The Effect of Culture on The Vernacular Houses in Northern Iran; Case Studies: Vernacular Houses in Babol and Babolsar

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Ph.D. Candidate of Architecture, Department of Architecture, Islamic Azad University, Sari Branch, Sari, Iran.

2 Associate Professor of Architecture and Urbanism, Department of Architecture and Urbanism, Islamic Azad University, Research and Science Branch, Tehran, Iran

Abstract

Vernacular architecture of each region is formed under the influence of the climate, culture, and people’s livelihood. Accordingly, the form of the houses in these regions is affected by various factors, all of which are not of the same importance and impact. One of the most significant features is culture. According to the research problem, the present study aimed to identify and introduce some features of the vernacular and cultural architecture of the houses of northern Iran in the past to be applied in the contemporary houses based on the cultural and vernacular approaches. The mixed method of the case studies or the field research of the rural vernacular houses of the central area of Mazandaran province, namely Babol and Babolsar, were applied to achieve the research purpose. The samples were randomly selected in areas with good dispersion to cover the whole region to generalize the results of studies on the studied samples to the whole statistical population. The qualitative research method and anthropology were used by interviewing the residents to analyze the cultural components and effective lifestyle in the form of the houses. Finally, the results were presented in tables, in which the relationship between the culture and form of the house was determined. The findings indicate that influence of the culture on the form of the house can be discovered based on the recognition of the various aspects and the content elements of the culture and their interrelationships. These elements are related hierarchically from the most inner level to the most exterior level and form and direct the architecture of the house.

Keywords

References

Abdulhousseini, J. (2011). Adapting the Design of Tabriz and Baku Residential Houses to the Local Culture and Climate. Art and Architecture of Bagh-e Nazar, 8 (18), 24 13.
Aboulghasemi, J. (2005). Study Plan to Achieve Macro Policies for the Development of Religious Culture, Arsh Pajooh Cultural Institute, Tehran, 17-36.
Aliabadi, M. (2011). The Impact of Islamic Culture on Home and Neighborhood Architecture, Tehran Architecture and Urban Planning Research Center of the Ministry of Housing and Urban Development.
Apaport, A. (2009). Anthropology of Housing, Translated by Sarv Afzalian, Tehran, Publisher of the Artist Profession.
Başakman, M. (1991). Araştırma Projesi: Geleneksel Konut Çevrelerinin Korunması Bağlamında Geleneksel- Bölgesel Mimarinin Yorumlanması ve Modern Çevrelerin Yaratılmasına Işık Tutması: Durum Çalışması Aşağı Ulupınar, Yukarı Ulupınar, Balaban Yerleşmeleri, Fırat Üniversitesi, Elazığ, s.33. 
Ghorbani-Sisakht, P., & Yazdanpour, A. (2013). Investigating the Interaction of Housing Architecture on Culture and Identity in Iranian Society, National Conference on Architecture, Urban Planning and Sustainable Development with a focus on indigenous architecture to sustainable city, Mashhad, Khavaran Institute of Higher Education.
Haery-Mazandarani, M.R. (2009). Home, Culture and Nature, Architecture and Urban Planning and Research Center, Tehran.
Hassanzadeh, M., & Fallah, M. (2013). Structure and Function in the Religious Architecture of Mazandaran, a Case Study of Fereydunkenar Saqanfars. Quarterly Journal of Social and Cultural Development, 3, 79-99.
Hofstede, G., Hofstede, G.J., & Minkov, M. (2010). Cultures and Organizations: Software for the Mind. McGraw-Hill, USA.
Juergensmeyer, M., & Anhe, H. (2011). Lifestyle, The Sage Encyclopedia of Global Studies. http://dx. doi.org/10.4135/9781452218557  
Karana, E., Barati, B., Rognoli, V., & Zeeuw Van Der Laan, A. (2018). Material Driven Design (MDD): A Method to Design for Material Experiences. International Journal of Design, 9(2), 35-54. http://www.i jdesign.org/index.php/IJDesign/article/view/1965/693 
Karana, E., Blauwhoff, D., Hultink, E.J., & Camere, S. (2018). When the Material Grows: A Case Study on Designing (with) Mycelium-based Materials. International Journal of Design, 12(2), 119-136. http://www.ijdesign.org/index.php/IJDesign/article/view/2918 
Kokurina, H. (2006). Influences of Acculturation on House Form as Reflected in a Russian Immigrant Group in the United State. A thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts in Interior Design”, Washington State University, Department of Interior Design, USA: Washington.
Lawrence, R. (2005). Influence of Lifestyle on Housing Preferences of Multifamily Housing Residents. Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements. 
Macionis, J., & Keen, P. (2009). Sociology: The Basics.10/e, Prentice Hall Europe, USA: New Jersey.
Oikonomou, A., & Bougiatioti, F. (2011). Architectural Structure and Environmental Performance of the Traditional Buildings in Florina, NW Greece. Building and Environment, 46(3), 669-689. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.buildenv.2010.09.012
Pourdehimi, Sh. (2011). Housing and Rural Environment. Culture and Housing Quarterly, 134, 32-40.
Rapoport, A. (1969). House Form and Culture, Englewood Cliffs, CA: Prentice Hall. 
Rapoport, A. (1969). House Form and Culture, Prentice-hall, Englewood Cliffs, USA.
Rapoport, A. (1998). Using Culture in Housing Design. Housing and Society, 25(1-2). https://doi. org/10.1080/08882746.1998.11430282  
Rapoport, A. (2003). Cultural Origins of Architecture, (S. Al Rasoul, & A. Babak, Trans.). Khial Qualrterly, 8. 
Schein, E.H. (2010). Organizational Culture& Leadership, John Wiley & Sons, USA: San Francisco.
Singh, M.K., Mahapatra, S., & Atreya, S.K. (2009). Bioclimatism and Vernacular Architecture of North-east India. Building and Environment, 44, 878-888. https://isiarticles.com/bundles/Article/pre/ pdf/63319.pdf 
Tong, M.C., & Robertson, K. (2008). Political and Cultural Representation in Malaysian Websites. International Journal of Design, 2(2), 67-79. http://www.ijdesign.org/index.php/IJDesign/article/view /286/167 
Varmaghani, H., Soltanzadeh, H., & Tahaee, S. (2019). A Comparative Study of the Influence of Culture on Entrances of Qajar Houses in Gilan and Mazandaran. Armanshahr Architecture & Urban Development, 11(25), 237-249. http://www.armanshahrjournal.com/article_85112.html?lang=en 
Wang, F., & Liu, Y. (2002). Thermal Environment of the Courtyard Style Cave Dwelling in Winter. Energy and Buildings, 34(10), 985-1001. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-7788(01)00145-1  
Yazdanfar, A., Hosseini, B., & Zarudi, M. (2012). House Culture and Shape, A Case Study of Traditional Houses in Tonekabon and Ramsar. Housing and Rural Environment, 144, 17 31.
Armanshahr Architecture & Urban Development
Volume 14, Issue 35
September 2021
Pages 77-90

Files

History

  • Receive Date: 16 April 2019
  • Revise Date: 28 July 2020
  • Accept Date: 10 August 2020

Share

How to cite

Statistics