Vision-Based Pedestrian Movement Modeling in Architectural and Urban Spaces (A research on a visual-spatial perception analytical model)

Document Type : Original Article

Abstract

This paper investigates and introduces the exosomatic visual architecture (EVA) model which have been shown to correlate well with observed pedestrian movement in both building and urban environments. This model is based on view and visual perception of an observer in the space and could be used as an analytical tool in urban design and architecture. The approach of this paper is to give a methodology to analyze the behavior of pedestrians in a built environment depending on the syntax and composition of mass and space. For the purpose, this paper explores the basic concepts and definitions of EVA model first. Then by applying the chosen methodology and comparing the results with real inputs of pedestrians itinerary choosing, the model has been tested in both schematic samples and a real urban design project.

Keywords


—Benedikt, M.L. )1979( "To Take Hold of Space: Isovists and Isovist Fields", Environment and Planning
B: Planning and Design 6: 47 – 65.
—Epstein, J.M. & Axtell, R. (1996) "Growing Artificial Societies", Social Science from the Bottom Up,
Brookings Institution,Washington DC.
—Gibson, J.J. (1979) "The Ecological Approach to Visual Perception", Houghton Mifflin, Boston.
(Currently published by Lawrence Eribaum, Hillsdale, NJ.)
—Helbing, D. & Molnar, P. (1997) "Self-Organization Phenomena in Pedestrian Crowds", in Self Organization
of Complex Structures: From Individual to Collective Dynamics Eds F Schweitzer, H Haken , Gordon and Breach,
Amsterdam: 569 -577.
—Hillier, B. & Hanson, J. (1984) "The Social Logic of Space" , Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
—Hillier, B. & Penn, A. & Hanson, J. & Grajewski, T. & Xu, J. (1993) "Natural Movement: or, Configuration
and Attraction in Urban Pedestrian Movement", Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design 20
: 29 -66.
—Hoogendoorn, S. & Bovy, P. & Daamen, W.(2001) "Microscopic Pedestrian Wayfinding and Dynamics
Modeling", in Pedestrian and Evacuation Dynamics Eds M Schreckenberg, S Sharma, Springer,
Heidelberg: 123 – 154.
—Lang, Jon. (2005) "Urban Design: A Typology of Procedures and Products", Architectural Press,
London.
—Neisser, U. (1994) "Multiple Systems:a New Approach to Cognitive Theory", European Journal of
Cognitive Psychology 6: 225 – 241.
—Palmer, James F. (2004) "Using Spatial Metrics to Predict Scenic Perception in a Changing
Landscape", Landscape and Urban Planning 69: 201–218.
—Schumann, G. (2006)"The Refix Model: Remote Sensing Based Flood Modeling", ISPRS Commission
VII Mid-Term Symposium, “Remote Sensing: From Pixels to Processes”, Enschede, the Netherlands:
8-11.
—Turner, A. & Doxa, M. & O’Sullivan, D. & Penn, A. (2001) "From Isovists to Visibility Graphs: a
Methodology for the Analysis of Architectural Space", Environment and Planning, B: Planning and
Design 28: 103-121.
—Turner, A. & Penn, A. (2002) "Encoding Natural Movement as an Agent-Based System: an Investigation
into Human Pedestrian Behavior in the Built Environment", Environment and Planning B: Planning and
Design 29: 473-490
—Turner, Alasdair. (2001) "Depthmap: A Program to Perform Visibility Graph Analysis", 3rd
International Symposium on Space Syntax, Georgia Institute of Technology: 7–11.
—Turner, Alasdair. (2006) "Isovists Occlusions and the Exosomatic Visual Architecture", Bartlett
School of Graduate Studies, UCL, London.