بهبود کالبد سکونتگاه‌های دانشجویی در جهت افزایش اجتماع‌پذیری با تکیه بر روش نحو فضا، نمونه‌موردی: خوابگاه دانشگاه حکیم سبزواری، سبزوار

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار معماری، دانشکده معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران.

2 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد، دانشکده هنر و معماری، دانشگاه بوعلی سینا، همدان، ایران.

3 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد، دانشکده معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران.

چکیده

در طراحی فضاهای خوابگاهی اجتماع‌پذیر عوامل کالبدی، کارکردی و ویژگی‌های اجتماعی- روانی کاربران فضا نقش دارند. پژوهش حاضر با تمرکز بر اصلاح کالبد از طریق نحو فضا و ارتقاء عوامل کالبدی و بهبود فاکتورهایی نظیر راه‌یابی، جهت‌گیری، دید مورد نیاز کاربر و خوانایی فضا، درصدد ارائه راهکارهایی به‌منظور ایجاد سکونتگاه‌های دانشجویی اجتماع‌پذیرتر می‌باشد. به‌همین منظور دو مورد از خوابگاه‌های دانشگاه حکیم سبزواری سبزوار که از چیدمان خطی و حیاط مرکزی برخوردارند، با فرض بر این که پیکره‌بندی کالبدی- فضایی مناسب خوابگاه دانشجویی نقش به‌سزایی در ارتقاء اجتماع‌پذیری این اماکن دارد، مورد کنکاش قرار گرفتند. با استناد به پیشینه تجربی موجود، پیکره‌بندی فضایی از طریق سه شاخص اتصال، هم‌پیوندی،عمق فضا و شاخص ترکیبی خوانایی در قالب سه رویکرد محوری، محدب و میدان دید مورد سنجش قرار گرفت، به‌علاوه رویکرد عامل اساس در روش چیدمان فضا به‌عنوان رویکردی کمکی به‌منظور جامعیت بیشتر به نتایج پژوهش به‌کار رفت. شاخص‌های نام‌برده، در راستای نظریه حرکت طبیعی، روش چیدمان فضا (تحلیل روابط بین فضاها) را به الگوهای رفتاری و اجتماعی کاربران ربط می‌دهد که نشان از فصل مشترک هر دو مقوله اجتماع‌پذیری و پیکره‌بندی فضایی می باشد، همان طور که در پیشینه تجربی موجود نیز از این روش و نظریه به‌منظور پیش‌بینی و تحلیل رفتارهای اجتماعی کاربران بهره گرفته شده است. در واقع رویکرد پژوهش حاضر، شناسایی کم هزینه‌ترین اقدامات کالبدی- فضایی مؤثر بر اجتماع پذیری در خوابگاه‌های دانشجویی، پیش از هر اقدام عملی و سرمایه‌گذاری می باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Development of Dormitory Physics Regarding to the Sociability by Using Space Syntax Methodology, Case Study: Hakim Sabzevari Dormitory in Sabzevar University

