105800406
Fattahi, K., Ekhtiari, M., Bannazadeh, B., Dashti, S., & Zamani, Z. (2018). Study the Contextual Approach of Greening Campus Evaluation and Ranking Model in Iran. Stockholm: ISCN 12th Annual Conference.
Garlitz, R. (2008). Academic Ambassadors in the Middle East: The University Contract Program in Turkey and Iran, 1950-1970. Phd Thesis, The College of Arts and Sciences of Ohio University.
Hanan, H. (2013). Open Space as Meaningful Place for Students in ITB Campus. Social and Behavioral Sciences, 308-317. Https://Cyberleninka.Org/Article/N/1005082
Hasselaar, E. (2003). Health Performance Indicators of Housing. Proceeding of Healthy Buildings, (23-29).Http://Www.Caoi.Ir/En/Projects/Item/51-Shiraz-Art-Museum-Alvar-Aalto.Html#Description Http://Shirazu.Ac.Ir
Ishiyaku, B., Kasim , R., & Harir, A. (2017). Confirmatory Factoral Validity of Public Housing Satisfaction Constructs. Business & Management, 1-17. Https://Doi.Org/10.1080/23311975.2017.1359458
Khair, N., Ali, H., Sipan, I., Hafizah Juharia, N., & Daud, S. (1990). Post Occupancy Evaluation of Physical Environment in Publc Low-Cost Housing. Journal Teknologi, 155-162. Https://Doi.Org/10.11113/Jt.V75.5284
Kooros, J. (1962). Pahlavi University, Shiraz, Iran. Massachusettes Institute of Technology: In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Architecture.
Matloob, F., Sulaiman, A., Hasan Ali, T., Shamsuddin, S., & Mardyya, W. (2014). Sustaining Campuses through Physical Character- The Role of Landscape. Social and Behavioral Sciences, 282-290.
Menezes, A., Cripps, A., Bouchlaghem, D., & Buswell, R. (2012). Predicted Vs. Actual Energy Performance of Non-Domestic Buildings: Using Post-Occupancy Evaluation Data to Reduce the Performance Gap. Applied Energy, 355-364. Http://Www.Sciencedirect.Com/Science/Article/Pii/S0306261911007811
Mustafa, F.A. (2017). Performance Assessment of Buildings Via Post-Occupancy Evaluation: A Case Study of the Building O the Architecture and Software Engineering Departments in Salahaddin University-Erbil, Iraq. Frontiers of Architectural Research, 412-429.
Nawawi, A., & Khalil, N. (2008). Post-Occupancy Evaluation Correlated With Building Occupants ’ Satisfaction: An Approach to Performance Evaluation of Government and Public Buildings. Journal of Building Appraisal, 4, 59-69.
Oliver, R. (1981). Measurement and Evaluation of Satisfaction Process in Retail Setting. Journal of Retailing, 25-48.
Painter, S., Fournier, J., Grape, C., Grummon, P., Morelli, J., Whitmer, S., & Cevetello, J. (2012). Research on Learning Space Design:Present State, Future Directions. Perry Chapman Prize.
Parker, C., & Mathews, B. (2001). Customer Satisfaction: Contrasting Academic and Consumers' Interpretations. Marketing Intelligence & Planning, 38-46. DOI: 10.1108/02634500110363790
Preiser, W. (1995). Post-Occupancy Evaluation: How to Make Buildings Work Better. Facilities, 21-33.
Preiser, W., & Vischer, J. (2005). Assessing Building Performance. Jordan Hill, Oxford: Elsevier Butterworth-Heinemann.
Radtke, R. (2016). Evaluating Living and Learning on Campus: A Community Engaged Research Model. 50th Anniversary Conference. Brighton-UK.
Sanni-Anibire, M., & Hassanain, M. (2016). Quality Assessment of Student Housing Facilities through Post-Occupancy Evaluation. Architectural Engineering and Design Management, 1-14. Https://Doi.Org/10.1080/17452007.2016.1176553
Siu Yu Laua, S., Gou, Z., & Liu, Y. (2014). Healthy Campus by Open Space Design: Approaches and Guidelines. Frontiers of Architectural Research, 452-467.
Turka, Y., Sena, B., & Ozyavuzb, A. (2015). Students Exploration On Campus Legibility. Social And Behavioral Sciences, 339-347. Https://Doi.Org/10.1016/J.Sbspro.2015.07.147
Ueltschy, L., Laroche, M., Eggert, A., & Bindl, U. (2016). Service Quality And Satisfaction: An International Comparison of Professional. Journal of Services Marketing, 410-423.
Wajdi Akashah, F., Shah Ali, A., Fatunah, S., & Zahari, M. (2015). Post-Occupancy Evaluation (POE) of Conventional-Designed Buildings: The Effects of Occupants’ Comfort on Productivity. Journal Teknologi, 27-37.
Wu, F. (2010). Housing Environment Preference of Young Consumers in Guangzhou, China: Using the Analytic Hierarchy Process. Property Management, 174-192.
Zimring, C. (1988). Post-Occupancy Evaluation and Implicit Theories of Organizational Decision-Making. Proceding of the 19th Annual Conference of Environmental Design Research Association, (277-280). California.