سنجش کمی و تحلیل فضایی- مکانی محورهای دید شهری با تأکید بر کیفیات بصری، مورد مطالعاتی: محورهای مواصلاتی به میدان انقلاب زنجان

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار گروه معماری و شهرسازی، واحد تبریز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تبریز، ایران

2 دانشجوی دکتری طراحی شهری، واحد تبریز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تبریز، ایران

3 دانشجوی دکتری طراحی شهری، واحد تبریز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تبریز، ایران.

چکیده

عرصه‌های عمومی شهر به‌عنوان بستری برای فعالیت‌های عمومی انسان نه تنها باید قابل درک و ایمن باشند، بلکه می‌بایست به لحاظ ادراکی برای استفاده‌کنندگان دارای ارزش‌های بصری هم باشند. ارزش‌های بصری مهم‌ترین بخش از کیفیت‌های محیطی را تشکیل می‌دهند. دریافت ادراک شهروندان از کیفیت‌های بصری شهر وابسته به معرفی ارزش‌های بصری و سیما و منظر شهری است، که توسط شهروندان مطلوب تلقی می‌شود. در این راستا و در جهت ارتقای کیفیات بصری محیط هدف از انجام این پژوهش شناسایی معیارها و ارزش‌های بصری کریدورهای دید شهری و تحلیل فضایی-  مکانی آن‌ها بر اساس شاخص‌ها و سنجه‌های کمی می‌باشد. همچنین با توجه به ارزشمندی ادارک شهروندان از عرصه‌های عمومی شهر میزان اهمیت هر یک از عوامل با خروجی نهایی تحت عنوان کیفیت ارزش‌های بصری در محورهای دید بصری به‌صورت کمی و فضایی مورد سنجش قرار گرفته است. بدین منظور کریدورهای دید منتهی به میدان انقلاب شهر زنجان که دارای ارزش‌های تاریخی و فرهنگی نیز می‌باشد، جهت بررسی و سنجش مورد انتخاب واقع شده است. روش تحقیق فضایی- حاضر از نوع توصیفی- تحلیلی بوده که جهت سنجش کمی اهداف موردنظر از تحلیل‌های همبستگی فضایی و مدل‌ساز‌ی‌های مکانی با کمک منطق ANP در محیط‌های Super Decisions و GIS استفاده شده است. نتایج تحقیق نشان می‌دهد عامل (خوانایی) با ارزش میانگین (0.58) دارای بالاتری ارزش کیفی در سایت مورد مطالعه می‌باشد و عامل فضای سبز و طبیعی با میانگین وزن (0.41) و عامل عناصر منظر شهری با میانگین وزن (0.36) در رده‌های بعدی قرار گرفته‌اند. همچنین نتایج محاسبه میزان همبستگی فضایی بین عوامل و کیفیت نهایی ارزش‌های بصری نشان داد که از دیدگاه شهروندان به ترتیب عامل خوانایی با میزان همبستگی فضایی (0.80) و عامل تداوم و توالی حرکت با میزان همبستگی (0.66) و معیار زیبایی محیطی و جداره‌ها با میزان همبستگی (0.52) بیش‌ترین میزان ضریب همبستگی را با خروجی نهایی کیفیت ارزش‌های بصری در محل مورد مطالعه به خود اختصاص داده‌اند.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Quantitative Measurement and Spatial-Location Analysis of the Urban Visual Axes with an Emphasis on the Visual Qualities; Case Study: Connecting Axes to the Enghelab Square of Zanjan

نویسندگان [English]

  • Dariush Sattarzadeh 1
  • Leila Omidiyan kalashgarani 2
  • Seyed javad Habibzadeh kouzekonani 3
1 Assistant professor of Architecture and Urbanism, Tabriz branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran
2 Ph.D. Student of Urban Designing, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran
3 Ph.D. Student of Urban Designing, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran.
چکیده [English]

