تحلیلی بر تأثیرات ساختار کالبدی محیط های شهری در امنیت گردشگران، نمونه موردی: حوزه ثامن مادرشهر مشهد

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استاد گروه جغرافیا، دانشکده علوم انسانی، دانشگاه خوارزمی، تهران، ایران.

2 دانشجوی دکتری جغرافیا، دانشکده علوم انسانی، دانشگاه خوارزمی، تهران، ایران.

3 کارشناس ارشد جمعیت شناسی، دانشکده علوم اجتماعی، دانشگاه علامه طباطبایی، تهران، ایران.

چکیده

امروزه امنیت به عنوان مهمترین و زیربنائی ترین اصل در تدوین راهبُرد توسعه گردشگری به ویژه در شهرها به شمار می رود. در این بین عامل کالبدی و فیزیکی از جمله فضاهای بدون دفاع شهری یکی از مهمترین عوامل بروز ناامنی در محیط های گردشگری است. بنابراین، با توجه به ضرورت موضوع و عدم توجه کافی به تأثیرات امنیت در توسعه گردشگری، می توان گفت؛ در این مقاله که از نظر هدف،کاربردی-توسعه ای بوده و از نظر جمع آوری اطلاعات و داده ها و استنباط از آنان، یک تحقیق اسنادی - پیمایشی است سعی بر آن شده؛ این موضوع به طور موردی در حوزه شهرداری ثامن مادرشهر مشهد که بافت مرکزی مشهد را شامل می شود، مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گیرد. هدف آن بررسی وضعیت کالبدی حوزه مورد مطالعه و تأثیر آن بر میزان امنیت زائران و گردشگران می باشد. بررسی های صورت گرفته نتایج ذیل را شامل شد: _بافت کالبدی حوزه ثامن (از جمله وجود فضاهای بدون دفاع شهری) تأثیر مستقیمی بر روی افزایش آسیب های اجتماعی و در نتیجه ناامن شدن حوزه برای گردشگران و زائران داشته است. _تلفیق نامناسب کاربری ها از جمله تلفیق کاربری مسکونی (خانه های ویلایی و قدیمی) با کاربری های خدماتی گردشگری به ویژه هتل های بلندمرتبه و مراکز تجاری مدرن، منجر به ناامن شدن این حوزه شده است. _بیش از 55 درصد گردشگران، این حوزه را ناامن دانسته و بیش از 60 درصد آن ها وضعیت نامناسب کالبدی را مهمترین عامل در ناامن شدن آن معرفی کرده اند.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

The Analysis of the Impacts of Physical Structure of Urban Environment on the Tourists’ Security, Case Study: Samenzone of Mashhad

نویسندگان [English]

  • Simin Tavalaei 1
  • Seyed Dana Alizadeh 2
  • Parastoo Alizadeh 3
1 PhD Student in Geography, Faculty of Geography, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran.
2 Professor of Geography, Faculty of Geography, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran.
3 M.A. in Demography, Faculty of Social Sciences and Communications, Allameh Tabataba’i University, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

Accordingly, creation of security within Samen Municipality, in Mashhad city, requires basic efforts and special studies. Therefore, regarding to particular conditions of this area, the first and most important strategy in order to provide security for tourists is distribution of tourists which is done in specific tourism services. In addition, following suggestions can be expressed for security improvement in case study: • The first and most important suggestion that can be affected others, is prevention of excessive accumulation of pilgrims in some areas of this region and distribution of pilgrims in whole of city and all regions. • Change of proper land use within available land use in Samen region, that actually is a part of old and worn texture, can be helpful to prevent and reduce crime in urban areas; and throughout continuous and useful communication of planners and urban designers and town security forces, it will be achieved in relation with urban spaces. • Development educational, sanitary and sporty-recreational areas for social – economic achievements and keeping the population. It can be suggested that identification and abandon dilapidated buildings and changing their land use to health and educational facilities, sports and recreation areas should be done. • Through optimal location, distribution and urban security bases can reduce the probability of crime occurrence. • Although crime and insecurity have fundamental economic and social roots but role of space in reducing or exacerbating insecurity should not be neglected. Some of these cases include: compatible land uses mixing, creating proportion between forms and functions, achieve readability, orientation in space and time, existence sense of belonging to the social and geographical space, and paying attention to spatial gender design. • The relationship between social indicators and social security and building density should be reviewed and provided for Samen region. • Creating organizational and organic relationship between Samen region and adjacent areas through improved urban spaces, creating parks, mending and renovation of buildings and creating jobs in that ecosystem. • Perform policing strategies in Samen region such as strategy of rapid response to emergency calls, strategy of randomly patrol and strategy of employing guided patrols based on local patterns. • Providing spatial secure within residential neighborhoods with an emphasis on space, determining land use of lost and abandoned spaces. • Attention to security issues in urban renewed design of spaces particular pedestrian spaces can reduce some of no defense spaces through planning and principled design • Attention to security in urbanization and urban design of spaces, including special attention to proper lighting and optimal location lighting resource in regions. • Amplification of continuous presence of residents and tourists in spaces of this  region (continuous and permanent presence of residents and tourists) is caused by social security. In general, urban designers of non checkered design, proper definitions of land uses, eliminating blind spots, organizing and creating neighborhood can raise coefficient of urban security and prevention of crime. It is also considered that inside urban designers, architects, municipalities and other non-security institutions should implement actions such as lighting, correction of passages, creating special facilities, eliminating ruined and haunted places, and organizing high density spaces for creation of security and prevention of crime. While issues of security and prevention of crime in city are multifaceted issue that wouldn’t only supply an organization and institution, some factors such as citizen participation, effective presence of municipalities and other institutions should be considered.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • tourism
  • Security
  • Tourism Security
  • Physical Strictures
  • Samen Zone
  • Mashhad
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