معماری و شهرسازی آرمان شهر

معماری و شهرسازی آرمان شهر

شهر- سامانی، تبیین بنیان‌‌های پارادایمیک حاکم بر خودسازماندهی شهری

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان
1 دانشجوی دکتری شهرسازی، دانشکده هنر و معماری، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران.
2 دانشیار گروه شهرسازی، دانشکده هنر و معماری، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران (نویسنده مسئول).
3 استادیار گروه شهرسازی، دانشکده هنر و معماری، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران.
10.22034/aaud.2025.508697.2961
چکیده
امروزه رویدادهای غیرمنتظره، پیچیدگی‌‌های شهری را باز تولید کرده و مناطق شهری را به سوی آینده‌ای غیرقابل پیش‌بینی سوق داده و تنها با مدیریت دائمی و پویا می‌توان همگام با تغییرات پیش‌رفت. لذا تغییر رویکرد به سمت شهر- سامانی در جهت پاسخ به چالش‌های فعلی و آینده بسیار حیاتیست. شهرهای خودسازمانده، پارادایمی نوین در نظام برنامه‌‌ریزی شهری دنیا محسوب می‌گردند که پدیده‌ای جامع، چند‌بعدی و پیچیده مبتنی بر چارچوب نظریات نوین می‌باشد. از طرفی مشکلات ناشی از پراکندگی آرا در ادبیات شهرِ خودسازمانده و نبود اجماع پیرامون تعریف نظری آن، با ورود به حیطه شهر سامانی دوچندان می‌نماید. از این رو هدف از این پژوهش تبیین بنیان‌های پارادایمیک حاکم بر شهر خودسازمانده است. در راستای دستیابی به هدف یادشده از روش فراتحلیل مبتنی بر الگوی PRISMA به منظور شناسایی و دسته‌بندی نظری و پارادایمیک شهر خودسازمانده بهره گرفته است (در جستجوی اولیه مقالات از سال ۱۹۴۴ تا ۲۰۲۴ مدنظر قرار گرفت که با غربالگری نهایی ۲۷ مقاله جهت ورود به تحلیل انتخاب شد). یافته‌‌های پژوهش حاکی از آن است که خودسازماندهی از سه نظریه متفاوت نظریه ساختار پراکنده، نظریه هم‌‌افزایی و نظریه اتوپوئیتیک با تأکید بر اصول متفاوت شامل جهت‌گیری بیرونی و درونی سیستم نشأت گرفته و ابعاد فلسفی نظریه خودسازماندهی شهری تحت دو هستی‌‌شناسی واقع‌گرایانه انتقادی و پساساختاری الهام گرفته شده است؛ به‌طوری که این دو دیدگاه معرفتی را فراتر از پوزیتیویسم و روابط علت و معلولی، پلی جهت پیوند جهان غیر انسانی و جهان انسانی، فضایی برای پویایی برنامه‌ریزی که با شرایط پیش‌بینی نشده سازگار باشد، می‌‌بیند. بنابراین می‌توان نتیجه گرفت، خودسازماندهی شهری فرآیندی چندلایه و برآمده از تعامل نیروهای ساختاری، کنش‌های محلی و بازتولید هویتی است و برنامه‌ریزی شهری کارآمد می‌بایست بر تسهیل و تقویت این ظرفیت‌ها متمرکز یابد.
کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله English

City- organizing, explaining the paradigmatic foundations governing the self-organization city

نویسندگان English

Parichehr Rashidghalam 1
hamidreza saremi 2
Ali Safavi 3
1 Department of Urban planning, Tarbiat Modares University
2 Department of urban planning, Tarbiat Modares university
3 Department of urban planning, Tarbiat Modares university
چکیده English

Today, unexpected economic, environmental, and political events are reproducing urban complexities and pushing urban areas towards an unpredictable future. Only with permanent and dynamic management can we keep pace with these changes. Therefore, changing the approach towards the city organization to respond to current and future challenges is vital. Self-organizing cities are considered a new paradigm in the world's urban planning system, a comprehensive, multidimensional, and complex phenomenon based on a framework of new theories. On the other hand, the problems arising from the dispersion of opinions in the literature on the self-organizing city and the lack of consensus on its theoretical definition are doubled when entering the field of the organizational city. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to explain the paradigmatic foundations governing the self-organizing city. To achieve the aforementioned goal, the meta-analysis method based on the PRISMA model has been used to identify and classify the theoretical and paradigmatic self-organizing city (in the initial search, articles from 1944 to 2024 were considered, and 27 articles were selected for analysis after the final screening). The research findings indicate that self-organization originates from three different theories: distributed structure theory, synergy theory, and autopoietic theory, emphasizing different principles including external and internal orientation of the system, and the philosophical dimensions of the urban self-organization theory are inspired by two critical realist and poststructural ontologies, so that these two epistemological perspectives see it beyond positivism and cause-and-effect relationships, a bridge to connect the non-human world and the human world, a space for planning dynamics that is compatible with unforeseen conditions. Therefore, it can be concluded that urban self-organization is a multi-layered process resulting from the interaction of structural forces, local actions, and identity reproduction, and effective urban planning should focus on facilitating and strengthening these capacities.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Cityـorganizing
Self-organization city
paraself-organized city paradigm
PRISMA model
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دوره 18، شماره 53
زمستان 1404
صفحه 1-16

  • تاریخ دریافت 06 اسفند 1403
  • تاریخ بازنگری 23 آبان 1404
  • تاریخ پذیرش 29 آبان 1404