سنجش و مقایسه تطبیقی مفاهیم موثر بر شکل گیری تنوع کالبدی در خانه های قاجار و پهلوی شهر دزفول

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 کارشناسی ارشد معماری، دانشکده معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه صنعتی جندی شاپور دزفول، دزفول، ایران.

2 استادیار گروه معماری، دانشکده معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه صنعتی جندی شاپور دزفول، دزفول، ایران (نویسنده مسئول).

3 دانشیار گروه معماری، دانشکده معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه صنعتی جندی شاپور دزفول، دزفول، ایران.

چکیده

شیوه سازماندهی فضا و نحوه بیان تنوع کالبدی به عنوان دو عامل شخصیت بخشی در گونه های مختلف معماری محسوب می شوند. سنجش تغییرات در دو مولفه یاد شده؛ می تواند ابزاری برای فهم و تبیین مفاهیم موثر بر شکل گیری کالبد معماری باشد. لذا تفاوت لحن شیوه های سنتی و مدرن را می توان در سنجش این دو مولفه، موثر دریافت. بررسی این موضوع در شهرهایی با بافت تاریخی، دارای اهمیت می باشد. همچنین یکی از شهرهای دارای بافت کهن و معاصر در ایران، دزفول می باشد که این پژوهش در آن بستر به دنبال پاسخگویی به پرسشهای مطرح شده است. این پرسش ها عبارت اند از: شاخص های موثر در ایجاد تنوع کالبدی کدامند؟ روند شکل گیری کالبد معماری خانه های قاجار و پهلوی در دزفول، نشان دهنده تغییر در چه شاخص هایی از تنوع است؟ هدف پژوهش شناسایی عوامل موثر بر تنوع در خانه های مسکونی است که با مقایسه تطبیقی میان خانه های پهلوی و قاجار صورت می گیرد. این تحقیق با تکیه بر روش موردکاوی و پیمایش، به مقایسه تطبیقی شاخص های تنوع در خانه های پهلوی و قاجار پرداخته است. همچنین برپایه پیشینه تحقیق و روش ویکور، مدلی تهیه و بر اساس آن، گردآوری اطلاعات صورت گرفته است. جامعه نمونه شامل تمام خانه های به ثبت رسیده قاجار و پهلوی بوده که به روش آنتروپی-شانون، وزندهی شده اند. نتایج نشان می دهد که مفهوم کالبد در خانه های قاجاری شامل تناسبات، نسبت حیاط به بنا، شفافیت، روابط نوع عرصه، روابط فضا بر اساس عملکرد و انعطاف پذیری است. ازسویی دیگر تغییرات در کالبد معماری دوره پهلوی معطوف به تغییر در ابعاد حیاط، تناسبات، سلسله مراتب دسترسی، کاهش حریم، کاربری فضاها، فرم هندسی و شیوه انعطاف پذیری شده است. مقایسه تطبیقی خانه های قاجار و پهلوی، نشان دهنده آن است که شیوه بیان مفهوم تنوع کالبدی این دو دوره، با یکدیگر متفاوت بوده و خانه های پهلوی در برخی از معیارها با کاهش تنوع همراه بوده اند.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Assessment and Comparative Study of Concepts Affecting the Formation of Physical Variety in Qajar and Pahlavi Houses in Dezful

نویسندگان [English]

  • ahmad sarrafzadeh 1
  • Mohammad Didehban 2
  • behzad vasigh 3
1 Department of Architecture, Faculty of Architecture and Urbanism, Jundi-Shapur University of Technology, Iran
2 Assistant Professor, Department of Architecture, Faculty of Architecture and Urban Planning, Jundi-Shapur University of Technology, Dezful, Iran
3 Assistant professor, Department of Architecture Jundi-Shapur University of Technology, Dezful Iran, Jundi-Shapur University of Technology, po. Box: 64615-334, Dezful Iran,
چکیده [English]

Spatial organization and physical diversity are considered two characterization factors in different architectural styles. Measuring changes in them can be considered a means for understanding and explaining the concepts affecting the formation of the architectural body. Therefore, the difference between traditional and modern architecture can be found by measuring these two components. It is of great importance to investigate this issue in cities including historic context. In the present study, Dezful, as one of the Iranian cities including both historic and contemporary fabrics, is selected as the research field to answer the following questions: What factors are effective in the formation of physical diversity? The process of formation of the architectural body of Qajar and Pahlavi houses in Dezful shows a change in what criteria of diversity? The present study aims to identify the factors affecting the diversity of residential houses by comparing Pahlavi and Qajar houses. In the present study, Qajar and Pahlavi houses are compared in terms of the criteria of diversity using case studies and the survey method. Also, to collect the required data, a model is developed based on the research background using the VIKOR method. The sample population included all registered Qajar and Pahlavi houses that are weighted using the Shannon entropy method. The results indicate that the concept of body in Qajar houses includes proportions, yard area/building area ratio, spatial transparency, type of space, functional relationships between spaces, and flexibility while changes in the architectural body of Pahlavi houses include changes in the dimensions of the courtyard, proportions, hierarchy of access, reduction of privacy, space use, geometric form, and flexibility. Comparison of Qajar and Pahlavi houses shows that the concept of physical diversity has been expressed differently in these two periods and in Pahlavi houses, a decrease in some criteria of diversity is observed.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Physical Diversity
  • Architectural Space
  • Houses in Dezful
  • Geometry
  • VIKOR Method
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