گونه‌شناسی فضایی در بازار تبریز مبتنی بر منظر صوتی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دکتری شهرسازی اسلامی، دانشکده معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه هنر اسلامی تبریز، تبریز، ایران.

2 دانشیار گروه معماری، دانشکده معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه هنر اسلامی تبریز، تبریز، ایران (نویسنده مسئول).

3 استاد گروه شهرسازی، دانشکده معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه هنر اسلامی تبریز، تبریز، ایران.

10.22034/aaud.2023.266838.2400

چکیده

منظر صوتی، کیفیت ادراکی از صداهای شنیده‌‌شده است. در تحقیق حاضر منظرهای صوتی مجموعاً نُه فضا از سه گونه فضایی در بازار تبریز، راسته‌‌بازارها، تیمچه‌‌ها و سراها مورد بررسی قرار می‌‌گیرد. پژوهش در پی مشخص کردن چگونه درک شدن منظر صوتی سه گونه‌ی فضایی بازار و نحوه اثرگذاری ویژگی‌‌های فضایی بر کیفیت منظرهای صوتی فضاهای مورد مطالعه است. برای نیل به هدف تحقیق، مؤلفه‌‌های ادراکی منظر صوتی توسط افراد حاضر در فضاهای مورد مطالعه از بازار تبریز پیمایش شده است. این ارزیابی بر اساس امتیازدهی 384 نفر به بلندی ادراکی صدا، آسایش صوتی، مقبولیت منابع صوتی و توصیف‌گرهای منظر صوتی با استفاده از پرسش‌نامه انجام پذیرفته است. نتایج پژوهش نشان می‌‌دهد کیفیت منظرهای صوتی گونه‌‌های مختلف فضایی بازار تبریز تحت تأثیر خصیصه‌‌ها و کیفیات محیطی و منابع صوتی می‌‌باشد. در فضاهای ایستا و کم‌‌جمعیت که امکان مکث و تماشا فراهم است، منظر صوتی دلپذیرتر است. ازدحام جمعیت مشخصاً سبب کاهش کیفیت ادراکی منظر صوتی می‌‌گردد. صداهایی که بروزی ناگهانی در فضاهای آرام دارند، به واسطه اختلاف تراز شدت صوت تأثیر سوء در آرامش صوتی و به طور کلی کیفیت منظر صوتی می‌‌گردند. لذا در مطالعات مربوط به منظر صوتی فضاهای آرام شهری، همانند بازار تبریز، ضروری است مؤلفه‌‌ای تحت عنوان وضوح منظر صوتی شهری مورد توجه قرار گیرد. هم‌چنین اگر منابع صوتی منطبق با توقعات صوتی کاربران باشد؛ به بیانی دیگر، جنس صداهای شنیده‌‌شده در فضا با ماهیت آن همگون باشد، مقبولیت منابع صوتی بیش‌تر و کیفیت منظر صوتی قابل قبول‌‌تر است.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Spatial Typology in Tabriz Bazaar based on the Soundscape

نویسندگان [English]

  • Bita Shafaee 1
  • Abbas Ghaffari 2
  • Morteza Mirgholami 3
1 Ph.D. in Islamic Urban Planning, Faculty of Architecture and Urban Planning, Tabriz Islamic Art University, Tabriz, Iran.
2 Associate Professor of Architecture, Faculty of Architecture and Urban Planning, Tabriz Islamic Art University, Tabriz, Iran (Corresponding Author).
3 Professor of Urban Planning, Faculty of Architecture and Urban Planning, Tabriz Islamic Art University, Tabriz, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Soundscape is the perceptual quality of heard sounds. This study examines soundscapes of nine spaces of three special types in Tabriz Bazaar, Bazaars’ aisle (Rasteh), Malls (Timcheh), and stores (Sarai). The extant study aims to find how the soundscape of the three spatial types is perceived and how special features affect the quality of soundscapes of studied spaces. For this purpose, perceptual components of soundscape were surveyed by individuals who were present in the studied spaces of Tabriz Bazaar. This assessment was conducted based on scores given to perceived loudness of sound, acoustic comfort, noise source acceptability, and soundscape descriptors through the questionnaires filled out by 384 members. The research results indicated that the soundscapes quality of different spatial types of Tabriz Bazaar was affected by the environmental qualities, specifications, and sound sources. In static and unpopulated spaces that provide the possibility for pause and watch, the soundscape is more pleasant. Overpopulation usually reduces the perceptual quality of soundscape. The sounds with the sudden incidence in quiet spaces have a bad effect on the acoustic comfort and quality of soundscape due to the sound pressure level (SPL) difference. Therefore, a component called urban soundscape clarity must be considered in the studies conducted on the soundscape of quiet urban spaces. Moreover, sound source acceptability and quality of soundscape will be higher if the noise sources are matched with the acoustic expectations of users, in other words, the sounds heard in the space are consistent with its nature.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Soundscape
  • Special Features
  • Urban Soundscape Clarity
  • Acoustic Expectations
  • Tabriz Bazaar
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