بررسی تطبیقی ویژگی‌های معماری کالبدی بناهای دوره ساسانی، مورد مطالعاتی: کاخ اردشیر بابکان در فیروزآباد و آتشکده‌ی کوه‌خواجه در سیستان

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد مطالعات معماری ایران، دانشکده هنر و معماری، دانشگاه زابل، زابل، ایران.

2 دانشیار گروه معماری، دانشکده هنر و معماری، دانشگاه زابل، زابل، ایران (نویسنده مسئول).

3 دانشیار گروه معماری، دانشکده هنر و معماری، دانشگاه زابل، زابل، ایران.

10.22034/aaud.2022.328100.2617

چکیده

مطالعه و بازشناخت بناهای تاریخی به‌ویژه بناهای پیش از اسلام که کم‌تر مورد توجه قرار گرفته‌‌اند، از ملزومات پژوهشگران در زمینه‌ی درک بهتر از معماری گذشتگان و الهام از نحوه‌ی برخورد معماران گذشته با مسئله‌ی معماری است. در این میان بررسی بناهایی که از نظر کارکردی و یا دوره‌ی زمانی دارای مشابهت، اما در موقعیت مکانی دارای تفاوت‌‌هایی هستند، می‌‌تواند در یافتن پاسخ‌‌های متفاوت به حل مسئله‌ی طراحی ساختمان، مفید واقع گردد. کوه‌خواجه هم از نظر موقعیت قرارگیری و استراتژیک و هم از نظر تقدس، دارای اهمیت است و در اکثر متون چه پیش از اسلام و چه پس از آن، از این کوه نام برده شده است. کاخ اردشیر بابکان نیز از نظر قرارگیری در طبیعت و بعضی از الگوهای معماری و عملکردی دارای شباهت‌‌های زیادی با کوه‌خواجه است. بنابراین با توجه به قرابت و نزدیکی این بناها از نظر کارکردی در برخی بخش‌‌ها و همچنین دوره‌ی زمانی، جهت بررسی در این تحقیق، انتخاب گردیدند. در این راستا، این مقاله با بررسی تطبیقی بین کاخ اردشیر بابکان در فیروزآباد و قلعه ‌کافرون در کوه خواجه، در پی کشف و بررسی تشابهات این دو بنا در موقعیت و اطلاعات کلی، ویژگی‌‌های کالبدی طرح و ویژگی‌‌های تزئیناتی، می‌‌باشد. برای این منظور از روش توصیفی تحلیلی و تاریخی- تفسیری، با استفاده از مشاهده‌ی مستقیم از بناهای مورد بررسی، برداشت‌‌های میدانی و مطالعه‌ی اسنادی و باستان‌‌شناسی استفاده شده است. با بررسی‌‌های صورت‌گرفته نتایج نشان داد که بناهای مذکور در برخی از ویژگی‌های کلی طرح و الگوهای اصلی طراحی دارای شباهت زیادی به هم هستند و در پاره‌ای از جزئیات طراحی مانند تزئینات و تناسبات فضاها دارای تفاوت چشم‌گیری می‌باشند.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Comparative Study of Physical Architectural Features of Sassanid Period Monuments; Case Study: Ardeshir Babakan Palace in Firuzabad and Kooh-e-Khajeh Fire Temple in Sistan

نویسندگان [English]

  • Neda Naseri 1
  • Abolfazl Heidari 2
  • Jamshid Davtalab 3
  • Maryam Fathi 1
1 MSc in Iran Architecture Studies, Faculty of Art and Architecture, Zabol University, Zabol, Iran.
2 Associate Professor of Architecture, Faculty of Art and Architecture, Zabol University, Zabol, Iran (Corresponding Author).
3 Associate Professor of Architecture, Faculty of Art and Architecture, Zabol University, Zabol, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Study and recognition of historical monuments especially pre-Islam monuments that received less attention is necessary for researchers to understand the architecture of ancestors and find how the architects dealt with architecture in the past. In this lieu, the monuments with similar functions or times located in different places can be examined to find useful answers to building design issues. Kooh-e-Khajeh is important in terms of location regarding location, strategic status, and sanctity, so this mount has been named in most texts. Ardeshir Babakan Palace is similar to Kooh-e-Khajeh in terms of its location nature and some architectural and functional patterns. Therefore, this study chose these monuments of their similar functions and time. For this purpose, this paper conducted a comparative study between Ardeshir Babakan Palace in Firuzabad and Kafaran Castle in Kooh-e-Khajeh to discover and examine similarities between these two monuments regarding location and general profiles, physical specifications of design, and decorative properties. To do this, descriptive-analytical and historical-interoperative techniques, direct observation of studied monuments, field observations, documentary study, and archeology have been used. The examination results show that the mentioned monuments share some similar properties in terms of general features of design and main patterns of design while having considerable differences in some design details, such as decorations and proportions of spaces.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Architecture of Sassanid Period
  • Ardeshir Babakan Palace of Firuzabad
  • Kooh-e-Khajeh
  • Kafaran Castle
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