خوانش طرح‌واره نمای ساختمان‌های شهری معاصر تهران در دوره پهلوی اول و دوم

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه معماری، واحد تهران غرب، دانشکده هنر و معماری، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران.

2 استادیار گروه معماری، واحد تهران غرب، دانشکده هنر و معماری، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران

3 استاد گروه معماری، دانشکده هنر و معماری، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران.

چکیده

سیمای شهری از نظام بصری و کارکردی ویژه‌ای تبعیت می‌کند که جامعیتی کارا به نمای شهر می‌بخشد. موضوعی که نیاز و ضرورت توجه به آن امروزه بیش از هر زمان دیگر احساس می‌شود. در سال‌های اخیر در ادبیات موضوع، ضرورت وحدت و انسجام بخشی به نمای ساختمان‌ها از طریق مراجعه به آثار ارزشمند میراث معماری معاصر ایران در دوران پهلوی اول و دوم مطرح شده است. نمای ساختمان و سیمای شهری در معماری ایرانی از جایگاه ویژه‌ای برخوردار بوده است. برای پیشبرد فرآیند پژوهش و پاسخگویی به سوالات پیش رو، از نظریه معماری سرآمد استفاده شده است. نمونه مورد مطالعه، بناهای ارزشمند دوره پهلوی اول و پهلوی دوم است. راهبرد پژوهش استدلال منطقی و روش تحقیق، توصیفی- تحلیلی است که در آن از تکنیک‌های تحلیلی گشتالت برای شناسایی و آنالیز الگوهای نظام‌مند تاریخی در نمای شـهری اسـتفاده می‌شود. روش استدلالی مقاله با استنتاج نتایج آماری، با هدف بازیابی اصول ادراکی حاکم بر نما و شهر، بر پایه مرور متون مرتبط و پرسش از صاحب‌نظران پیش می‌رود. نتایج پژوهش، به صورت برآیندی تجمیع شده تا مشخص شود در نماهای ارزشمند میراث معماری معاصر ایران، چگونه ارتباطی بین تناسبات فرمی و فرآیند ادراک نمای ساختمان توسط مخاطب وجود دارد. نتایج تحقیق حاضر بیانگر این واقعیت است که نماهای منتخب میراث معماری معاصر، تا آنجایی احساس غنا را در مخاطب ایجاد می‌نمایند که اغلب پاسخ‌دهندگان توانستند در رویارویی با نماها درک عمیقی از آن داشته باشند. بر اساس رویکرد جامع به مقوله معماری پایدار و هدایت طراحی معماری، می‌توان چنین استدلال نمود که غنای طراحی موجود در این نمونه‌ها، عاملی در جهت ایجاد ارتباط و تعامل با مخاطب است؛ به گونه‌ای که نمای ساختمان به‌عنوان بخشی از هویت بومی توسط مخاطب ادراک می‌شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Reading the Schema of the Contemporary Urban Building Facade of Tehran in the First and Second Pahlavi Eras

نویسندگان [English]

  • Sara Fardpour 1
  • Fariborz Dolatabadi 2
  • Mohammad Javad Mahdavi Nejad 3
1 Department of Architecture, Tehran Gharb Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
2 Department of Architecture, Tehran Gharb Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran .
3 Department of Architecture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Nowadays, it is necessary to consider the urban image, which follows functional and visual systems, providing a comprehensive overview of the city. Unifying and organizing the façade of the buildings by referring to the valuable contemporary architectural works in the First and Second Pahlavi eras have been raised as a necessity in recent literature. The façade of the building and urban image in Iranian architecture is of particular importance. High-performance architecture theory was used to answer the research questions in the present study. The case study was the precious buildings of the First and Second Pahlavi eras. The research approach was the logical reasoning, and the research method was the descriptive-analytical method in which Gestalt analytical methods were used to analyze the systematic historical patterns in the urban façade. The present study aimed to analyze the perceptual principles ruling the façade and the city by concluding the statistical results and based on the related references and interviews with the experts using the logical reasoning method. The research results were concluded to determine the relationship between the formal proportions and the perception process of the building façade by the viewer in the precious facades of the contemporary architectural heritage of Iran. The study findings show that the selected facades of the heritage of the contemporary architecture create a sense of richness in the audiences so that they could have a profound understanding of the facades when seeing them. According to the comprehensive approach to sustainable architecture and guide of the architecture design, the design richness in the samples was the reason for establishing a relationship and the interaction with the audience so that the building façade is perceived as the native identity by the audience.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Contemporary Architecture Heritage
  • High-performance Architecture Theory
  • Sustainable Architecture
  • Contemporary Architecture
  • Native Identity
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