تحلیل میزان و کیفیت توجه به جایگاه اقلیم در مطالعات معماری ایران

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشیار معماری، دانشکده هنر و معماری، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران.

2 کارشناس ارشد معماری، دانشکده هنر و معماری، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران.

چکیده

سکونت گاه های انسان ها از گذشته های دور بارز بوده است. موضوع توجه به اقلیم، بهره وری و مصرف هوشمندانه انرژی در مطالعات بسیاری از پژوهشگران حضور دارد اما رویکردهای متنوعی در برخورد با آن وجود دارد. پرسش این است که درحوزه معماری ایرانی، معماری معاصر ایران، اقلیم و مطالعات آن چه جایگاهی دارد؟ تا چه اندازه به مطالعات اقلیمی در مقالات اخیر در حوزه معماری ایرانی توجه شده است؟ و سیر تحول پژوهش های صورت گرفته در حوزه معماری سنتی ایران، در مقالات علمی و پژوهشی ایرانی، چه تحولی را در حوزه توجه به اقلیم در سال های اخیر نشان می دهد؟ هدف از این پژوهش، ارائه تحلیلی از روند حاکم بر میزان توجه پژوهشگران به موضوع اقلیم، در مقالات حوزه معماری سنتی در مجلات علمی- پژوهشی در ده سال اخیر است. این بازه مقالاتی را در بر می گیرد که از سال 1380 تا 1389 منتشر شده اند. تکنیک مورد استفاده در تحقیق روش تحلیل محتوا، و روش جمع آوری اطلاعات به صورت کتابخانه ای میباشد، در طی این پژوهش 46 مقاله مورد بررسی و تحلیل قرار میگیرد. نتایج بدست آمده نشان دهنده آن است که با وجود روند رو به افزایش پرداختن به موضوع رابطه اقلیم و معماری سنتی به طور سالانه، جنبه توصیفی پژوهشها نسبت به جنبه کاربردی آنها افزایش پیدا کرده است. تحلیل های ارائه شده، غالباً فاقد محاسبات ریاضی هستند و کمتر به کار حل مسائل عینی و کاربست روشهای سنتی یا امروزی مرتبط با اقلیم خواهند آمد. برآورد حاصله از مقاله، خطر انحصار پژوهش اقلیمی در عرصه نظر و غیرکاربرد تر شدن این مطالعات را گوشزد می کند. از این رو مقاله با تحلیل روند مورد نظر پیشنهاد می کند، پژوهشهای آینده این عرصه، به سمت جنبه های کاربردی تر موضوع هدف گذاری شوند.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Review on Shifting to Energy Efficiency in Recent Architectural Studies in Iran