The public areas of the city as a platform for public human activities necessity not only be comprehensible and safe but also need to have perceptual values for the users. Visual values are the most significant part of environmental qualities. Citizens' perception of the visual qualities of the city depends on the introduction of visual values and image and urban landscape, which is considered desirable by citizens. In this regard, and to improve the visual quality of the environment, the purpose of this study is to identify the criteria and visual values of urban visual corridors and their spatial-location analysis based on quantitative indicators and criteria. Also, considering the value of citizens' perceptions of the urban public area, the importance of each of the factors with the final output as the quality of visual values in the visual corridors has been measured quantitatively and spatially. For this purpose, the visual corridors leading to the Enghelab Square of Zanjan, which also has historical and cultural values, have been selected for study and evaluation. The present spatial research method is descriptive-analytical that to quantitatively measure the objectives, spatial regression analysis, and spatial modeling with the use of ANP logic in Super Decisions and GIS environments have been used. The results show that the legibility with an average value of 0.58 has a higher quality value in the study site and the factor of green and natural space with an average weight of 0.41, and the urban landscape elements with an average weight of 0.36 are in the next ranks. have taken. Also, the results of calculating the spatial regression between the factors and the final quality of visual values showed that from the citizens' point of view, the legibility factor with the spatial regression rate of 0.80 and the continuity and sequence factor with the correlation rate of 0.66 and the walls and environmental aesthetics criteria with correlation rate of 0.52, respectively, had the highest correlation coefficient with the final output of the quality of visual values in the study area.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Visual Value
  • Visual Corridors
  • Spatial Analysis
  • Spatial Regression
  • Zanjan City
Amanshahr Consulting Engineers, Detailed Plan of Zanjan City, Volume of Physical Studies, Zanjan Province Housing and Urban Development Organization, 2007.
Appleyard, D., Lynch, K., & R Myer, J. (1971). “The View from the Road”, Cam-bridge, MIT Press.
Bahraini, S.H. (1998). “Urban Design Process”, University of Tehran Press, First Edi-tion.
Bourdeaudhuij, I.D., Teixeira, P.J., Cardon, G., & Deforch, B. (2005) “Environmental and Psychosocial Correlates of Physical Activity in Portuguese and Belgianadults”. Pub-lic Health Nut. 8,886-95.
Burton, N.W., Oldenburg, B., Sallis, J., & Turrell, G. (2005). “The Relative Contribu-tions of Psychological, Social, and Environmental Variables to Explain Participation in Walking, Moderate and Vigorous Intensity Leisure-Time Physical Activity”. Phys Act Health Journal; 2, 181-96. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/27480557_The_Relative_Contributions_of_Psychologi-cal_Social_and_Environmental_Variables_to_Explain_Participation_in_Walking_Moderate-_and_Vigorous-Intensity_Leisure_Time_Physical_Activity
Carmona, M., & Tiesdell, S. (2007). “Urban Design Reader”, New York, Elsevier. 263-307.
Carmona, M., Heath, T., Taner, O. & Tiestess, S. (2003). Public Place and Urban Space. Architectural Press, London.
Carr, S., Francis, M., Rivlin, L.G., & Stone, A.M. (1992). Public Space, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
Cullen, G. (1961). Townscape. London: The Architectoral Press.
D. Spreiregen, P. (1965). Urban Design .AIA. United States.
DEGW. (2002). London’s Skyline, Views and High Buildings for The Greater London Authority, Kuala-Lumpur Structure Plan 2020 Urban Design & Landscape , 14-19.
Department of Environment, Transport and Regions [DERT] & Commissions for Archi-tecture and the Built Environment [CABE] (2000). By Design: Urban Dessign in Planning System: Towards Better Practice, London: DETR.
Frank, E.A. (2006). “Many Pathways from Land Use to Health. Journal of the Ameri-can Planning Association, 7.
Gehl, J. (1987). Life between Buildings: Using Public Space; Van Nostrand Reinhold.
Ghaffari Sedeh, A. (1992). “Fundamentals of Designing Consecutive Spaces in Urban Architecture”, Tehran, Sefeh Magazine, 6-7-8, 17-2.
Gibson, J.J. (1979) .The Ecological Approach to Visual Perception! HoughtoMifflin, Boston, M.A.
Golkar, K. (2005). City/ Community VisionProposing a Conceptual Framework for Vi-sion Statement Formulation. Journal of Honar -Ha-ye- Ziba, 24, 25-36.
Gospodini, A. (2002). European Cities in Compitition and New Uses of Urban Design. Journal of Urban Design, 7 (1), 59-73.
Hoehner, CH.M., Brennan Ramirez, L.K., Elliott, M.B., Handy, S.L., Brownson, R.C., Hooker, S.P., Wilson, D.K., Griffin, S.F., & Ainsworth, B.E. (2005). Perceptions of Envi-ronmental Supports for Physical Activity in African American andWhite Adults in A Rural County in South Carolina. In: Preventing Chronic Disease. http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2005/oct/05_0048.htm
