گونه‌شناسی و تحلیل پایداری لرزه‌ای طاق‌های شهر تاریخی ماسوله

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دکتری معماری، دانشکده هنر و معماری، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تبریز، تبریز، ایران.

2 استاد گروه معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه هنر اسلامی تبریز، تبریز، ایران.

3 دانشیار گروه معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تبریز، تبریز، ایران (نویسنده مسئول).

4 دانشیار گروه فرش، دانشگاه هنر اسلامی تبریز، تبریز، ایران.

10.22034/aaud.2023.352656.2691

چکیده

طاق‌ها از کارآمدترین ابداعاتی هستند که معماران برای پوشش سقف‌ها، دهانه‌های وسیع و همچنین به‌عنوان عناصر تزئیناتی در بناهای مختلف از آن‌ها بهره برده‌اند. هدف پژوهش، گونه‌شناسی و نحوه عملکرد طاق‌های شهر تاریخی ماسوله در هنگام وقوع زلزله است. سؤالات پژوهش بدین شرح است: در معماری شهر تاریخی ماسوله از چندین گونه مختلف طاق استفاده‌شده است؟ کدام‌یک از طاق‌های ماسوله در هنگام وقوع زلزله از عملکرد سازه‌ای مناسب‌تری برخوردار هستند؟ روش تحقیق، به‌صورت مطالعات میدانی است و جهت تحلیل مقاومت زلزله‌ای طاق‌های ماسوله از نرم‌افزار المان محدود آباکوس 2022 و اطلاعات زلزله‌های شهرهای؛ بم (سال 1382)، رودبار منجیل (سال 1369) و طبس (سال 1357) استفاده‌ شده است. نتایج پژوهش نشان‌دهنده آن است؛ شهر تاریخی ماسوله دارای 19 طاق است و طاق‌های پنج او هفت تند و کند رایج‌ترین گونه‌‌های طاق هستند. روش ساخت طاق به‌صورت رومی رایج‌ترین روشی است که در معماری ماسوله به‌کار گرفته‌شده است. نتایج پژوهش نشان‌دهنده آن است؛ 78 درصد از طاق‌های ماسوله دارای ظرفیت مناسب سازه‌ای در برابر زلزله هستند و محله‌های کشه‌سر با 37 درصد و محله خانه‌بر با 21 درصد دارای بیش‌ترین طاق‌ها و محله ریحانه‌بر با 10 درصد دارای کم‌ترین میزان به‌کارگیری طاق‌ در ماسوله هستند. همچنین نتایج تحلیل‌های زلزله‌ای طاق‌های 19گانه ماسوله نشان‌دهنده آن است؛ قوس هفت او پنج کند که به‌صورت روش آجرچینی رومی واقع در محله اسدمحله است، دارای ضعیف‌ترین عملکرد سازه‌ای در برابر زلزله بوده است و طاق چهل‌وپنج درجه‌ای با روش ساخت رومی واقع در محله مسجدبر، دارای مناسب‌ترین عملکرد سازه‌ای در شبیه زلزله‌ای بوده است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Typology and Seismic Stability Analysis of the Vaults of the Historical City of Masouleh

نویسندگان [English]

  • Saeid Hasanpour Loumer 1
  • Ahad Nejad Ebrahimi 2
  • Hassan Sattari Sarebangholi 3
  • Ali Vand Shoari 4
1 Ph.D. in Architecture, Faculty of Art and Architecture, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz Branch, Tabriz, Iran.
2 Professor of Architecture and Urban Development, Tabriz University of Islamic Arts, Tabriz, Iran.
3 Associate Professor of Architecture and Urban Development, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz Branch, Tabriz, Iran (Corresponding Author).
4 Associate Professor of Carpets, Tabriz University of Islamic Arts, Tabriz, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Vaults are among the most effective architectural innovations for covering ceilings and wide spans, which also serve as decorative elements in various buildings. The aim of the present study was to investigate different types of vaults in the historical city of Masouleh and their performance when an earthquake unfolds. For this, the study raised some questions, as follows: “How many types of vaults have been used in the historical city of Masouleh?” and “Which vaults of Masouleh City demonstrate better structural performance when an earthquake occurs?” Methodologically, the study fell under field surveys. Abaqus finite element software (2022 version) was used to analyze the seismic resistance of Masouleh’s vaults; also, data from Bam (2003), Roudbar Manjil (1989) and Tabas (1978) earthquakes were used. Findings indicated that the historical city of Masouleh has 19 vaults, with the so-called steep and gentle Panj-o-Haft vaults being the most common types. Roman vault-construction methods are the most common techniques employed in Masouleh architecture. Findings also suggested that 78% of the city’s vaults are structurally strong to withstand earthquakes. The Keshah-Sar and Khaneh-Bar Neighborhoods, meantime, hold the highest number of vaults at 37 and 21%, respectively, and the Reihaneh-Bar Neighborhood holds the lowest number of vaults at 10%. Also, the seismic analysis results of the 19 vaults of the city of Masouleh indicated that the gentle Haft-o-Panj vaults, seen in Roman brick-laying forms in the Asad Mahalleh Neighborhood, had the worst structural performance against earthquakes. Meanwhile, the 45° vault, constructed in Roman styles in the Masjed-Bar Neighborhood, featured the best structural performance against earthquakes.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Historical City of Msuleh
  • Vault
  • Earthquakes
  • Traditional Architecture

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  • تاریخ دریافت: 29 تیر 1401
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 26 مهر 1402
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 02 آذر 1402

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