کاربست معیارهای مکان‌یابی مدارس سبز در راستای افزایش پایداری محیطی، مورد مطالعاتی: محله فهادان شهر یزد

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 پژوهشگر دکتری، گروه شهرسازی، دانشکده معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه هنر اصفهان، اصفهان.

2 کارشناس ارشد طراحی شهری، دانشکده هنر و معماری، دانشگاه یزد، یزد، ایران.

3 دانشیار گروه معماری داخلی، دانشکده معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه هنر شیراز، فارس، ایران (نویسنده مسئول).

چکیده

فرایند مکان یابی تحت تأثیر عوامل سازگاری، آسایش، مطلوبیت و ایمنی قرار دارد. ولی این معیارها فاقد برخی از شاخص های مدارس سبز هستند. بافت تاریخی شهر یزد به عنوان نمونه ای مطرح است که بسیاری از اصول پایداری در آن قابل پیگیری می باشد. با این حال مکان یابی مدارس سبز به عنوان اولین گام در دستیابی به پایداری محیطی در برنامه ریزی های کاربری زمین در آن کم تر مورد توجه شهرسازان بوده است که این موضوع مسأله اصلی پژوهش حاضر است. از این رو در این پژوهش با تطبیق معیارهای مکان یابی مدارس و شاخص های مدارس سبز، چهارچوب نظری و مدلی برای مکان یابی مدارس سبز ارائه و از آن در ارزیابی مدارس محله تاریخی فهادان یزد استفاده شده است. با راهبرد موردپژوهی، گردآوری داده ها با استفاده از اسناد و مطالعات کتابخانه ای صورت پذیرفته و برای هر یک از زیرمعیارهای مؤثر در مکان یابی مدارس سبز به کمک سامانه اطلاعات جغرافیایی (GIS)، تکنیک AHP در نرم افزار Expert Choice
مکان کنونی مدارس در مورد مطالعاتی ارزیابی و مکان های مستعد قرارگیری مدارس سبز نیز معرفی شده اند. نتایج حاکی از آن است که زیر معیارهایی مانند «استفاده از زمین های متروکه»، «استفاده از قطعات نیازمند نوسازی و مرمت»، «جهت گیری ساختمان به سمت نور مطلوب»، «استفاده از باد مطلوب در جهت تعدیل دمای محوطه»، «جلوگیری از اشراف ساختمان های اطراف به مدرسه» و همچنین «دارا بودن حداکثر فضای باز» و «میزان شیب زمین (10 - 0 درصد)» می توانند به مدل های کنونی مکان یابی اضافه شوند. به طور کلی بر اساس مدل مکان یابی پیشنهادی، بین مکان گزینی مدارس ابتدایی واقع در بافت محله فهادان شهر یزد و معیارهای مکان یابی سبز اختلاف قابل توجهی وجود دارد. در مجموع می توان گفت معیار آسایش و ایمنی در مکان یابی مدارس ابتدایی این محله کم تر مورد توجه قرار گرفته است. مکان های پیشنهادی برای احداث مدارس سبز در این محله می توانند در ارتقای پایداری محیطی نیز مؤثر باشند.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Application of Green School Site Selection Criteria to Increase Environmental Sustainability; Case Study: Fahadan Neighborhood of Yazd

نویسندگان [English]

  • hajar asadpour 1
  • Behnaz Taherian 2
  • Ali Asadpour 3
1 Ph.D. candidate in urbanism, Faculty of Architecture and Urban Planning, Isfahan University of Arts, Isfahan.
2 MA in Urban Design, Department of Urban Planning, School of Art & Architecture, Yazd University, Yazd, Iran.
3 Assistant Professor
چکیده [English]

 The site selection process is influenced by compatibility, comfort, desirability, and safety factors. But, these criteria lack some of the green school indicators. The historical texture of Yazd is an example in which many sustainability principles can be seen. However, green school site selection as the first step in achieving environmental sustainability in land use planning has been less considered by urban planners, the key subject of the current study. Consequently, in the current study, by matching the criteria for school site selection and green school indicators, a theoretical framework and a model for green school site selection have been offered to evaluate the schools in the historical neighborhood of Fahadan, Yazd. With the case study strategy, data collection was done using library studies. Next, the current locations of the schools in the area studied have been assessed in terms of each of the effective sub-criteria in the green school site selection and the places suitable for the establishment of green schools have been introduced using the GIS software and AHP technique in the Expert Choice software. Results indicate that sub-criteria such as “use of abandoned land,” “use of lots in need of renovation,” “orientation of the building towards the desired light,” “use of the desired wind to adjust the ambient temperature,” “preventing the surrounding buildings from overlooking the school,” as well as “having maximum open space” and “land slope of 0-10 percent” can be added to current site selection models. In general, based on the proposed site selection model, it is observed that the sites selected for primary schools in the Fahadan neighborhood of Yazd are not in accordance with the green school site selection criteria. Generally, it can be said that the criteria of comfort and safety have received less attention in the primary school site selection in this

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Fahadan Neighborhood
  • Site Selection
  • Green Schools
  • AHP Technique
  • GIS
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