برچسب زنی نمای مسکن طبق وضعیت اجتماعی- اقتصادی ساکنین؛ دیدگاه متخصصان، مورد مطالعاتی: منطقه چهار شهرداری شهر تهران

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری معماری، دانشکده معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه تربیت دبیر شهید رجایی، تهران، ایران.

2 دانشیار گروه معماری، دانشکده معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه تربیت دبیر شهید رجایی، تهران، ایران

3 دانشیار گروه روانشناسی تربیتی، دانشکده علوم انسانی، دانشگاه تربیت دبیر شهید رجایی، تهران، ایران.

چکیده

نمای مسکن از طریق نظام پیچیده‌ای از«نشانه»ها، ویژگی‌های اجتماعی، اقتصادی و فرهنگی ساکنین خویش را نشان داده و تصویری کلیشه‌ای در ذهن مخاطبان شکل می‌دهد. از طرفی، جمعیت‌هایی که وضعیت اجتماعی- اقتصادی نسبی پایین‌تری دارند، به‌طور مداوم برچسب زده شده و متمایز می‌شوند که نابرابری در جامعه را تشدید می‌کند. از آنجا که ارزیابی بیرونی یک خانه با ویژگی‌های عینی آن در ارتباط است، هدف پژوهش یافتن ارتباط بین عوامل طراحی نمای مسکونی و استیگما1 است که می‌تواند ادراکات مخاطب را درباره یک منطقه یا ساختمان تغییر دهد. در این راستا، پژوهش حاضر به بررسی نماهای مسکونی منطقه چهار تهران با استفاده از روش تحقیق ترکیبی2 پرداخته است. جامعه مورد مطالعه متخصصین رشته معماری بوده که با نمونه‌گیری گلوله برفی انتخاب شدند. ابتدا با روش اسنادی مفاهیم مرتبط با ادراک محیط، نشانه‌شناسی و پدیده استیگما بررسی و چارچوب مفهومی پژوهش تدوین شد. سپس پرسشنامه‌ای حاوی عوامل عینی نمای مسکونی جهت رتبه‌بندی تأثیرشان بر ادراک طبقه ساکنین در اختیار 22 متخصص قرار گرفت. در مرحله بعد با روش توصیفی، 40 تصویر نمای مسکونی توسط متخصصین، مورد قضاوت قرارگرفت. تحلیل عامل اکتشافی داده‌ها، چهار عامل مؤثر در شان ادراک شده از نمای مسکن را به‌دست داد که شامل مصالح و طراحی (جزییات) نما، بازشو و الحاقات نما، بالکن و تناسبات نما، سبزینگی و ابعاد نما است. تصاویر نیز طبق نمره متخصصین، واکاوی شد. در نهایت با تحلیل هر دو آزمون (تصویری و پرسشنامه)، راهکارهایی جهت کاهش استیگمای نمای مسکن گروه ضعیف‌تر ارائه شد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Stigmatizing Housing Facade Based on the Socio-Economic Status of Residents; Experts` View; Case Study: Municipality District 4 of Tehran

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mehrnaz Ramzanpour 1
  • Ali Sharghi 2
  • Bahram Saleh Sedghpour 3
1 Ph.D Student of Architecture, Department of Architecture and Urban Planning, Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University, Tehran, Iran.
2 Associate Professor of Architecture, Department of Architecture and Urban Planning, Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University, Tehran, Iran
3 Associate Professor of Educational Psychology, School of Humanities, Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University, Tehran, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Housing facade is represented by some social, economic, and cultural characteristics of its residents through a complex system of "signs", constituting a stereotypical image in the minds of the users. On the other hand, people with relatively lower socio-economic status are constantly stigmatized and distinguished, thus aggravating inequality in the community. Because the outside evaluation of a house is linked with its objective characteristics, the research goal is to find the inter-relatedness of factors affecting residential facade design which change users' understanding of an area or building. In this regard, the present study aimed to investigate the residential views of Tehran's Municipality District 4 using a mixed research method1. The study population included architectural experts who were selected via snowball sampling. First, the documentary method was used to investigate the concepts related with understanding the environment, semiotics and the phenomenon of stigma followed by developing a conceptual framework of the research. Then, an inventory containing objective factors of residential view was provided to 22 experts to rate their effect on residents' understanding. In the next step, 40 residential housing facades were assessed by experts through descriptive method. Exploratory factor analysis of the data revealed four factors affecting the housing facade, which included facade materials and design, facade entrances and annexations (attachments), balcony and facade proportions, greenery and facade dimensions. The images were also explored using scores given by the experts. Finally, by analyzing both visual and inventory tests, solutions were provided to remove stigmatization of the weaker group’s housing facade.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Housing
  • Facade
  • Sign
  • Labeling
  • Stigma

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معماری و شهرسازی آرمان شهر
دوره 14، شماره 34
خرداد 1400
صفحه 131-146

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  • تاریخ دریافت: 15 تیر 1398
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 15 مرداد 1398
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 22 مرداد 1398

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