Dr. Mostafa Behzadfar Armanshahr Architecture & Urban Development 2008-5079 19 54 2026 05 22 Assessing the Relationship Between Ivān in Traditional Mazandaran Architecture and the Sense of Place from the Perspective of Housewives: A Case Study of Rural Houses in Qaemshahr Assessing the Relationship Between Ivān in Traditional Mazandaran Architecture and the Sense of Place from the Perspective of Housewives: A Case Study of Rural Houses in Qaemshahr 1 23 243989 10.22034/aaud.2026.505286.2950 FA Rouhollah Rahimi Associate Professor at the University of Mazandaran 0000-0003-0597-6160 Zahra Yousefi Master’s graduate in Architectural Engineering from University of Mazandaran Hesam Nadalian Master’s Graduate in Information Technology from the Science and Research Branch of Islamic Azad University, Tehran Journal Article 2025 03 04 Ivān, as one of the prominent elements of vernacular architecture in the traditional buildings of Mazandaran, plays a significant role in spatial organization and the daily interactions of residents. The present research aims to evaluate the relationship between the Ivān and the sense of place attachment from the perspective of housewives living in traditional rural houses of Qaemshahr. Methodologically, the study is applied in purpose and employs a mixed-method approach (qualitative–quantitative). Data were collected through library studies, field observations, and a researcher-designed questionnaire. The statistical population consists of 75 housewives residing in traditional rural houses of Qaemshahr, selected using purposive sampling. Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics and structural equation modeling (SEM) in SmartPLS software. The findings reveal that the Ivān, as a vital spatial element in Mazandaran’s traditional houses, not only moderates climatic conditions, but also functions as an intermediate space between the interior and exterior of the dwelling. It provides a suitable setting for women’s daily activities and social interactions, thereby strengthening their emotional attachment to the home and its surrounding environment. Furthermore, the results highlight that respect for nature, family interaction, and engagement with the outdoor environment through the Ivān play a crucial role in enhancing living quality and spatial identity. Overall, the study demonstrates a direct and significant relationship between the Ivān and the reinforcement of place attachment from the viewpoint of housewives. It emphasizes the need to reconsider vernacular architectural patterns and reinterpret the functional and cultural role of the Ivān in contemporary design, proposing it as a valuable model for improving quality of life, strengthening spatial identity, and achieving sustainable architecture within residential contexts. Ivān, as one of the prominent elements of vernacular architecture in the traditional buildings of Mazandaran, plays a significant role in spatial organization and the daily interactions of residents. The present research aims to evaluate the relationship between the Ivān and the sense of place attachment from the perspective of housewives living in traditional rural houses of Qaemshahr. Methodologically, the study is applied in purpose and employs a mixed-method approach (qualitative–quantitative). Data were collected through library studies, field observations, and a researcher-designed questionnaire. The statistical population consists of 75 housewives residing in traditional rural houses of Qaemshahr, selected using purposive sampling. Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics and structural equation modeling (SEM) in SmartPLS software. The findings reveal that the Ivān, as a vital spatial element in Mazandaran’s traditional houses, not only moderates climatic conditions, but also functions as an intermediate space between the interior and exterior of the dwelling. It provides a suitable setting for women’s daily activities and social interactions, thereby strengthening their emotional attachment to the home and its surrounding environment. Furthermore, the results highlight that respect for nature, family interaction, and engagement with the outdoor environment through the Ivān play a crucial role in enhancing living quality and spatial identity. Overall, the study demonstrates a direct and significant relationship between the Ivān and the reinforcement of place attachment from the viewpoint of housewives. It emphasizes the need to reconsider vernacular architectural patterns and reinterpret the functional and cultural role of the Ivān in contemporary design, proposing it as a valuable model for improving quality of life, strengthening spatial identity, and achieving sustainable architecture within residential contexts. https://www.armanshahrjournal.com/article_243989_0deaafad920dbbce9e8afc4e8f9cb729.pdf