طراحی مبتنی بر شبیه سازی در تحقیقات تجربی عملکرد ساختمان، مورد مطالعاتی: یک ساختمان اداری در تبریز

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشیارگروه معماری، واحدتبریز، دانشگاه آزاداسلامی، تبریز، ایران (نویسنده مسئول).

2 دانشجوی دکتری معماری، گروه معماری، واحدتبریز، دانشگاه آزاداسلامی، تبریز، ایران.

3 دانشیارگروه معماری، واحدتبریز، دانشگاه آزاداسلامی، تبریز، ایران.

4 استادگروه معماری، دانشکده معماری وهنر، دانشگاه هنراسلامی، تبریز، ایران.

چکیده

شبیه سازی ابزار بسیار مهمی است که سال های متمادی در زمینه های مختلف توسط رایانه و بدون آن بکار گرفته شده است. این پارادایم «طراحی مبتنی برشبیه سازی» نامیده می شود. این پارادایم شامل فرایندی است که در آن شبیه سازی، ابزار اصلی ارزیابی و بررسی است. هدف از این مطالعه کاهش مصرف انرژی یک ساختمان اداری در اقلیم سرد تبریز با استفاده از ابزار شبیه سازی و بهینه سازی عملکرد انرژی ساختمان در سه مرحله اصلی تکاملی عملکرد انرژی ساختمان یعنی: 1) مرحله طراحی، 2) مرحله ساخت و ساز و 3) مرحله بهره برداری است. دلیل انتخاب این روش افزایش اهمیت مراحل بیان شده بدلیل تغییرات اقلیمی ناشی از گرمایش زمین است. بدین منظور، ابتدا منابع کتابخانه ای و متون مرتبط بررسی و سپس مدل پایه شبیه سازی شد. پس از شبیه سازی مدل پایه، مصرف انرژی کل آن تحلیل شد و 9 آلترناتیو از سه گونه نمای دوپوسته (چند طبقه ای، دالانی و پنجره جعبه ای) با سه عمق حفره مختلف ( 6. 0 متر، 7. 0 متر و 8. 0 متر) به عنوان راه حل بهینه سازی طراحی به نمای جنوبی افزوده شد. برای دستیابی به بار گرمایش کمتر، میزان انتقال حرارتی دیوارها و سق فها با استفاده از مصالح عایق کاهش یافت. در نهایت، روشنایی، پنجره ها، دمای تنظیم داخلی، تهویه طبیعی و سایبان به عنوان عوامل مرتبط با بهره برداری به طور خودکار تنظیم شدند. بر این اساس، نتایج بهینه سازی با مدل پایه برای انتخاب مدل بهینه مقایسه شدند. این مطالعه نشان داد که بهینه سازی در سه مرحله با افزودن نمای دو پوسته چند طبقه ای با عمق حفره 8. 0 متر و دریچه هایی به ابعاد 2. 23* 4. 0 متر موجب کاهش 6. 55 درصدی مصرف انرژی نسبت به مدل پایه می شود. همچنین با کاهش رسانایی حرارتی به عنوان عامل مرتبط با ساخت، بار گرمایش در دیوارها تا 38 درصد و در سقف ها تا 77 درصد کاهش می یابد. نتیجه می شود که آلترناتیوهای بهینه شده نمای دوپوسته گونه چند طبقه ای به دلیل بار گرمایش و مصرف گاز کمتر، بهترین کارآیی را دراقلیم سرد دارند.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Simulation-Based Design in Experimental Researches of Building Performance: A Case Study of an Office Building in Tabriz

نویسندگان [English]

  • lida Balilan Asl 1
  • Shirin Nourivand 2
  • Dariush Sattarzadeh 3
  • Maziar Asefi 4
1 department of Art & Architecture, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran
2 Ph.D. Candidate in Architecture , Department of Art & Architecture , Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University
3 Department of Art & Architecture, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran.
4 Associate Professor of Architecture, Department of Architecture and Urbanism, Tabriz Islamic Art University, Tabriz, Iran and Visiting Faculty, Department of Architectural Science, Ryerson University, Toronto, Canada.
چکیده [English]

ABSTRACT:
ABSTRACT: Simulation is a very important tool which has been used for several years in several fields (with computer and non-computer systems). This paradigm is called “Simulation-Based Design” or SBD. It is the process in which simulation is the primary means of evaluation and verification. As a result of the rising awareness of environmental issues and the increase in the cost of energy, building professionals increasingly have to consider the sustainability and energy performance of their designs by using building energy performance simulation and optimisation (BEPSO)tools. Despite of the number of countries that use simulation tools in architectural design, BEPSO has not yet been implemented in Iran widely. This paper provides an overview on this subject, aiming at clarifying computer simulation and BEPSO tools and outlining potential challenges and obstacles in them. In Addition, the BEPSO results of an office building in Tabriz are presented to show the role of simulation in three main stages of building energy performance evolution namely: 1) design stage, 2) construction stage and 3) operation stage. The simulation results show that, in general, the factors that result in the most significant reduction in energy consumption, by up to 50%, are as follows: 1) the implementation of double skin façade with a 0.6 cm cavity space in the south facade as a design solution, 2) lowering u-value of external walls and flat roofs as construction factor, 3) automatic control of lighting, using light sensors, window, indoor set-point temperature, natural ventilation and shading as operation factors.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Building Performance
  • Simulation-Based
  • Design
  • Optimisation
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