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mohammad Taghi Nazarpoor 1
  • Pooria Saadati Vaghar 2
  • Ahmad Heidari 3
1 Assistant Professor of Architecture, Department of Architecture and Urban Planning, Faculty of Architecture and Urban Planning, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.
2 M.A. Student of Architecture, Faculty of Art & Architecture, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran.
3 M.A. Student of Architecture, Faculty of Architecture and Urban Planning, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Sociability is a spatial quality that gathers people together. The notion of sociability is related to establishing desirable interpersonal and collective relationships as well as opportunities for social interaction in public environments. Due to the growing student population in recent years (with a high percentage of them being non-indigenous students), attention to collective living in the community is more important than the past. In the psychology of the environment, emphasis is placed on how human behavior is influenced by the environment. The subject of the strangeness of the environment is very important in students living at the dormitories due to the large number of users and the repetition of their bodies. In most of these places, brigade plans that are alien to their users’ morale, are not often suitable to be used by the dormitory. Hence, in most of these dormitories, there is lack of proper physical environment that enhances the spirit of socialization among students. Functional, physical and social-psychological characteristics of the user factors stand in a significant relationship with the design of the studential dormitory. This study has addressed this issue by concentrating on Physical factors adjustment of studential dormitory through space syntax by improving physical factors such as: finding ways, orientation, visibility, user’s requirements and legibility of space which are important in sociability of studential dormitory. For this purpose, two studential dormitory at Sabzevar University that have a linear and central layout are explored .Our hypothesis is that suitable spatial configuration have a significant role in sociability of students at the dormitory. According to the existing experimental literature, spatial configuration is explored by use of main indicators of space syntax. In line with the theory of natural movement, the indicators that relate the space syntax method to behavioral and social patterns show the relation between sociability and space configuration. This method is used to predict and analyze the social behavior of users in the experimental background. The literature and theoretical foundations of this research is analytical method and the following results were expressed through logical reasoning. The maps of both dormitories were provided in the Auto Cad program; the created file was saved with the Dxf suffix and analyzed in the Ucl Depth Map software. In this regard, first, identifying the weaknesses in the original design after the initial analysis of the plans in the space syntax approach was done, and then, by making changes in them (A brief change that does not involve structural intervention and is aimed at improving indicators in the weaknesses of the plan), the above mentioned items were analyzed and compared with the results of the main plan. This process that seems to be able to use the space syntax to achieve an optimal plan that enhances the collective life of these sites (prior to enforcement and cost). In order to measure the components of research in the theory of natural movement, the space syntax method and its software (Ucl depth map), four approaches of this software analysis (Measuring social behavior patterns approaches) and indicators of connectivity, integration, and depth were used in order to measurement of notions that have significant effects on the presence and movement of people in space and socio-behavioural activities in result. These notions are:1-space integration analysis 2-oriantability analysis(depth) 3-axial analysis 4-agent based modeling 5-intelligibility 6-isovist analysis. The purpose of this research is to identify the most cost-effective physical activities that affect the socialization in dormitories before any financial and functional activities. Tools such as observation, interviews, grabbed axes and mapping were used in order to navigate environment. The results of four approaches -axial, convex, isovist, agent based- are reviewed and compared in order to more comprehensive results. Research findings suggest that using the space syntax approach, without interfering in the structural system and only with minor modifications in the interior walls, makes it possible to improve the path finding, orientation, access, user vision and readability in studential dormitories. This, by referring to the theory of natural motion upgrade, provides the abovementioned enhancements to the presence and movement of users in space; presence and movement, which are the primary and basic conditions for the social interaction of users. Thus improving these factors provides a suitable basis for promoting social interactions in studential dormitories. The results also show that by applying physical changes all mentioned indicators and related notions improve. Thereby creating a more integrated, intelligible, accessible, and vast view is important while the depth point factor is decreased. It means that the new changes decrease the students’ changes in crossing. These factors have significant role in attracting people to physical environment, more visit possibility and the environment socialization in result.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Sociopetality
  • Physics Improvement
  • Student Dormitory
  • Space Syntax
Aliabadi, A., Behbahani, B., Poornaderi, H. (2010). Studying Environmental Psychology Features in Designing Student Dormitories, Journal Management System, 1(2), 1-12. (In Persian)
Bada, Y., & Guney, Y. I. (2009, June). Visibility and Spatial Use in Urban Plazas: A Case Study from Biskam Algeria. In Proceedings of the 7th International Space Syntax Symposium, (D. Koch, L. Marcus, J. Steen, Eds.) (Stockholm, Sweden).‏
