مکان های عمومی پایدار رودخانه محور و سازندهای مؤثر بر آن ها، مورد مطالعاتی: رودخانه های شهری بالیخلو، زاینده رود، کارون و زرجوب

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دکتری شهرسازی، دانشکده معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه علم و صنعت ایران، تهران، ایران.

2 دانشیار گروه شهرسازی، دانشکده معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه علم و صنعت ایران، تهران، ایران (نویسنده مسئول).

3 استاد گروه شهرسازی، دانشکده معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه علم و صنعت ایران، تهران، ایران.

چکیده

رودخانه های کشور، اغلب با سطوحی از ناپایداری مواجه اند و فضاهای شهری مبتنی بر خود را نیز به چالش کشیده اند. زمینه سازی برای ارتقای این فضاهای شهری به مکان های عمومی پایدار، رسالت اصلی پژوهش حاضر است و در این راستا، ÷درصدد تبیین چیستی، معیارهای کلان کیفی، سازندهای مؤثر و مدل مفهومی «مکان عمومی پایدار رودخانه محور» و بررسی تطبیقی وضعیت رودخانه های شهری کشور در چارچوب آن است. پژوهش توسعه ای- کاربردی حاضر، از رویکرد کیفی و کمّی به صورت توأمان استفاده می کند. در این راستا، مطالعه کتابخانه ای برای استخراج مفاهیم و مدل نظری و مطالعه میدانی و روش «مطالعه میان موردی» برای ارزیابی کیفیت مکان های عمومی مبتنی بر رودخانه در شهرهای اردبیل، اصفهان، اهواز و رشت استفاده شده است. ضمن پیمایش های میدانی، به وسیله مشاهده و مصاحبه نیمه ساختاریافته با مردم و تکمیل پرسشنامه بسته، داده های لازم برای توصیف و تحلیل وضعیت و مقایسه تطبیقی نمونه های موردی گردآوری شده و در اعتبارسنجی نتایج، از آزمون اسمیرنف و T تک نمونه ای استفاده شده است. نتایج مؤید آن است که سازندهایی مانند رودخانه، انسان، قوانین، منابع، کنشگران، جامعه، شهر و غیره، در چرخه حیات مکان عمومی پایدار رودخانه محور، بر تحقق پذیری، بقاء و رشد آن مؤثر خواهد بود. این سازندها، به نوبه خود، کیفیات مورد انتظار از چنین مکان هایی را برآورده می سازند. معیارهای کلان شامل: تاب آوری، پایداری، انسان مداری و تشخص هستند و سایر معیارهای خرد، در قالب آن ها می گنجند. مقایسه تطبیقی نمونه های موردی، نشان می دهد علی رغم حس تعلق شهروندان به رودخانه، نقاط ضعف کم و بیش مشترکی میان آن ها، در زمینه های پایداری، امنیت و ایمنی، تسهیلات و امکانات، تاب آوری در برابر رودخانه و غیره وجود دارد. بر این اساس، توصیه هایی در زمینه رفع ضعف های کلان این مکان های عمومی، پیشنهادشده است. کاربرد پژوهش حاضر را می توان در تدوین فهرستی از عوامل مؤثر بر تحقق پذیری مکان عمومی پایدار با محوریت رودخانه در برنامه ریزی و طراحی دانست.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Sustainable River-Oriented Public Places and the Constructs Affecting them; Case Studies: Balekhlou, Zayandeh-Rood, Karun, and Zarjub Urban Rivers

نویسندگان [English]

  • Seyed Mojtaba Safdarnejad 1
  • Seyed Abdolhadi Daneshpour 2
  • Mostafa Behzadfar 3
2 Associate Professor of Urbanism, School of Architecture and Environmental Design, Iran University of Science & Technology, Tehran, Iran.
3 Professor In Urban Design, University of scince & Technology, Tehran, Iran.
چکیده [English]

In Iran, most rivers experience unsustainability and challenge the river-oriented urban spaces. The present study aims to provide the ground for promoting these urban spaces to become sustainable public places. To this end, it attempts to explain what the "sustainable river-oriented public place" is, its macro qualities, what constructs affect it, and its conceptual model and to compare urban rivers in Iran according to the model. The present study is applied development research carried out using both qualitative and quantitative approaches. In this study, the concepts and the theoretical model are extracted using library studies. Next, field and case studies are applied to qualitatively evaluate the river-oriented public places in Ardabil, Isfahan, Ahvaz, and Rasht. In addition to field studies, observation and semi-structured interviews with people and a closed questionnaire are used to collect the required data to describe and analyze the status quo of the case studies as well as to compare them. The results are validated using the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test and one-sample T-test. The results indicate that constructs such as the river, humans, rules, resources, actors, society, city, etc., affect the implementation, survival, and development of sustainable river-oriented public places throughout their life cycles. These constructs, in turn, meet the expected qualities of such places. Macro-criteria include resilience, sustainability, anthropocentrism, and individuality, each with some micro-criteria. Comparing case studies shows that despite the citizens' sense of belonging to the river, they have more or less common weaknesses in the areas of sustainability, security and safety, facilities, resilience, etc. Accordingly, some recommendations are presented for addressing the major weaknesses of these public spaces. The contribution of the present study is the presentation of a list of factors affecting the implementation of the sustainable river-oriented public place plan and design.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • River
  • Sustainable Public Place
  • River-Centeredness
  • Place Check
  • Place-Making
  • Place
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