طراحی تجربیات فرح‌بخش شهری به کمک اصول طراحی ترغیبی

پاک‌نژاد, فرزانه; کلینی ممقانی, ناصر

doi:10.22034/aaud.2022.306217.2555

طراحی تجربیات فرح‌بخش شهری به کمک اصول طراحی ترغیبی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

¹ کارشناس ارشد طراحی صنعتی، دانشکده معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه علم و صنعت ایران، تهران، ایران.

² دانشیار گروه طراحی صنعتی، دانشکده معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه علم و صنعت ایران، تهران، ایران (نویسنده مسئول).

10.22034/aaud.2022.306217.2555

چکیده

طراحی برای احساسات مثبت به دنبال یک اثر‌‌بخشی طولانی‌مدت و رضایت استفاده از محصول، تعامل لذت‌‌بخش و لذت‌‌های حسی، به مفاهیم گسترده‌‌تر از جمله رضایت کلی از زندگی حرکت کرده است. بدین منظور مقاله حاضر به ارزیابی فرآیند طراحی تجربیات فرح‌بخش به صورت موردی در مبلمان شهری به کمک اصول طراحی ترغیبی با گروه هدف کودکان می‌‌پردازد. روش این ‌‌پژوهش توصیفی است و از میان 30 مقاله مطالعه‌شده در ارتباط با این موضوع، خلاصه تعدادی از آن‌ها در بخش پیشینه پژوهش آمده است. به کمک علم روان‌شناسی به بررسی تمایز میان عواطف و روش‌‌های تاثیرگذاری ارائه‌شده توسط ترامپ پرداخته شده است. در این پژوهش نیز مدل رفتاری فاگ به عنوان پایه و اساس تمامی مدل‌های طراحی ترغیبی و تغییر رفتار به طراحان کمک کرد تا کمبود عناصر روان‌‌شناختی را ببینند و شناسایی کنند. بنابراین برای شناسایی عناصر فرح‌‌بخش در مبلمان ‌شهری نمونه‌‌های موفق در سطح جهانی انتخاب و با 28 اصل کوکونان و هارجوما که در قالب گروه‌‌های وظیفه اصلی، گفتگو، اعتبارسیستم و پشتیبانی اجتماعی آمده است تطابق داده شد. این اصول می‌توانند با ویژگی‌‌های کیفی متناسب برای طراحی محصولات مختلف مورد استفاده قرار گیرند. در راستای شناخت ترجیحات کاربر از ابزارهای مرتب‌سازی کارت‌‌ها و طراحی مشارکتی بهره گرفته شد و ایده‌‌های به دست آمده به کمک روش ایده‌‌یابی ذهنی لاکتون توسعه یافت و از 10 کاربرِ 8 تا 12 سال خواسته شد تا سه کانسپت ارائه‌شده را در قالب نُه بعد عاطفی روش پریمو مورد سنجش قرار دهند. روش پریمو به علت استفاده از شخصیت‌‌های کارتونی به همراه صدا و حرکت برای کودکان قابل درک‌‌تر است. نتایج این تحقیق نشان می‌‌دهد ایده‌‌های نهایی امتیاز قابل قبولی در ارتباط با عواطف مثبت به دست آورده‌‌اند و رویکرد ترغیبی به عنوان عاملی شاخص، راهنمای مناسبی برای طراحان جهت طراحی تجربیات و تعاملات فرح‌‌بخش عمل می‌‌کند و نیازمند تقویت این اصول جهت افزایش کیفیت تجربه درک‌شده توسط کاربر است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Design Joyful Urban Experiences with the Aid of Persuasive Design

نویسندگان [English]

Farzaneh Paknejad ¹
Nasser Koleini Mamaghani ²

¹ M.A. of Industrial Design, Faculty of Architecture and Environmental Design, Iran University of Science & Technology (IUST), Tehran, Iran.

² Associate Professor of Industrial Design Department, Faculty of Architecture and Environmental Design, Iran University of Science & Technology (IUST), Tehran, Iran (Corresponding Author).

چکیده [English]

Design for positive emotions has moved to broader concepts, including overall life satisfaction followed by long-term effectiveness and satisfaction with product use, pleasurable interaction, and sensory pleasures. For this purpose, the present study evaluates the design process of joyful experiences as a case in urban furniture using persuasive design principles for the target group of children. This study used the descriptive method reviewing 30 studies conducted on the considered subject, and summarizing them in the research background section. The distinction between affections and influencing methods proposed by Tromp was examined using psychology. In this research, Fogg Behavior Model also helped as the base for all persuasive design and behavior change models to find and identify a lack of psychological elements. Therefore, successful global cases were selected to identify Joyful elements in urban furniture and compared them with 28 principles suggested by Kukkonen and Harjumaa in the framework of primary task, dialogue, system credibility, and social support groups. These principles can be used with qualitative features suitable for designing various products. Card sorting tools and participatory design were used to identify users' preferences, and the obtained ideas were developed using Lockton’s subjective ideation method, and ten 8-12-years-old users were asked to assess the three presented concepts in the frame of 9 emotional dimensions of the PrEmo Method. As PrEmo Method uses cartoon characters with sound and motion, it is more comprehensible for children. The research results indicated that final ideas obtained acceptable scores concerning positive affection, and the persuasive approach serves as a prominent factor and suitable guideline for designers to design exhilarating experiences and interactions. Moreover, these principles must be amplified to increase the user’s perceived experience quality.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

Joyful
Persuasive Design
Happiness Design
Urban Furniture

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