ارتقاء تعامل سالمندی و مکان، مورد مطالعاتی: سالمندان ایرانی مقیم تورنتو

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دکتری معماری، پردیس بین‌‌الملل کیش، دانشگاه تهران، کیش، ایران.

2 استاد گروه معماری، دانشکده هنرهای زیبا، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران (نویسنده مسئول).

3 استاد گروه معماری، دانشکده هنرهای زیبا، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران.

10.22034/aaud.2022.294384.2546

چکیده

محیط‌های مسکونی کنونی، آشکارا برای فعالیت‌ها و نیازهای سالمندان طراحی نشده‌‌اند و پرداختن به کیفیت تعاملات سالمندان با محیط کالبدی پیرامون ضروری است. از طرفی نسبت درصد جمعیت سالمندان به کل جمعیت در دهه‌های آتی رو به افزایش است و جمعیت جهان به طور عام و ایران به طور خاص رو به سالمندی است. بنابراین در راستای رسیدن به ادراکی نظری و کاربردی از موضوع تعامل سالمندی در مکان؛ این پژوهش با هدف فهم چگونگی شکل‌گیری چنین تعاملی انجام شده است. برای رسیدن به این هدف، استراتژی پژوهشی کیفی انتخاب و سپس پروتکل مصاحبه بر اساس پنج بخش موضوعی شکل گرفت. سالمندان جامعه ایرانیان مقیم کانادا به عنوان نمونه‌‌های مورد مطالعه در دو گروه با تعداد مصاحبه‌شوندگان 43 نفر در موقعیت مکانی شهری و گروه دوم با تعداد مصاحبه‌شوندگان 50 نفر در حاشیه‌‌ شهر انتخاب شدند. پس از انجام مصاحبه‌‌های عمیق و به اشباع رسیدن پاسخ‌ها جامعه آماری کافی به نظر رسید. داده‌‌های حاصل از مصاحبه باز، موضوع‌های مشترکی را درباره احساسات سالمندان به مکان و فرآیند تأمل جهت تصمیم‌‌گیری برای سالمندی در مکان یا نقل مکان نشان داد. پنج کدگذاری موضوعی: اهمیت خانه؛ راحتی و آسایش خانه؛ ویژگی‌‌های محله و جامعه؛ دشواری مدیریت امور منزل و دغدغه‌‌های امنیت و ایمنی از طریق داده‌‌های کیفی دنبال شد. نتایج پژوهش نشان داد که سالمندان اغلب از چشم‌انداز کارکردی به خانه می‌‌نگرند و به آن دسته از ویژگی‌های محیطی که ماهیت غیرحمایتی دارند، اشاره صریح می‌کنند. در انتها، با استناد به یافته‌‌های پژوهشی، مفهوم خانه‌‌ حمایت‌‌کننده‌‌ از تعامل سالمندی در مکان از طریق شش مؤلفه (طراحی چندین حیطه برای خانه؛ ایجاد مرزهای نفوذپذیر و حاشیه‌‌های شفاف؛ ایمنی محیط؛ تقویت دسترسی‌‌پذیری آشپزخانه؛ سرویس بهداشتی و حمام‌‌های حمایت‌‌کننده سالمندی در مکان و دسترسی به طبیعت) با محوریت محل سکونت سالمندان تعریف شده است.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Promoting Aging-place Interaction; Case Study: Iranian Elderlies Living in Toronto

نویسندگان [English]

  • Saeedreza Siadetan 1
  • Alireza Einifar 2
  • Shahin Heydari 3
1 Ph.D. in Architecture, Kish International Campus, University of Tehran, Kish, Iran.
2 Professor of Architecture, Faculty of Architecture, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran (Corresponding Author).
3 Professor of Architecture, Faculty of Architecture, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
چکیده [English]

The current residential environments have not been designed for the activities and needs of elderlies, so addressing the quality of interaction between older adults and the surrounding physical environment is necessary. On the other hand, the ratio of the elderly population percent to the total population is increasing in the upcoming decades, and the world in general, and Iran, in particular experience aging. Therefore, this study was conducted to find how aging interaction is shaped in the place to achieve a theoretical and practical perception of aging interaction in the place. To do this, a qualitative research strategy was selected and the interview protocol was pursued based on the five topics. Older adults from the Iranian community living in Canada were selected as studied samples, and assigned to two groups, including 43 interviewees in urban place situations and 50 interviewees living in suburbs. After the in-depth interviews were done, the responses were saturated, and sufficient statistical society was obtained. The data obtained from open interviews share some subjects about older adults' feelings about the place and the reflection process for making decisions about aging in the place or relocation. Five thematic coding categories were pursued through qualitative data: the importance of the house, house comfort, properties of the neighborhood and community, difficulty in home affairs handling, and safety and security concerns. The study results indicate that elderlies pay more attention to the functional aspect of the house and immediately point to those environmental properties with unsupportive natures. Ultimately, the research findings indicate that the concept of a house supporting aging interaction in place has been defined based on the residence place of older adults through six components: designing several realms for the house, creating permeable borders and transparent margins, environment safety, improving kitchen access, restrooms, and bathrooms supporting aging in place, and access to nature.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Aging Interaction in Place
  • Elder-Friendly Housing
  • Iranian Elderlies Living in Canada
  • Environmental Properties of Aging
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