Measuring the Physical Expansion of Danesfahan and Providing the Proposed Spatial Organization in Line with the Future Expansion of It

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Professor of Urban Planing, School of Architecture and Environmental Design, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran.

2 Ph.D. Student in Urban Development (Urban Planning and Design), School of Architecture and Environmental Design, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran.

3 M.A. Student of Urban Planning, School of Architecture and Environmental Design, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran.

Abstract

The city’s physical expansion takes place in a dynamic and continuous process over the time. The physics of city has been developed in both horizontal and vertical directions in quantitative and qualitative terms. Various factors are involved in the physical expansion of the city. In most cases, different temporal and spatial conditions of cities make a variety of different factors to influence in the development of the physical expansion of each city. In term of type, this is a practical article and, is a case study in terms of method. The researcher has deeply and comprehensively studied the characteristics of this phenomenon in a given period of time and has collected a large amount of information and data about it. Analytical logic has been used in this method and the researcher has tried to analyze and explain the phenomenon. At the beginning of this study, we have investigated and evaluated definitions and theoretical concepts of the physical expansion of the city and the factors affecting it. Then, in order to recognize the factors of attraction and repulsion in the physical expansion of the Danesfahan, information layers have been provided for land cover, accessibility and physiography of Danesfahan. And these layers are investigated to measure the physical growth of the city relative to its original core. Information layers have been integrated using GIS. The importance of different factors and layers has been determined by applying ANP multi-criteria decision-making method. To predict the future physical growth and expansion of the city based on its influential attraction and repulsion factors, Spatial Classification of the areas suitable for the physical expansion of Dansfahan has been analyzed by Fuzzy Logic. In this paper, at first, we have tried to identify and evaluate the effective attraction and repulsion factors in physical expansion of Danesfahan. Considering the internal and external relations of attraction and repulsion factors, the importance of the information layers of each factor is determined using the ANP method; and fuzzy spatial classification is performed for evaluating the physical expansion of Dansfahan using fuzzy logic in the GIS. ANP method is one of the most recent multi-criteria decision-making methods, which determines the importance of criteria and sub-criteria based on internal and external relations between factors and using the relevant Super matrixes. The fuzzy method has been used considering its capability in uncertainty to express concepts in the integration of maps. In 1995, Danesfahan was recognized as a city. The initial core of the city was destroyed after Buin Zahra earthquake in 1962 and city was also rebuilt in the same year. In the process of physical expansion of the city, access to the main road leading to the city and the road between the villages are considered as attraction factors and irrigated agriculture and gardens are considered as repulsion factors. Some of the most important criteria in physical expansion used to estimate the city’s capability for expansion are: Accessibility criteria including the sub-criteria of access to the urban area, communication paths, the high pressure line, the main gas pipes; and the land cover criteria with the classification of irrigated, dry land, mixed, garden and arid agriculture; and the physiography criterion which includes the sub-criteria of slope and distance from the fault. Analysis network process (ANP) model has been used to determine the importance and significance of each criterion and sub-criterion. Fuzzy method was used for spatial modeling of information layers in Arc GIS software environment; and the various layers have been integrated and finally a spatial organization was proposed based on the map of areas that are prone to future expansion of Danesfahan city. The proposed organization emphasizes the expansion of the city to the northwest of the current range along with considering the Special managerial strategies and guidelines. The main strategies are provided for managing land cover in the predicted areas, including:
• Direct supervision of the municipality and city management on lands located in the area under the city’s rule and provision.
• Owning lands around the city, especially lands that are located in the direction of the city’s physical expansion, in order to prevent land rentiers and unplanned expansion.
• Planning the infrastructure management and proper land use in the predicted directions for the future expansion of the city.
• Adopting measures for organizing the land use of the proposed beltway areas.
• Avoiding scattered construction.
• Developing an integrated plan for the spatial organization of potential areas for the future expansion of the city.
• Encouraging citizens for continuous participation in city’s decisions related to city development and expansion.

Keywords


Alinejad T, K. (2010). An Analysis on Aody-physical Development Process of Firouz Abad City. M.A Thesis. Isfahan: Isfahan University.
Bemanian, M. & Mahmodi Nejad, H. (2008). A theory of Body Development of City. Tehran: Municipality Organosation Publications and Country Press. 
Burgess, R. (2005). The Compact City Debate: A Global Perspective Compact Cities. London: Spoon Press.
Cheng, J. & Masser I. (2004). Understanding Spatial and Temporal Processes of Urban Growth, Cellular auto Modeling, Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design, (31), 167-194.
Farid, Y. (1995). Geography and Township. Tabriz: Tabriz University Press.
Garcia, M., Ferris, J., Aznar, J., Aragones, P. & Poveda, R. (2008). Farmland Appraisal Based on the Analytic Network Process, Global Optimization, (42), 143-155. 
Ibrahim zadeh, I. & Rafiee, G. (2009). An analysis on Body–space Development Pattern of Marvdasht City Using Antropy Models Shaton and Heldern and Provide a Pattern of Future Desirable Development, Studies of Human Geographics, (69), 123-138.
Lotfi, S. & Manouchehri, A. & Ahar, H. (2012). Analysis of Body-space Development Pattern of Maragheh City Using Quantitative Models, Geograpgia and Planning, (43), 191-232.
Majedi, H. & Zebardast, I. & Kermani, B. (2012). Analysis of Effective Factors on Dody Growth Pattern of Big Cities of Iran, Case Study: Body Growth Pattern of Rasht City, Beautiful Arts of Architecture and Urban Planning, (3), 49-60.
Poelmans, L. & Van, A. (2010). Complexity and Performance of Urban Expansion Models, Computers, Environment and Urban Systems, (34), 17-27.
Pooya Shahr Consulting Engineers Company (2006). Hadi Planning of Danesfahan City, Ghazvin.
Pumain, D. (2003). Scaling Laws and Urban Systems, Santa Fe: Santa Fe Institute, SFI WORKING PAPER, (02-002), 1-27.
Rahnama, M. & Abbaszadeh, G. (2008). Principles and Fundamentals of Measuring Models of Dody Form of City. Mashhad: Jahad Daneshgahi Press.
Saaty, T. L. (1999). Fundamentals of the Analytic Network Process. Japan. Proceedings of ISAHP, Kobe, 1-14.
Shirmohammad, H. & Naghibi, F. (2007). Physical Development of Nalous City by Paying Attention Environment Effects by Helping GIS, City Identity, (1), 27-38.
Shokouhi, H. (1997). New Perspectives in the Urban Geography. Tehran: SAMT Press.
Zangeneh Shahraki, S. (2007). Study of Horizontal Dispersion Phenomenon of Tehran City and Around Agricultural Effects. M.A Thesis. Tehran University.
Zangi abadi, A. (1992). Space Analysis of Physical Development Pattern of Kerman City. M.A Thesis. Tarbiat Mosares University.
Zebardast, I. (2010). Function of Network Analysis Process in City and Regional Planning, Beautiful Arts of Architecture and Urban Planning, (41), 79-90.
Ziary, K. (2010). Principles and Techniques of City Planning. Chabahar: Chabahar International University Press.