بررسی روند تغییرات شاخص‌های نحو فضا برای فضاهای نیمه‌باز و تأثیر آن در راندمان عملکردی مسکن (خانه‌های سنّتی و مدرن اصفهان)

یخچالی, صفورا; صحراگرد منفرد, ندا سادات; یزدانفر, سید عباس

doi:10.22034/aaud.2021.285033.2479

بررسی روند تغییرات شاخص‌های نحو فضا برای فضاهای نیمه‌باز و تأثیر آن در راندمان عملکردی مسکن (خانه‌های سنّتی و مدرن اصفهان)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

¹ کارشناسی ارشد معماری مسکن، دانشکده معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه علم و صنعت ایران، تهران، ایران.

² استادیار گروه معماری، دانشکده معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه علم و صنعت ایران، تهران، ایران.

³ دانشیار دانشکده معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه علم و صنعتانشیار گروه معماری، دانشکده معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه علم و صنعت ایران، تهران، ایران (نویسنده مسئول).

10.22034/aaud.2021.285033.2479

چکیده

فضاهای نیمه‎باز از گذشته تاکنون نقش فضای بینابینی برای فضاهای بسته و باز داشته و ضمن ارتباط درون و بیرون منجر به افزایش کیفیت عملکرد این فضاها در کنار یکدیگر شده است. متأسفانه در سیر تحول خانه‌های سنتی تا مدرن نقش فضاهای نیمه‌باز کم‌رنگ شده و اهمیت خود را در راندمان عملکردی مسکن از دست ‌داده‌اند. لذا هدف پژوهش آن است که با شاخص‌های نحو فضا برای فضاهای نیمه‌باز، راندمان عملکردی آن‌ها را در این سیر تاریخی بررسی کند. شهر اصفهان با پیشینه تاریخی در زمینه مسکن به ‌عنوان مورد مطالعاتی پژوهش انتخاب شد. سؤال تحقیق این‌گونه است: مؤلفه‌های راندمان عملکردی و شاخص‌های نحو فضا برای فضاهای نیمه‌باز در خانه‌های اصفهان در طی ادوار چگونه تغییر کرده‌اند؟ به‌منظور بررسی نقش ایوان و تراس در خانه‌ها، 25 نمونه خانه سنتی متعلق به دوره صفویه، قاجاریه و پهلوی و 30 نمونه خانه متعلق به سی سال اخیر شهر اصفهان بر اساس تنوع فضای نیمه‌باز از نظر دسترسی، وسعت، ارتباطات و شکل انتخاب شدند. در نهایت ضمن حذف نمونه‌های مشابه، 9 نمونه سنتی و 14 نمونه مدرن انتخاب شد. نتایج نشان می‌دهد که فضای نیمه‌باز در دوره‌های صفوی به قاجار، طی سیر تکاملی، دارای افزایش در شاخص انتخاب، دسترسی بصری، آنتروپی و ارتباط بوده که منجر به افزایش راندمان عملکردی خانه‌ها شده و در دوره قاجار تا پهلوی تعداد شاخص‌های نزولی افزایش داشته و تنها شاخص انتخاب به دلیل نقش توزیع‎کنندگی ایوان‌ها و آنتروپی به دلیل ساده‌تر شدن سازمان‌دهی فضایی در دوره پهلوی افزایش داشته‌اند. در دوره پهلوی تا مدرن، کاهش ابعاد فضاهای نیمه‌باز، کاهش دسترسی‎ها، عدم سازمان‌دهی مطلوب فضاها، ساخت‎و‎ساز در طبقات، منجر به کاهش شاخص‎های ارتباط، هم‎پیوندی، دسترسی ‎بصری شده‎اند و حتی افزایش شاخص کنترل نیز از کیفیت تراس‌های خصوصی مدرن کاسته و همه به‎نوعی منجر به کاهش راندمان عملکردی خانه‎ها در دوره مدرن شده‎اند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigating Variations in Space Syntax Indicators for Semi-Open Spaces and their Effect on the Functional Efficiency of Housing (Traditional and Modern Houses of Isfahan, Iran)

نویسندگان [English]

Safoura Yakhchali ¹
Neda Sadat Sahragard Monfared ²
Seyyed Abbas Yazdanfar ³

¹ M.A. of Housing Architecture, Faculty of Architecture and Urban Planning, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran.

² Assistant Professor of Architecture, Faculty of Architecture and Urban Planning, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran.

³ Associate Professor of Architecture, Faculty of Architecture and Urban Planning, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran (Corresponding Author).

چکیده [English]

Semi-open spaces have played the role of in-between spaces for closed and open spaces, which have connected inside and outside, and increased the functional quality of these spaces next to each other. The role of semi-open spaces in the transformation trend of traditional to modern houses has unfortunately been neglected to lose their importance for the functional efficiency of housing. Hence, this study aims to investigate the functional efficiency of semi-open spaces in this historical trend based on the space syntax indicators for these spaces. Isfahan City was selected as a case study due to its historical background in housing scope. This study asks how the components of functional efficiency and space syntax indicators of semi-open spaces have changed in Isfahan's houses during different periods. To examine the role of porches and terraces in the houses, 25 traditional houses constructed in Safavid, Qajar, and Pahlavi eras, and 30 houses constructed over the last 30 years in Isfahan were chosen based on the diversity of semi-open spaces in terms of accessibility, area, connections, and form. Finally, duplicate samples were removed then 9 traditional and 14 modern houses were selected. The results indicated that choice, Isovist area, entropy, and connectivity were increased in semi-open spaces of the Safavid-Qajar eras during an evolutionary trend, which led to higher functional efficiency of houses, and the number of descending indicators were increased from Qajar to Pahlavi period. Moreover, only choice and entropy were increased during Pahlavi Period due to the distributive role of porches and the simplicity of spatial organization, respectively. From Pahlavi to the modern period, the smaller size of semi-open spaces, fewer accessibilities, lack of desired organization of spaces, and construction in floors led to a reduction in connectivity, integration, and Isovist area, and even increased control reduced the quality of private modern terraces, which all of the mentioned factors have led to the lower functional performance of houses in modern time.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

Semi-Open Space
Functional Efficiency
Space Syntax
Housing
Isfahan’s Houses

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