تأثیر سبک زندگی نوگرا بر چگونگی محرمیت در خانه های برونگرای دوره پهلوی اول، شهر تهران

شیخ اکبری, نوشین; سهیلی, جمال الدین; ارمغان, مریم

doi:10.22034/aaud.2019.187439.1893

تأثیر سبک زندگی نوگرا بر چگونگی محرمیت در خانه های برونگرای دوره پهلوی اول، شهر تهران

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

¹ دانشجوی دکترای تخصصی، گروه معماری، واحد قزوین، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، قزوین، ایران.

² دانشیار گروه معماری، واحد قزوین، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، قزوین، ایران (نویسنده مسئول).

³ استادیار گروه معماری، واحد قزوین، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، قزوین، ایران.

10.22034/aaud.2019.187439.1893

چکیده

یکی از اهداف عمده و مهم حکومت پهلوی، تجددطلبی و تغییر سبک زندگی به شیوه غربی بود که در این راستا اصلاحات برنامه های نوسازی بسیاری تدوین شد. در میان این تحولات اساسی که در زمینه های گوناگون در حال رخ دادن بود، بسیاری از تجددطلبان که الگوبرداری از غرب، از حکومت به آن ها سرایت کرده بود، خواستار تغییر معماری مسکن خود به شکل غربی بودند که بعدها همین خانه ها به عنوان الگویی برای خانه سازی در سطوح وسیع تری در شهر تهران شدند. با توجه به ارزش های ویژه معماری به لحاظ عصر تحول فرهنگی و اجتماعی دوره پهلوی اول، یکی از الزامات مطالعات معماری معاصر می باشد. شناسایی چگونگی محرمیت در پیکره بندی فضای معماری خانه های مسکونی برونگرا شهر تهران در دوره پهلوی اول که متأثر از تحولات نوگرایی سبک زندگی بوده است، این مطالعه، قصد دارد ویژگی محرمیت فضای معماری خانه های برونگرا در شهر تهران را شناسایی و بررسی کند که تحت تأثیر تغییرات سبک زندگی مدرنیستی در طی دوره پهلوی اول، ساخته شدند. روش جمع آوری داده ها از طریق مرور کتابخانه ای انجام شد و روش شناسی در این تحقیق، ترکیبی از روش های تاریخی- تفسیری و توصیفی- تحلیلی می باشد. از روش استدلال استنتاجی برای تجزیه و تحلیل داده ها از طریق چیدمان فضا استفاده شد. نتایج این تحقیق نشان می دهد که مفاهیم نوگرایی سبک زندگی را می توان به سه دسته اصلی، سنت گریزی، انسان، طبیعت، معماری و فردگرایی تقسیم بندی کرد که هر کدام از آن ها، جنبه های گوناگونی از مفهوم محرمیت را توجیه می کنند. در واقع مفهوم محرمیت به لحاظ جنس در خانه های برونگرای دوره پهلوی، با خانه سنتی متفاوت است. در این خانه ها مفهوم محرمیت به ترتیب در مرتبه اول: حریم بصری، شنیداری و مالکیت به یک اندازه، در مرتبه دوم: حریم و نظارت بر اعمال اجتماعی، در مرتبه سوم: حریم و قلمرو و در رتبه چهارم: حریم و امنیت و در رتبه پنجم: حریم و خانواده وجود داشته است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

The Influence of Modernistic Lifestyle on Privacy in Extrovert Houses of the First Pahlavi Period: Tehran

نویسندگان [English]

noushin sheikhakbari ¹
jamel-al-din soheili ²
Maryam Armaghan ³

¹ PhD student, Department of Architecture, Faculty of Architecture and Urban Development, Qazvin Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qazvin, Iran

² Assistant Professor, Department of Architecture, Faculty of Architecture and Urban Development, Qazvin Unit, Islamic Azad University, Qazvin, Iran

³ Assistant Professor of Faculty of Architecture and Urban Planning, Qazvin Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qazvin, Iran

چکیده [English]

One of the major and important goals of the first Pahlavi era was modernization or change in lifestyle of people based on western models. Many reform programs were formulated in this regard. Among the major changes taking place in various fields, Many of the modernists who had been embraced by the West from the government demanded to change their housing architecture to the west, which later became the model for wider range housing in Tehran. Due to the special architectural value in terms of cultural and social changes in the first Pahlavi era, it is one of the requirements of contemporary architecture. The present study aims to identify and study the privacy quality of the architectural space of Extrovert Homes in Tehran city, built under the influence of modernistic lifestyle changes during the first Pahlavi era. The data collection method was done through library review, and The methodology in this research is a combination of historical-interpretive and descriptive-analytical methods. The data analysis method is deductive reasoning conducted through space syntax. The results of this study show that the concepts of modernist lifestyle can be divided into three main categories: anti-Traditionalism, humanism, nature, architecture, and individualism that each of the modern components of the lifestyle justifies different aspects of the concept of privacy. In these houses, the concept of confidentiality was ranked first: visual and auditory privacy and ownership, second: privacy and supervision of social practices, third: privacy and territory, and fourth: privacy and security. Fifth: privacy and family.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

Lifestyle
Privacy
Spatial Configuration
Extrovert Homes
First Pahlavi Era

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