Hosseini, S.B., & Razaghi Asl, S. (2010). “Movement and Time in Urban Landscape: Design Ideas and Concepts”, Tehran, International Journal of Engineering Sciences, Iran University of Science and Technology, 88, 6-83.
Irvani, M., & Khodapnahi, M.K. (2002). “Psychology of Emotion and Perception”, Teh-ran, Samat Publications, 11th edition: 10.
Kiani, A., & Sardari Salari, F. (2011). “Assessing and Evaluating the Landscape Priori-ties of Public Spaces in Assaluyeh City Using ANP Method” Bagh Nazar, (18), 35. 14. 
Kumar, R. (2009). “Walkability of Neighorhoods: A Critical Analysis of Zoning Codes. Master of Community Planning, University of Cincinnati.
Lang, J. (1987). Creating Architectural Theory: The Role of the Behavioral Sciences in Env ronmental Design, Van Nostrand Reinhold, and New York.
Lee, C., & Vernez Moudon, A. (2006). Correlates of Walking for Transportation or Recreation Purposes”. J Phys Act Health. 3, 77-98.
Lennard, S.H.C., & Lennard, H.L. (1993). Urban Space Design and Social Life, in Farmer, Ben and Louw, H. Eds., Companion to Contemporary Architectural Thought, New York: Routledge Inc.
Lerup, L. (1972). Environmental and Behavioral Congruence as aMeasure of Goodness in Public Space: The Case of Stockholm.Ekistics, 204, November.
Lokaitou-Sideris, A., & Banerjee, T. (1998). Urban Design Downtown: Poetics and Pol-itics of Form, University of California Press.
Lynch, k. (1960). The Image of the City. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Lynch, K. (1981). A Theory of Good City Form, Cambridge: MIT Press.
Marcus C.C., & Francis, C. (1990). People Places: Design Guidelines for Urban Open Space, Van Nostrand Reinhold, NewYork.
Montgomery, J. (1998). Making a City: Urbanity, Vitality and Urban Design; Journal of Urban Design.
Nasar, J.L. (1994). Uurban Design Aesthetics the EvaluativeQualities of Building Exte-riors. Environment and Behavior, 26.
Neisser, U. (1967). “Cognitive Psychology”, Englewood Cliffs, nj: Prentice-Hall.
Office of the Deputy Prime Minister[ODPM].(2005). Planning Policy Statenment 1[PPS1]: Deliverning Sustainable Development, London: ODPM.
Oldenburg, R. (1999). The Great Good Place: Cafes, Coffee Shops,Community Cen-ters, Beauty Parlors, General Stores, Bars, Hangouts, and How They Get You Through the Day, Paragon House: New York.
Pikora. T.J., GilesCorti, B., Knuiman, M.W., Bull, F.C., Jamrozik, K., & Donovan, R.J. (2006). Neighborhood Environmental Factors Correlated with Walking near Home: Using SPACES”. Med. Sci. SportsExerc. 38(4), 708-714.
Pourjafar, M.R., & Sadeghi, A.R. (2009). “Recognition and Organization of Vision Axes, an Approach in Visual Management of Cities”, Conference on New Ideas in Urban Management, University Jihad Publications.
Pourjafar, M.R., Ranjbar,E., & Farahani, M. (2006) “Principles of Designing Urban Index Axes”, Abadi Magazine, 53. http: //noo.rs/8ttci
Pourmohammadi, M.R., Jamali, F., & Asghari Zamani, A. (2008). “Assessment of Spa-tial-Physical Development of Zanjan with Emphasis on Land Use Change during the Period 1355-1385” Tehran. Journal of Geographical Research, 63.
Project for Public Space [PPS] (2001). How to Turn a Place Around: A Hand Book for Creating Successful Public Spaces ,Project for Public Space, Inc: New York. 
Punter, J., & Carmona, M. (1997). The Design Dimension of Planning: Theory, Content and Best Practice for Design Policies, London: E & Fn Spon.
Ramirez, A. (2006). Indicators of Activity- Friendly Communities: An Evidence-Based Consensus Process.Journal of Preventive Medicine. American. 14-22. DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2006.07.026
Southworth, M. (1989). Theory and Pratice of Contemporary Urban Design. Town Planning Review, 60 (4), 369-402.
Statistics Center of Iran, Detailed Results of General Censuses of the Year (2011), Zanjan City.
Stedman, R., Beckley, T., Wallace, S., & Ambard, M. (2004). APicture and 1000 Words: Using Resident Employed Photography toUnderstand Attachment to High Amenity Places. Journal of Leisure Research. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/282565850_A_Picture_and_1000_Words_Using_Resident-Employed_Photography_to_Understand_Attachment_to_High_Amenity_Places
Tavassoli, M. (2003). The Principle of Communication in Urban Design, Tehran. Fine Arts Quarterly, 1, 39-32. https://dx.doi.org/10.22059/jurbangeo.2019.256167.898
Tibbalds, F. (1988). An Experimental Approach to Urban design. Journal of the Ameri-can Planning Association, 31(1), 21-31.
Tibbalds, F. (1992). Making People-Friendly Towns; Improving the Public Environment in Owns&Cities, London, Longman Press.
Van Lenthe, F.J., Brug, J., & Mackenbush, J.P. (2005) .Neighborhood Inequalities in Physicalinactivity: The Role of Neighbourhood Attractiveness,Proximity to Local Fa-cilities And Safety in Thenetherlands. Soc Sci Med, 60, 763-75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2004.06.013
Zandieh, M., & Zandieh, R. (2010). In Search of Strategic Vision Corridors in Tehran. Journal of the Scientific Association of Architecture and Urban Planning of Iran, 1, 35-27. https://gps.gu.ac.ir/mobile/article_47258.html#arinfo_pnl_cite
(2005). “Perceived and Objective Environmental Measures and Physical Activity among Urban Adults”. Am J Prev Med. 28,105-16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2004.10.023