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mohammadjavad Mahdavinejad 1
  • Sonya Silvayeh 2
  • Yahya Nourian 2
1 Associate Professor of Architecture, Faculty of Art & Architecture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
2 M.A. in Architecture, Faculty of Art & Architecture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Traditional architecture of Iran, the same as traditional architecture of other ancient countries, is witness of valuable energy efficient architectural buildings and monuments. Literature review of the paper shows that traditional architecture of Iran is a rich treasure of authentic buildings crystalized energy efficient approach toward architecture and planning, especially in architectural design process. Contemporary Iranian architecture such as other related trends in contemporary architecture of developing countries suffers from lack of enough attention to energy efficient strategies toward architecture and planning which reflected in deficiency in conventional building sector. International approach towards high performance architecture and planning has made a progressive changes in contemporary architecture of Iran and other developing countries in order to meet energy efficient architecture and planning. Significance of comprehensive reviews on the related fields especially in contemporary architecture of developing countries such as Iran, enhance the level of necessity of the research; while programing and planning for better sustainability and better energy efficient architecture is need of enough information regarding to recent studies. It is believed that information about recent trends, is the first and the most essential step towards crystalizing a comprehensive, useful, optimum and successful plan to endorse energy efficiency in the field of architecture. The paper is to question the role of climate and other related issues in contemporary Iranian architecture. The paper aims to analyze and discuss shifting to climate and energy efficiency through research papers published in Iranian journals in recent 10-years. Theoretical framework of the paper is based on a wide range of literature review of the paper, based on different disciplines such as architectural design process, energy efficient architecture, high performance architecture and planning, traditional architecture of Iran. Inference mechanism of the paper is based on a kind of “content analysis” model which ask six main issues in each case such as: 1- research approach, 2- scale of study, 3- method of sampling, 4- research tools, 5- analytical framework and 6- location of the case. Based on theoretical framework of the research, an analytical matrix has been designed and adopted to investigate the trends and categories in shifting to climate and related issues in energy efficient architecture, in recent studies. The content analysis process is based on the extraction of keywords and clustering them in selected scientific papers. Sampling technique of the paper is “total population sampling” as a type of purposive sampling  technique that involves examining the entire papers which have been written in related fields in journals those are validated by Ministry of Science, Research and Technology of Iran in last 10 years. Some essential criteria such as research approach, scale of study, method of sampling, research tools, analytical framework and location of the case; examined carefully by the means of the designed matrix which roots in theoretical framework of the research. In other words, first, the related papers in last ten years which have been published in scientific journals in the fields of architecture and planning gathered as samples of the paper. Second, content analysis research method has been adopted to analyze the cases. Finally, the results gathered to show recent major advances and discoveries, significant gaps in the research and especially ideas about where research might go next in order to meet high performance architecture and planning. The results of the paper show that there is a considerable number of scientific and technical gaps in research those are interested in energy efficiency in architecture and planning. Based on the review it can be said that the “quantity” of papers is increasing drastically while the quality of research could not be called increasing especially when the research set the number of citations as a meaningful criteria to understand the level of “quality”. A general review on the papers which has been published in recent 10-years implies that these research papers were more descriptive and less practical, more analog and less computational, so most of these articles had no significant results which could be applied in architectural design process. These cases were more in general issues rather than concentrating on specific groundbreaking research. Most research done to date has focused on traditional buildings those enjoys energy efficient strategies in architectural design process. The results of the paper propose some clues for future steps to meet better energy efficient architecture such as some recommendations to future researchers in related fields. Research papers might shift to be more practical and computational expressions to reduce energy consumption. The results indicate some kind of shifting to high performance architecture in contemporary Iranian architecture as well as architectural studies and research papers.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Climate
  • High Performance Architecture
  • Energy Efficient Architecture
  • Contemporary Architecture
  • Architectural Studies
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Mahdavinejad, M. & Jafari, F. (2014). Interaction and Contrast of Regionalism and Globalization in Contemporary Architecture; Case: Persian Gulf Countries, Journal of Research in Islamic Architecture, 1(1), 57-73.
Mahdavinejad, M. & Javanrodi, K. (2012). Comparative Analysis of Wind Flow in Yazi and Kermani Wind Towers, HONAR-HA-YE-ZIBA, (48), 69-79. 
Mahdavinejad, M. & Javanrodi, K. (2014). Efficient Roof Shapes through Wind Flow and Indoor Temperature, Case Studies: Flat Roofs and Domed Roofs, Armanshahr Architecture & Urban Development Journal, 6(12), 55-68.
Mahdavinejad, M. & Matoor, S. (2012). The Quality of Light Openings in Iranian Domes, Naqshejahan, 2(2), 31-42. 
Mahdavinejad, M. & Nagahani, N. (2012). The Impact of Visual Literacy on Perception of Beauty in Architectural Buildings, Armanshahr Architecture & Urban Development Journal, 4(7), 51-62.
Mahdavinejad, M. & Nikoudel, F. (2016). Interaction Between Visual Beauty and New Lighting Technologies for Nightscape of Buildings Facades, Armanshahr Architecture & Urban Development Journal, 8(15), 131-143. 
Mahdavinejad, M. (2004). Wisdom of Islamic Architecture: Recognition of Iranian Islamic Architecture Principles, HONAR-HA-YE-ZIBA, (19), 57-66.
Mahdavinejad, M. (2005). Education of Architectural Criticism, HONAR-HA-YE-ZIBA, (23), 69-76. 
Mahdavinejad, M. (2014). Dilemma of Prosperity and Technology in Contemporary Architecture of Developing Countries, Naqshejahan, 4(2), 43-53. 
Mahdavinejad, M., Bemanian, M., & Molaee, M. (2011). Architecture in Context: Inspiration of Conceptualism in Design, Naqshejahan, 1(1), 21-34. 
Mahdavinejad, M., Bemanian, M., Abolvardi, G. & Elhamian, S.M. (2012). Analyzing the state of seismic consideration of architectural non-structural components (ANSCs) in design process (based on IBC), International Journal of Disaster Resilience in the Built Environment, 3(2), 133-147. 
Mahdavinejad, M., Mansouri Majomerd, P. (2015). Modern Movement and Contemporary Architecture of Iran, Journal of Studies on Iranian-Islamic City, 6(21), 19-30. 
Mohtashami, Negar, Mahdavinejad, Mohammadjavad, Bemanian, Mohammadreza (2016). Contribution of City Prosperity to Decisions on Healthy Building Design: A Case Study of Tehran, Frontiers of Architectural Research, 5, 319–331. 
Motazedian, F. & Mahdavinejad, M. (2014). Light Shelves: Typology and Their Characteristics, Armanshahr Architecture & Urban Development Journal, 7(1), 91-104. 
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