عوامل موثر در ارتقاء خلاقیت کودکان 3-6 سال در فضاهای باز آموزشی شهر تهران بر اساس مدل منشوری خلاقیت

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 مربی گروه معماری، دانشکده معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه علم و صنعت ایران، تهران، ایران (نویسنده مسئول).

2 دانشیار گروه معماری، دانشکده معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه هنر اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران.

3 دانشیار گروه معماری، دانشکده معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه علم و صنعت ایران، تهران، ایران.

4 دانشیار گروه علوم‌تربیتی، دانشکده علوم انسانی، دانشگاه شهید رجایی، تهران، ایران.

10.22034/aaud.2023.370496.2734

چکیده

کودکان حدود 25 درصد از زمان خود در محیط آموزشی را در فضای باز سپری می‌کنند. این فضا می‌تواند پاسخگوی نیازهای مختلف روحی و جسمانی، هنری و آموزشی (افزایش یادگیری و رشد خلاقیت) باشد و از این جهت جایگاه بسیار مهمی ‌در طراحی فضاهای آموزشی دارد. اما متاسفانه بی توجهی به منظرسازی فضای باز آموزشی به خصوص برای سن پیش از دبستان محسوس است. این امر لزوم و ضرورت توجه به طراحی اصولی این فضای مهم را در جهت ارتقای خلاقیت کودکان مبرز می‌دارد. بنابراین هدف این پژوهش بسترسازی و ارتقاء کیفی فضاهای باز مراکز آموزشی در راستای تقویت نقش این فضاها بر رشد خلاقیت کودکان 3-6 سال است. با مرور ادبیات موضوع، متغیرهای موثر بر خلاقیت شناسایی و دسته‌بندی شدند. با انجام آزمون باز پاسخ (با روش کیفی) نگرش طراحانه معماران و متخصصین علوم‌تربیتی و روان‌شناسی متخصص در زمینه خلاقیت کودکان، در راستای بهینه‌سازی فضاهای باز آموزشی به منظور رشد خلاقیت خردسالان به صورت تشریحی با روش تحلیل محتوا بررسی شد. با اتکا به یافته‌های تست باز پاسخ و مرور ادبیات، پرسش‌نامه‌ی بسته‌پاسخ بین جامعه مربیان مهدکودک و پیش دبستانی شهر تهران توزیع شد. سپس با اجرای تحلیل عاملی اکتشافی با استفاده از نرم‌افزار SPSS16 روی نتایج پرسش‌نامه‌ها شش عامل "مشارکت و تجربه، بهزیستی روانی، تحریک‌کنندگی عناصر طبیعی محیط، تنوع‌پذیری عملکرد، سرزندگی محیط و انگیزش محیطی" معرفی شدند و با استفاده از تحلیل مسیر در AMOS26 یک مدل منشوری برای تحلیل رابطه عوامل تدوین شد. جهت اعتبارسنجی و به‌دلیل اهمیت نظر کودکان در خصوص فضای مورد استفاده آن‌ها، از 60 کودک تست نقاشی همراه با مصاحبه نیمه‌سازمان یافته انجام شد و یافته‌های پژوهش تایید شدند. شایان ذکر است تفصیل عوامل فوق با توجه به سوالاتی که هر یک از عوامل را تشکیل می‌دهند، می‌تواند به فهرست اصول طراحی محوطه باز برای کودکان منتهی و موضوع تحقیقات آتی قرار گیرد. همچنین استفاده از متغیر کنترل جنسیت ممکن است به دسته‌بندی متفاوتی منجر شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Effective factors in improving the creativity of 3-6 year old children in open educational spaces based on the model

نویسندگان [English]

  • reyhaneh sadat tabatabaei yeganeh 1
  • minoo shafaei 2
  • farhang mozafar 3
  • bahram salehsedghpour 4
1 PhD Graduated in architecture
2
3
4
چکیده [English]

Children spend about 25% of their time in the educational open spaces, as the outdoor space for preschool children (3-6 years) can influence mental ,physical, artistic and educational needs, which all have interconnections with creativity growth. Considering the neglect of landscape design, researchers shall pay attention to the principled design of this important space in order to promote children's creativity. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to improve the quality of open space educational environments in order to strengthen the role of these spaces in the growth of children's creativity. Based on the literature review, the influential factors on creativity were identified and categorized. an open-ended test (with a qualitative method) conducted to gather the attitude of architects and specialists in psychology and educational sciences who are experts in the field of children's creativity, aiming to optimize open educational spaces in and develop the creativity of children aged 3-6years. The results studied descriptively by content analysis method. Relying on the findings of the open-ended test and literature review, a closed-ended questionnaire was published between the kindergarten and preschool community of Tehran. Then, by performing exploratory factor analysis using spss-26 software on the results of the questionnaires, 6factors were introduced: "inviting the environment to participation and experience, psychological well-being, stimulating natural elements of the environment, diversity of performance, environmental vitality and environmental motivation". The details of the above factors, given the questions that each factor poses, can lead to a list of principles of open space design for children that can be the subject of future research. The use of gender as a controlling factor can introduce subject for future studies.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Creativity
  • Open educational spaces
  • 3-6 years old child
  • Kindergarten
  • Preschool
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