Bafna, S. (2003). Space Syntax: A Brief Introduction to Its Logic and Analytical Techniques. Environment and Behavior, 35(1), 17-29.‏
Benedikt, M. L. (1979). To Take Hold of Space: Isovists and Isovist Fields. Environment and Planning B: Urban Analytics and City Science, 6(1), 47-65.
Cooper Marcus, C., Francis C. (1998). People Places: Design Guidelines for Urban Open Space. Second Edition. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold.
Dawson, P. C. (2003, June). Analysing the Effects of Spatial Configuration on Human Movement and Social Interaction in Canadian Arctic Communities. In 4th International Space Syntax Symposium, 1, 1-37.
Dursun, P. (2007, June). Space Syntax in Architectural Design. In 6th International Space Syntax Symposium, 01-56.‏
Formal Classification & Spatial Configuration in Vernacular Housing: A Comparative Study on the Zoning of the Reception Area in Traditional Houses of Kerman Province, Journal of Housing and Rural Environment, 31(138), 3-16.
Francis, T., Andrew, M. (2008). Environmental Psychology. (Gh. R. Mahmoodi, Zarbaf Asl, Trans.). Publishing. (In Persian)
Hall, E. T. (1982). The Hidden Dimension, New York: Anchor Books, Doubleday.
Hillier, B. (2004). Designing Safer Streets: An Evidence-Based Approach. Planning in London, 48, 45-49.‏
Hillier, B. (2007). Space Is the Machine, a Configurational Theory of Architecture Space Syntax
Hillier, B. (1988). Against Enclosure. In: Teymus, N., Markus, T., Woaley, T. (Eds.), Rehumanising Housing. Butterworths, London, 63–85.
Dursun, P. (2007, June). Space Syntax in Architectural Design. In 6th International Space Syntax Symposium, 01-56.‏
Hillier, B., Penn, A., Hanson, J., Grajews Ki, T., & Xu, J. (1993). Natural Movement: or، Configuration and Attraction in Urban Pedestrian Movement. Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design, 20(1), 29-66.
Hillier, B. (1999). The Hidden Geometry of Deformed Grids: or, Why Space Syntax Work, When It Looks as Though It Shouldn’t. Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design, 26, 169-191.
Hillie, B., L. Vaughan (2007). The City as One Thing. Progress in Planning, 67(3).
Hillie, B., Richard Burdett, John Peponis and Alan Penn. (1987). Creating Life: Or, Dose Architecture Determine Anything?, Arch & Compart/Arch Behav, 3(3), 233-250.
Jafari Bahman, M. A. & Khanian, M. (2013). Comparative Study of the Existing Condition of Kababian Neighborhood with the 2005 Comprehensive Development Plan of City Of Hamadan Using Spacesyntax Software, ARMANSHAHR Architecture &Urban Development Journal, 9, 299-289 (In Persian).
Jiang, B., Claramunt, C., & Klarqvist, B. (2000). An Integration of Space Syntax into GIS for Modelling Urban Spaces. International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation, 2, 71-161.
Kamlipur, H., Memarian, Gh. H., Feizi, M., & Mousavian, M. F. (2012). Formal Classification & Spatial Configuration in Vernacular Housing: A Comparative Study on the Zoning of the Reception Area in Traditional Houses of Kerman Province, Urban and Rural Environment, 138, 3-16. 
Klarqvist, B. (1993). A Space Syntax Glossary. NORDISK ARKITEKTURFORSKNING 2.
Lima, J. J. (2001). Socio-Spatial Segregation and Urban Form: Belem at the End of the 1990s. Geoforum, 32(4), 493-507.‏
Lynch, K. (1960). The Image of the City, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA.
Mardomi, K., Ghamari, H. (2011). Architectural Requirements for Improvement of Sociopetaloid Spaces in Metro Stations Spaces, Urban Management, 27.
Mokhtarzadeh, S., Abasszadegan, M. & Rismanchian, O. (2012). Analysis of the Relation between Spatial Structure and the Sustainable Development Level. A Case Study from Mashhad/Iran. Eighth International Space Syntax Symposium, Santiago.
Mollazadeh, A., Barani-Pesyan, V. & Khosrowzadeh, M. (2011). (The Application of the Space Syntax of the Valiasr St Basht City), Urban Management Publication, 29, 81-90. (In Persian)
Montello, D. R. (2007) The Contribution of Space Syntax to a Comprehensive Theory of Environmental Psychology, Proceedings, 6 Th International Space Syntax Symposium, İstanbul, 2007, Iv01-Iv12.
Nazarpour, M. T. (2013). The Effect of Physical Space of Student Dormitories on General Health of Students, Faculty of Architecture and Urban Development, Shahid Beheshti University, Ph.D., 2013. (In Persian)
Önde, D. E., Gigi, Y. (2010). Reading Urban Spaces by the Space-Syntax Method: A Proposal for the South Haliç Region, Cities, 27, 260-271.
Osmond, H. (1957). Function as the Basis of Psychiatric Ward Design. Psychiatric Services, 8(4), 23-27.‏
Rismanchian, O. & Simon, B. (2011). A Study over Spatial Segregation of Deprived Areas in Spatial Structure of Tehran by Using Space Syntax Technique, Bagh E- NAZAR, 17, 69-80 (In Persian).
Sennett, R. (1974). The Fall of Public Man, New York, ww Nrton & Company.
Steadman, P. (1983). Architectural Morphology. London, Pion.
Tahersima, S., Irani Behbahani, H. & Bazrafkan, K. (2015). Determining of Educational Role of Iranian School Open Spaces– Regarding the Comparative Investigation on Traditional Vs Contemporary School (Case Studies: Chaharbagh, Darlolfonoun and Alborz Schools), Journal of Reasearch in Islamic Architecture, 6.
Tandy, C.R.V. (1967). The Isovist Method of Landscape Survey. (Murray, A.C., Ed.), Methods of Landscape Analysis, Vol. October, Landscape Research Group, London, 9-10. 
Turner, A. (2003). Analysing the Visual Dynamics of Spatial Morphology. Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design, 30(5), 657-676.‏
Turner, A. (2007). UCL Depthmap 7: From Isovist Analysis to Generic Spatial Network Analysis. New Developments in Space Syntax Software, Istanbul Technical University, 43-51.‏
Van Der Hoeven, F., & Van Nes, A. (2014). Improving the Design of Urban Underground Space in Metro Stations Using the Space Syntax Methodology, Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, 40, 64-74.‏
Van Nes, A. (2012). The One- and Two-Dimensional Isovist Analyses in Space Syntax. (S. Nijhuis, R. Van Lammeren, F. Van Der Hoeven, Eds.), Exploring The Visual Landscape; Advances In Physiognomic Landscape Research In The Netherlands. Iospress, Amsterdam, Pp. 163–184, <Http://Dx.Doi.Org/10.4233/Uuid:Fe6698ae-045c-436b-945b-C61c4b0437e4>. 
Whyte, W. (1980) Social Life of Small Urban Space: Conservation Foundation. Washing-Ton DC. Published By Project for Public Spaces In 2001.