تحلیل و سنجش تناسب کاربری زمین با استفاده از سیستم پشتیبان ،"Community Vizᵀᴹ"، نمونه موردی: شهر فیض آباد استان خراسان رضوی

Urban planning is a technical and political process concerned with the development and use of land. Land is the most important physical environment for supplying people’s welfare demands, which is at the same time the most valuable source of wealth. Land-use suitability analysis is one of the basic approaches in urban planning which can develop an optimized analysis of various land-uses through assessment, identification, and categorization of different land-uses into different categories. Analysis of the suitability of land-use has been employed in different scopes so far, including the analysis with an ecological approach to determine the suitability of land-use for special plant and animal species, agricultural activities, evaluation of environmental effects, and regional planning. The diversity of suitability of land-use in different studies is due to various definitions of land-use and its variable applications in different scientific scopes. Assessment of the suitability of land-use is one of the essential planning approaches which reduces conflicts in planning by choosing the best use, among the competing uses, for a piece of land. Suitability analysis of land use is a comprehensive application of ecology, earth science, system science, environmental science and computer science to analyze land development and utilization suitability for seeking the best pattern and planning of land use. Hence, identification of land-uses with low-suitability can enable us to provide necessary strategies and suggestions to improve the current situation and take effective actions to improve the suitability of land-uses throughout the city. The core of land use planning is the land suitability for a given utilization; therefore, it is necessary to evaluate land suitability. Land evaluation is the assessment process of land performance for specific purposes. This is a complex and multi-dimensional process, in which a large amount of variables must be simultaneously considered and decisions be made based on the value and weight of each of them. With so much technological advances today, it is now possible to process large amounts of variables in planning and decision making processes. In this regard, Community VizTM planning support system is an effective tool which momentarily identifies the most suitable lands for any land-use through processing various parameters to help planners in policy making or distinguishing positive consequences and provide participation. Community Viz is an ArcView GIs-based decision support system for community planning and design applications. The software is unique in fully integrating the words, numbers, maps, and images that planners and designers traditionally use for planning purposes into one, real-time, multidimensional environment. Research methodology is a descriptive-analytic method, and an applied study in terms of purpose. The descriptive-analytic method is based on the definition and description of basic concepts and the factors affecting the studied topic. In this methodology, it is attempted to decompose the topic, with a logical process, into its components, and identify the factors affecting the suitability of land-use. Finally, by analyzing these factors and their effects, the suitability of land-use with different classes is presented by Community VizTM Planning Support System. Information related to the selected indices of this research is elicited from the information available in the comprehensive plan. To do so, variables such as soil physical properties, land size and dimensions, topographical features, slope, ruggedness, and fault and earthquake risk rate, are used. After classifying different uses and preparing the layers of the analysis of the suitability of land use, several main classes are first taken into account and some indices are allocated to each class to determine the suitability of land use; then, the weight, importance factor, and rate of each index are explained through a questionnaire filled out by urban experts and authorities. Afterwards, the process of analyzing the suitability of land-use is started using Community VizTM at the developable area, separatedly for each land-use. Ultimately, the final map of suitability obtained for each use is illustrated. The method in this applied research is descriptive-analytic. The results of the analyses by Community VizTM Planning Support System shows that nearly 4.2 hectares (%2.5) of the current land-uses in the city of Fayzabad have less than 30% suitability, which can help decision-making and decision-makers to set effective policies, if provided to them. Moreover, as the research results show, more than 80% of available land-uses have a suitability level above the medium. Accordingly, the location uses has a suitability less than 30% are in a critical status, and these land-uses should be amended. Therefore, they can be either improved by applying executive solutions, or considered as vacant lands and utilized in the layer of development potentiality in urban development plans for allocation of land-uses.