بازشناسی «سازمان فضایی پلان» و «فنون ساخت» در کالبد ابنیه‌‌ی تاریخی شهر حوضدار سیستان به استناد منابع تاریخی و مطالعات باستان‌‌شناسی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشیار گروه معماری، دانشکده هنر و معماری، دانشگاه زابل، زابل، ایران.

2 دانشیار گروه معماری، دانشکده هنر و معماری، دانشگاه زابل، زابل، ایران (نویسنده مسئول).

3 دانشجوی کارشناسی ‌‌ارشد مطالعات معماری ایران، دانشکده هنر و معماری، دانشگاه زابل، زابل، ایران.

4 دانشجوی کارشناسی‌‌ارشد مطالعات معماری ایران، دانشکده هنر و معماری، دانشگاه زابل، زابل، ایران.

10.22034/aaud.2023.371289.2735

چکیده

شهر حوضدار که در بخش شمالی سیستان واقع شده، دارای بناهای متعدد تاریخی است که متأسفانه به‌دلیل قرارگرفتن در مسیر رودخانه، دچار آسیب فراوان شده و بخش اعظم آن از بین رفته است. تنها در تعداد اندکی از بناهای مهم باقی‌مانده از این شهر، اقدامات حفاظتی در جهت جلوگیری از تخریب بیش‌تر، صورت گرفته است. بنابراین حفظ و احیاء این آثار که لازمه‌‌ی آن مطالعه، بررسی و شناخت کامل آن‌‌ها است، امری ضروری و درخور توجه است. هدف از انجام این تحقیق بازشناسی و بررسی ویژگی‌‌های کالبدی معماری در بناهای تاریخی شهر حوضدار در راستای مستندسازی آثار و حفظ و احیاء بناهای تاریخی این محدوده است. بدین‌ترتیب نگارندگان با استفاده از روش توصیفی‌‌- تحلیلی و در بخشی از تحقیق با به‌کارگیری روش تاریخی‌‌- ‌‌تفسیری، تحقیق را صورت دادند. بخش ادبیات تحقیق با بررسی اسناد و تصاویر معتبر و بخش میدانی آن با مشاهده‌‌ی مستقیم از بناها و همچنین مصاحبه، انجام شده است. نتایج تحقیق نشان داد که در بخش «سازمان‌‌دهی فضایی پلان» شاخص‌‌ترین الگوهای به‌کار گرفته شده، پیروی از نظم هندسی، انتظام فضایی باز، بسته و نیمه‌‌باز، قرینگی، به‌کارگیری ایوان، وجود سلسله‌‌مراتب دسترسی و ایجاد تداوم بصری هستند. در بخش «فنون ساخت در کالبد بناها» می‌‌توان به به‌کارگیری خشت و گل در ساخت، ترکیب سقف گنبدی با حجم خالص بنا، ارتفاع زیاد در هر طبقه از بناها و کاربرد فراوان فیلپوش، اشاره نمود. در خصوص وجوه تمایز بناهای شهر حوضدار با سایر شهرهای صفوی نیز، این‌گونه می‌‌توان استنباط نمود که «سازمان‌‌دهی فضایی پلان» به سبک معماری صفوی در سایر شهرها بوده اما «فنون ساخت» بیش‌تر از الگوهای ساسانی در این منطقه و الگوهای بومی در روستاهای اطراف، برگرفته شده است.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Recognizing "plan spatial organization" and "construction techniques" in the historical buildings of Hozdar City of Sistan with Reference to Historical Sources and Archeological Studies

نویسندگان [English]

  • Abolfazl Heidari 1
  • Jamshid Davtalab 2
  • Neda Naseri 3
  • Maryam Fathi 4
1 Department of Architecture, Faculty of Art and Architecture. University of Zabol, Zabol. Iran.
2 Department of Architecture,, Faculty of Art and Architecture,, University of Zabol
3 Department of Architecture, Faculty of Art and Architecture. University of Zabol. Zabol. Iran
4 Department of Architecture, Faculty of art and architecture, University of Zabol. Zabol. Iran
چکیده [English]

The vastness of Iran and the climatic zoning in its different regions have made it possible to create architectures with different characteristics during different historical periods in different places, which are valuable for further study and recognition. Unfortunately, these valuable models of native architecture are being lost and destroyed in many parts of the country due to erosion caused by natural and human factors. Due to the lack of study and recognition of these native architectural values, no effort has been made to preserve and revive these works; Therefore, research in these fields and understanding its patterns will help to preserve and revive the valuable native architecture of these regions. Examining the native and historical architecture of different region, especially the unknown regions of Iran, reveals valuable and distinctive features of the country's architecture. Sistan is one of the regions that has many valuable historical buildings in terms of architecture, especially related to the Sassanid and Safavid eras. The city of Hozdar that is located in the northern part of Sistan, has many historical buildings, which, unfortunately, due to being located on the way of river, have been completely damaged and most of them have been destroyed and in only a few of the remaining important buildings of this city, protective measures have been taken to prevent further destruction; therefore, the preservation and revival of these works, which require study, investigation and complete recognition; it is necessary and worthy of attention. There are different settlements related to different historical periods in this city but the prosperity and construction of a huge part of it happened in the Safavid period. In the previous researches, the focus of the researcher was on the landmark building of this region and conducting quantitative climate research on the cooling spaces of this complex.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Sistan
  • Hozdar City
  • Machi Castle
  • Rostam Castle
  • Asbad
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