الگوهای کالبدی و معماری همسایگی در بافت تاریخی شهر دزفول (اصول معماری همسایگی و ابزارهای معمارانه)

حیاتی, حامد; عامری, محمد امین

doi:10.22034/aaud.2023.354887.2697

الگوهای کالبدی و معماری همسایگی در بافت تاریخی شهر دزفول (اصول معماری همسایگی و ابزارهای معمارانه)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

¹ استادیار گروه معماری، دانشکده فنی و مهندسی، دانشگاه قم، قم، ایران (نویسنده مسئول).

² دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد معماری، دانشکده معماری و عمران، موسسه آموزش عالی جهاد دانشگاهی خوزستان، اهواز، ایران.

10.22034/aaud.2023.354887.2697

چکیده

همسایگی یکی از عوامل مهم تعاملات اجتماعی و حضور مردم در اجتماع است. محلات و فضاهای عمومی یکی از عوامل مهم در معماری همسایگی می‌‌باشد. امروزه به‌دلیل تغییرات گسترده در ساخت‌وسازهای شهری کم‌تر به روابط بین مردم در اجتماع توجه شده ولی در بافت‌‌های سنتی شهرها میزان روابط همسایگی بیش‌تر است و این به‌دلیل نوع الگوهای معماری همسایگی به‌کار گرفته شده در بافت‌‌های سنتی می‌‌باشد. این پژوهش در پی معرفی الگوهای کالبد معماری است که با شناسایی، تجزیه و تحلیل کالبدی عرصه‌‌های همسایگی، ضمن گونه‌‌شناسی الگوهای کالبدی، به معرفی ابزارها و اصول معمارانه در این معماری پرداخته شده و هدف آن معرفی این الگوها در بافت تاریخی شهر دزفول است. روش پژوهش، از منظر شناخت در الگوی تفسیری یا برساختی (ساختارگرایی) نظری، از منظر (شیوه استدلال) تطبیقی، از منظر نوع داده‌‌ها، کمی (ترکیبی) و کیفی، از منظر نوع نتایج توصیفی- تحلیلی و از منظر رهیافت تاریخی- تفسیری که به شیوه تحلیل گردآوری داده کتابخانه‌‌ای (اسنادی) و ابزار نقشه‌خوانی، فیش‌برداری و سندخوانی انجام شده است. با این روش ابتدا نمونه‌‌های هر دوره توصیف و پس از آن مورد تحلیل و بررسی و قرار گرفته‌‌اند؛ و ویژگی‌‌ها و نیز الگو یا الگوهای موجود هر دوره معرفی شده‌‌اند. نتایج پژوهش نشان می‌‌دهد که بهره گرفتن از ابزارهای معمارانه‌‌ای همچون تغییر مصالح کف، جداره‌‌های بلند و کوتاه معابر، تغییرات در نور و سایه، مسقف کردن کوچه‌‌ها و معابر، ایجاد اختلاف سطح، تغییر در تناسب و تزیینات، سه الگوی اولیه همسایگی برای عرصه‌‌های نیمه‌عمومی در بافت تاریخی شکل داده‌‌اند که شامل الگوهای ساباط، ورودی، دربند (کوچه‌‌های بن‌‌بست) می‌‌باشند و مواردی همچون امنیت، محرمیت، خلوت، آسایش اقلیمی و عملکردی و مردم‌‌واری میزان حضور مردم در این عرصه‌‌ها را افزایش داده‌‌اند. این نقاط مثبت در معماری بافت تاریخی باعث رابطه‌‌ای نزدیک بین همسایگان شده که از آن به عنوان معماری همسایگی یاد می‌‌شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Physical Patterns and Neighborhood Architecture in the Historical Context of Dezful City (Principles of Neighborhood Architecture and Architectural Tools)

نویسندگان [English]

Hamed Hayati ¹
Mohammad Amin Ameri ²

¹ Assistant Professor of Architecture, Faculty of Technical and Engineering, Qom University, Qom, Iran (Corresponding Author).

² M.A. Student in Architecture, Faculty of Architecture and Construction, Khuzestan University Jihad Institute of Higher Education, Ahvaz, Iran.

چکیده [English]

Neighborhood is one of the important factors of social interactions, and the presence of people in the community, neighborhoods, and public spaces are significant factors in neighborhood architecture. Today, because of widespread changes in urban construction, less attention is paid to the relationships between people in the community. Still, in the traditional contexts of cities, the amount of neighborhood relations is higher due to the type of neighborhood architectural patterns used in traditional contexts. This research aims to present architectural body patterns, which, by recognizing and analyzing the physical areas of the neighborhood, along with the typology of physical patterns, introduces architectural tools and principles in this architecture, and its purpose is to introduce these patterns in the historical context of Dezful city. The research method, from the perspective of knowledge in the theoretical interpretive or constructional model, is structuralism, from the standpoint of method of reasoning is comparative, from the perspective of the type of data is quantitative (mixed) and qualitative, from the perspective of the type of results is descriptive-analytical and from the perspective of approach is historical-interpretive that is analyzed via collection of library data (documents) and map reading tools, note taking and document reading. By this method, the samples of each period are first described and then analyzed and examined, and the features and existing patterns of each course have been presented. The results of the research reveal that using architectural tools such as changing floor materials, long and short passage walls, changes in light and shadow, roofing alleys and passages, creating a difference in level, and changing proportions and decorations has shaped the three basic neighborhood patterns for semi-urban areas in the historical context, which includes patterns, sabat, entrance, Darband (dead-end alleys). Issues like security, privacy, secrecy, climatic and functional comfort, and people's love have increased people's presence in these fields. These positive points in the architecture of the historical context have caused a close relationship between neighbors, which is called neighborhood architecture.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

Neighborhood Architecture
Neighborhood Relations
Physical Patterns
Historical Context
Dezful

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