رتبه‌‌بندی نوین مراکز چندمنظوره شهری با تمرکز بر مفهوم شادی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دکتری معماری، دانشکده هنر و معماری، واحد تهران مرکزی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران.

2 استادیار گروه معماری، واحد تهران مرکزی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران (نویسنده مسئول).

3 استادیار گروه معماری، واحد تهران مرکزی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران.

10.22034/aaud.2022.249204.2316

چکیده

مفهوم شادی به دلیل پیچیدگی و تنوع جهان‌‌بینی انسان در ادوار مختلف، تعاریف متفاوتی را به خود دیده است. در دوران باستان تا عصر روشنگری شادی تنها در حوزه سعادت، لذت و ایدئولوژی تعریف شده بود اما با آغاز عصر صنعت تا اواسط قرن بیستم، سنجه‌‌های عددی- اقتصادی در تعریف آن شروع به نقش‌آفرینی کردند. این نقش با شروع نیمه‌‌ی دوم قرن بیستم و پررنگ شدن مطالعات میان‌‌رشته‌‌ای در حوزه اقتصاد شادی، جایگاه روابط و تعاملات اجتماعی را به عنوان شاخصی تعیین‌‌کننده در مؤلفه‌‌های اقتصادی بر شادی تبیین کرد. در این مقاله، با توجه به نقش مراکز چندمنظوره شهری در امکان شکل‌‌دهی به تعاملات اجتماعی نوین، سعی شده است که با تعریف مؤلفه‌‌های شادی میزان اهمیت هرکدام از آن‌‌ها در مراکز چندمنظوه شهری با توجه به وجود کاربری‌‌های مختلف تجاری، فرهنگی و تفریحی در شش گزینه شامل مراکز چندمنظوره کوروش، ارگ، گالریا، سمرقند، هروی و کیان در شهر تهران مشخص شود. در این راستا، ابتدا بر مبنای تحلیل مطالعات پیشین، با محوریت شناسایی مؤلفه‌‌های تأثیرگذار بر افزایش تعاملات اجتماعی و شادی مخاطبان در مراکز چندمنظوره شهری، سه مؤلفه تنوع، تراکم و طراحی فضای گسست به عنوان معیارهای اصلی تحلیل سلسه‌مراتبی تعریف شدند. سپس، با توجه به نیاز رتبه‌‌بندی مراکز معرفی شده، مدل چندشاخصه‌ی سه سطحی بر اساس سه معیار اصلی (تنوع، تراکم و طراحی فضای گسست) و نُه زیرمعیار (سینما، رستوران و فودکورت، فضای بازی، فروشگاه‌‌ها، آسانسور و پله‌‌برقی، ارتباط با فضای باز، گشودگی افقی، فضای اشتراکی و امنیت) طراحی و اجرا شد. نتایج حاکی از اهمیت نقش طراحی فضا در قالب وجود فضای گسست به ‌عنوان مؤثرترین معیار در اولویت‌‌بندی فضای چندمنظوره بر اساس مطلوبیت شادی است. علاوه ‌بر آن، با استناد به تحلیل به‌ دست‌آمده، مشخص شد که مرکز چندمنظوره کوروش با بالاترین رتبه در رقابت با سایر گزینه‌‌ها، فضای شادتری را برای متقاضیان خود فراهم آورده است.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

New Ranking of Mixed-Use Urban Centers Focusing on the Concept of Happiness

نویسندگان [English]

  • Sharin Shirmohamadian 1
  • Shadi Azizi 2
  • Vahid Shali Amini 3
1 Ph.D Candidate in Architecture, Faculty of Art and Architecture, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
2 Assistant Professor of Architecture, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran (Corresponding Author).
3 Assistant Professor of Architecture, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
چکیده [English]

The concept of happiness has been differently defined in different eras, due to the complexity and diversity of human worldview. During the period from ancient times to the Enlightenment era, happiness had been defined only in the fields of felicity, pleasure, and ideology, while during the period from the beginning of the industrial age to the mid-twentieth century, it has been defined using numerical-economic metrics. With the beginning of the second half of the 20th century, interdisciplinary studies have become significant in the field of happiness economics, leading to social relations and interactions to be explained as a determinant indicator for the economic components of happiness. Considering the role of mixed-use urban centers in forming new social interactions, the present study aims to define the components of happiness to investigate the significance of each component in mixed-used urban centers including different commercial, cultural, and recreational uses through case studies (including Kourosh, Arg, Galleria, Samarqand, Heravi, and Kian mixed-used urban centers in Tehran city). To this end, first, according to the review of previous studies on the factors enhancing users' social interactions and happiness in mixed-used urban centers, the three components of diversity, density, and discrete space design are defined as the main criteria for Analytical Hierarchy Process. Next, considering the need to rank centers, a three-level multiple indicator model is developed and implemented based on three main criteria (diversity, density, and discrete space design) and nine sub-criteria (cinemas, restaurants and food courts, playgrounds, various shops, elevators and escalators, indoor-outdoor connection, horizontal openness, shared space, and security). The results indicate that space design (in the form of the discrete space design), as the most effective criterion, plays the most important role in ranking mixed-use spaces based on the desirability of happiness. Moreover, according to the results of the analysis, Kourosh mixed-use center obtained the highest rank, implying that it provides a happier atmosphere for the users.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Concept of Happiness
  • Mixed-use Urban Centers
  • Ranking
  • Social Interactions
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