تبیین ویژگی های فضایی منظر حمایت کننده درمان کودکان مبتلا به اختلال اوتیسم

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 کارشناسی ارشد معماری منظر، دانشکده معماری و تحصیلات تکمیلی، واحد نور، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی مازندران، مازندران، ایران.

2 استادیار گروه معماری، دانشکده معماری و تحصیلات تکمیلی، واحد نور، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی مازندران، مازندران، ایران

3 استادیار گروه معماری، دانشکده معماری و تحصیلات تکمیلی، واحد نور، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی مازندران، مازندران، ایران.

چکیده

شیوع چشمگیر بیماری اوتیسم، به‌عنوان اختلال رشدی عمیق در کودکان، را می‌توان نتیجه زندگی ماشینی عصر حاضر دانست. اختلالی که پاسخ‌های کاملی را از درمان‌های دارویی دریافت ننموده است. لذا استفاده حمایت‌های درمانی طبیعی و بهره‌گیری از قوای طبیعت، به‌عنوان یکی از راهکارهای مکمل شناسایی می‌شود. این مطالعه با هدف دستیابی به معیارهای طراحی منظر حمایت‌کننده درمان کودکان اوتیسمی انجام شده تا با شناسایی «معیارهای طراحی منظر پاسخده به نیازهای کودکان اوتیسمی» راهکارهای بهره‌گیری از این معیارهای کیفی فضایی را ارائه نماید. اهمیت این پژوهش آنجاست که در جهت دستیابی به جزییات قابل اجرا در فضاهای حمایت‌کننده درمان بیماران اوتیسم گام برداشته است؛ به‌گونه‌ای که بتوان از نتایج آن به‌عنوان احکام طراحی بهره برد. تحقیق حاضر با ماهیت نظری- کاربردی، رویکرد ترکیبی کمی و کیفی و راهبرد مطالعه موردی انجام شده است. ابزار گردآوری داده‌ها در این مطالعه شامل مطالعات کتابخانه‌ای بر پژوهش‌های مرتبط با هدف دستیابی به چارچوب نظری مستحکم، مشاهده رفتاری و مصاحبه با تکنیک دلفی با کارشناسان مشارکت‌کننده بوده است. جامعه هدف در مصاحبه صورت گرفته، شامل 30 نفر از روانشناسان و کارشناسان حوزه کودکان اوتیسم در شهر تهران بوده که با راهبرد هدف‌مند و غیرتصادفی و با اتکاء بر اصل اشباع انتخاب شده‌اند. داده‌های گردآوری شده از طریق نرم‌افزار NVivo مورد تحلیل واقع شده و برای ارتقاء اعتبار یافته‌ها از روش مثلث‌سازی1 بهره گرفته شده است. بر اساس یافته‌ها و نتایج مطالعه، مؤلفه‌های منظر حمایت‌کننده درمان کودکان مبتلا به اختلال اوتیسم شناسایی شدند. در ادامه، این نتایج منجر به ارایه پیشنهادات خاص برای طراحی و یا هدایت فضایی شد. تدابیر و احکامی که مبتنی بر جزییات خاص، بر فرآیند بهبود کودکان استفاده کننده، تأثیر مثبت خواهد داشت.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Spatial Qualities Supporting Treatment Process of Children with Autism Disorder

نویسندگان [English]

  • Atefeh Khosravi 1
  • Akram Khalili 2
  • Siyamak Nayyeri Fallah 3
1 M.A. of Landscape Architecture, Faculty of Architecture and Graduate Studies, Islamic Azad University, Nour Branch, Mazandaran, Iran.
2 Assistant Professor of Architecture, Department of Architecture, Faculty of Architecture and Graduate Studies, Islamic Azad University, Nour Branch, Mazandaran, Iran
3 Assistant Professor of Architecture, Department of Architecture, Faculty of Architecture and Graduate Studies, Islamic Azad University, Nour Branch, Mazandaran, Iran.
چکیده [English]

The significant outbreak of autism as a profound developmental disorder in children can be considered the result of modern machine life. It is a disorder that has not fully responded to the medication. Therefore, the use of natural healing supports and the forces of nature is recognized as one of the complementary solutions. The current study aimed to achieve the landscape design criteria that support the treatment of autistic children to identify "landscape design criteria that meet the needs of autistic children" to provide solutions to use these spatial quality criteria. The significance of this study was to take steps to achieve the applicable details in the spaces supporting the treatment of autistic patients so that its results can be utilized as design guidelines. The current research was applied-theoretical with qualitative and quantitative approach and case study. The data collection tools were library studies on the related research to achieve a strong theoretical framework, behavioral observation, and interview using the Delphi technique with the participating experts. The target population included 30 psychologists and experts in the area of autistic children in Tehran selected purposeful and non-randomly based on the saturation method. The collected data were analyzed using NVivo software, and a triangulation method was used to improve the validity of the findings. According to the research results and findings, the landscape components supporting the treatment of children with autism were identified. Then, these results led to presenting special recommendations for designing or spatial guidance. The measures and guidelines based on the specific details will have a positive effect on the treatment process of the user children.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Architectural Design
  • Landscape Therapy
  • Naturalism
  • Five Senses

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معماری و شهرسازی آرمان شهر
دوره 14، شماره 34
خرداد 1400
صفحه 101-114

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سابقه مقاله

  • تاریخ دریافت: 05 اردیبهشت 1398
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 27 اردیبهشت 1399
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 12 خرداد 1399

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