Dr. Mostafa Behzadfar Armanshahr Architecture & Urban Development 2008-5079 10 18 2017 05 22 A Review of the Contextual Adaptability of Three Contemporary Urban Paradigms: New Urbanism, Urban Village and Urban Renaissance A Review of the Contextual Adaptability of Three Contemporary Urban Paradigms: New Urbanism, Urban Village and Urban Renaissance 71 82 49204 FA Hooman Ghahremani Assistant Professor in Urban Design, Faculty of Architecture, Urbanism and Islamic Art, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran. 0000-0002-6213-8537 Niloofar Hashemi Master in Urban Design, Faculty of Architecture, Urbanism and Islamic Art, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran. Mostafa Abbaszadegan Associate Professor in Urban Design, Faculty of Architecture and Urban Planning, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran. Journal Article 2016 01 20 By the beginning of the third millennium, environment has become an issue of global importance. Changes arising from globalization has led to the formation of concerns that have inevitably been effective in the field of urban planning /design. New paradigms pertaining to urban policies have become pervasive all over the world, ignorant of the country’s local context. Lack of attention to contextual compliance underlying some of these paradigms have caused extremes in some cases that intensifies local-global dualities. This is especially evident in developing countries: there are occasionally some proposals to employ international architectural consulting services with innovative/ new approaches to design or plan for large cities with great local backgrounds. In these circumstances, the adaptability of international planning/design paradigms to local context is highlighted as a point of concern. In this research, firstly, ‘contextualism’ is reviewed as a theory underlying urban development. Secondly, three recent international urban development paradigms: New Urbanism, Urban Villages and Urban Renaissance and the adaptability of their proposed solutions to urban context will be analyzed. An analytical method for comparative research is used to describe the main ideas of research. In each section, with an overview of the most important related literature, a multi-step process and logical reasoning, the strategies of each paradigm are compared within a model (multiple dimensions of urban design). To compare the adaptability of strategies to the context, ‘contextualism’ conceptual framework has been utilized. It is concluded that each paradigm has more emphasis on a specific dimension of contextualism which traces back to specific economic, political, cultural circumstances from which that paradigm has been originated. Thus, when applying an international planning/design paradigm to a new environment, it will bring about practical changes only if it is calibrated to the local area’s context initially. By the beginning of the third millennium, environment has become an issue of global importance. Changes arising from globalization has led to the formation of concerns that have inevitably been effective in the field of urban planning /design. New paradigms pertaining to urban policies have become pervasive all over the world, ignorant of the country’s local context. Lack of attention to contextual compliance underlying some of these paradigms have caused extremes in some cases that intensifies local-global dualities. This is especially evident in developing countries: there are occasionally some proposals to employ international architectural consulting services with innovative/ new approaches to design or plan for large cities with great local backgrounds. In these circumstances, the adaptability of international planning/design paradigms to local context is highlighted as a point of concern. In this research, firstly, ‘contextualism’ is reviewed as a theory underlying urban development. Secondly, three recent international urban development paradigms: New Urbanism, Urban Villages and Urban Renaissance and the adaptability of their proposed solutions to urban context will be analyzed. An analytical method for comparative research is used to describe the main ideas of research. In each section, with an overview of the most important related literature, a multi-step process and logical reasoning, the strategies of each paradigm are compared within a model (multiple dimensions of urban design). To compare the adaptability of strategies to the context, ‘contextualism’ conceptual framework has been utilized. It is concluded that each paradigm has more emphasis on a specific dimension of contextualism which traces back to specific economic, political, cultural circumstances from which that paradigm has been originated. Thus, when applying an international planning/design paradigm to a new environment, it will bring about practical changes only if it is calibrated to the local area’s context initially.

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