حفاظت از میراث تاریخی ارامنه آذربایجان شرقی با استفاده از دستورالعمل حفاظتی ایتالیا، مورد مطالعاتی: کلیسای سرکیس مقدس تبریز

قره ایاقی, سمیرا; آخوندی, فرهاد; نامی, صفیه

doi:10.22034/aaud.2025.493250.2946

حفاظت از میراث تاریخی ارامنه آذربایجان شرقی با استفاده از دستورالعمل حفاظتی ایتالیا، مورد مطالعاتی: کلیسای سرکیس مقدس تبریز

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

سمیرا قره ایاقی ¹

فرهاد آخوندی ²

صفیه نامی ³

¹ کارشناسی ارشد استحکام بخشی بناهای تاریخی، دانشکده معماری و شهرسازی دانشگاه هنر اسلامی تبریز، ایران (نویسنده مسئول).

² دانشیار گروه فناوری معماری، دانشکده معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه هنر اسلامی تبریز، ایران.

³ مربی گروه فناوری معماری، دانشکده معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه هنر اسلامی تبریز، ایران.

10.22034/aaud.2025.493250.2946

چکیده

معماری کلیساهای ارامنه بخش مهمی از تاریخ معماری ایران را تشکیل می‌دهد و از این میان کلیساهای شمال غرب ایران به دلیل قدمت و اثرات فرهنگی، از ارزش بالایی برخوردارند. کلیسای سرکیس مقدس تبریز با قدمت 1821 میلادی، نمادی از حضور فرهنگ‌ها و ادیان مختلف در این منطقه قلمداد می‌‌شود اما با این حال، مورد توجه قرار نگرفته و تحقیقات محدودی در زمینه آن انجام شده است. هدف این پژوهش، شناخت و گونه‌شناسی کلیسای سرکیس و بررسی رفتار آن در هنگام زلزله می‌باشد. بدین منظور، در این پژوهش از روش‌های ارزیابی کیفی و کمی به‌صورت تلفیقی استفاده شده و داده‌های پژوهش به‌وسیله مطالعات کتابخانه‌ای و جمع‌آوری داده‌های میدانی و ارزیابی کیفی بر اساس دستورالعمل‌های حفاظتی ایتالیا در محل پروژه انجام شد. ارزیابی کمی با استفاده از نرم‌افزار 3Muri انجام و رفتار بنا در زمان زلزله بررسی گردیده است. طبق نتایج، شاخص ایمنی لرزه‌ای بنا در هر دو روش ارزیابی کم‌تر از 1 می‌باشد که بیانگر ایمنی ناکافی سازه در برابر حوادث لرزه‌ای است. تحلیل حساسیت نیز این نتایج را تأیید می‌کند. مقایسه نتایج دو رویکرد ارزیابی نشان می‌دهد که روش کیفی محافظه‌کارانه‌تر و روش کمی دقیق‌‌تر است. طبق یافته‌ها، ترکیب ارزیابی کیفی و کمی ابزاری کارآمد برای درک جامع‌تر از عملکرد لرزه‌ای بناهای تاریخی بوده و علاوه بر شناسایی میزان آسیب‌پذیری، در طراحی راهبردهای حفاظتی نیز نقشی اساسی ایفا می‌‌کند. با توجه به موقعیت لرزه‌خیز شهر تبریز و اهمیت فرهنگی کلیسای سرکیس، نتایج بر حفاظت و مقاوم‌سازی این بنا به عنوان بخشی زنده از هویت تاریخی منطقه تأکید می‌کند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

حفاظت بناهای تاریخی

کلیساهای آذربایجان شرقی

کلیسای سرکیس مقدس

دستورالعمل حفاظتی ایتالیا

آسیب‌پذیری لرزه‌ای

عنوان مقاله English

Conservation of Armenian Historical Heritage in East Azerbaijan using the Italian Conservation Guidelines; Case Study: St. Sarkis Church in Tabriz

نویسندگان English

Samira Gharehayaghi ¹

Farhad Akhoundi ²

Safiyeh Nami ³

¹ M.A. in Strengthening Historical Monuments, Faculty of Architecture and Urbanism, Tabriz Islamic Art University, Iran (Corresponding Author).

² Associate Professor of Architectural Technology, Faculty of Architecture and Urbanism, Tabriz Islamic Art University, Iran.

³ Instructor of Architectural Technology, Faculty of Architecture and Urbanism, Tabriz Islamic Art University, Iran.

چکیده English

The architecture of Armenian churches holds a significant place in the history of Iranian architecture, particularly in northwest Iran, due to their age and cultural importance. One notable example is the St. Sarkis Church in Tabriz, which dates back to 1821 AD and represents the existence of various cultures and religions in the region. Unfortunately, this church has been neglected, and there has been limited research on it. The present study aims to investigate the architecture and typology of the St. Sarkis Church to assess its seismic behavior. It is mixed-method (qualitative-quantitative) research, in which the data are collected through library and field studies. In the qualitative section, the church is assessed according to the Italian conservation guidelines at the project site. In the quantitative section, its seismic behavior is examined using 3Muri software. The results demonstrate a seismic safety index of less than 1 for the building in both quantitative and qualitative assessments, indicating that the structure doesn’t provide sufficient safety when facing significant seismic events. Sensitivity analysis further confirms these results. A comparison of the qualitative and quantitative assessment approaches reveals that the qualitative method is more conservative, while the quantitative method shows a higher accuracy. The findings advocate for a hybrid(qualitative-quantitative) assessment approach as an effective tool for reaching a more comprehensive understanding of the seismic performance of historical buildings and identifying their seismic vulnerabilities. It is crucial for designing appropriate conservation strategies. Given the location of St. Sarkis Church in Tabriz, a seismic-prone area, and its cultural significance, the results underscore the importance of conserving and strengthening this building as a vital part of the region’s historical identity.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Conservation of Historical Monuments

Churches of East Azerbaijan

St. Sarkis Church

Italian Conservation Guidelines

Seismic Vulnerability

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