دلبستگی مکانی در مقیاس محله: مرور نظام مند دو دهه مقالات پژوهشی در ایران

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دکتری شهرسازی، دانشکده هنر و معماری، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران.

2 استاد گروه شهرسازی، دانشکده هنر و معماری، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران

3 استادیار گروه معماری، دانشکده هنر و معماری، دانشگاه بوعلی، همدان، ایران.

چکیده

دلبستگی به محله پیوندی روانشناختی واجد ابعاد احساسی، شناختی و رفتاری است که پیامدهای مثبتی چون احساس عزت‌نفس، آسایش، تقویت سرمایه اجتماعی و مشارکت جمعی ساکنان محله‌ها به همراه دارد. شناسایی عوامل تأثیرگذار بر تقویت دلبستگی به محله گامی ضروری در برنامه‌ریزی توسعه پایدار محله‌ای است. این مقاله می‌کوشد با اتخاذ روش مرور نظام‌مند1، مقالات پژوهشی کشور حدفاصل سال‌های 1398 تا  1380 در زمینه دلبستگی به محله را شناسایی و یافته‌های آن‌ها را در چگونگی تبیین این مفهوم و عوامل تأثیرگذار بر آن تحلیل نماید. همچنین تلاش می‌شود تا ضمن شناسایی تناقض‌ها در نتایج و خلاءهای مطالعاتی موجود، پژوهش‌های آتی به نحوی پیشنهاد شوند تا بستری برای بسط نظریه بومی دلبستگی به محله فراهم شود. نتایج مرور نظام‌مند پژوهش‌ها نشان داد تمام مطالعات در تببین «ماهیت دلبستگی به محله» بر روانشناختی بودن این پیوند و پیامدهای رفتاری آن تأکید شده و سازوکارهای روانشناختی عمیق‌ در ابعاد احساسی و شناختی تشریح نشده است. همچنین محققان در شناسایی عوامل اثرگذار بر این پیوند بیش‌تر بر ابعاد انسانی و مکانی پیوند تمرکز داشته‌اند. خلاء تئوری مکان و محله دستیابی به نتیجه‌ای واجد انسجام نظری را دشوار کرده است. در بعد انسانی تأثیر متغیرهای مدت زمان سکونت، جنسیت، سطح تحصیلات و مالکیت مسکن در مطالعات مختلف در تناقض با یکدیگر شناسایی شدند. اما تأهل و سطح درآمد خانوار واجد تأثیری مثبت و تحرک جمعیتی تأثیری منفی بر این پیوندها داشتند. در بعد رفتاری مشارکت اجتماعی، پرتکرارترین متغیر مورد مطالعه و واجد رابطه‌ای معنادار و مثبت با این پیوندها و در بعد احساسی نیز احساس امنیت روانی و آسایش رابطه‌ای معنادار و مثبت را نشان داده‌اند.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Place Attachment at the Neighborhood Scale: A Systematic Review of Two Decades of Research in Iran

نویسندگان [English]

  • Samaneh Khabiri 1
  • Mohammad Reza Pourjafar 2
  • Mohammad Saeid Izadi 3
1 Ph.D. Urban Planning, Faculty of art and Architecture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
2 Professor of Urban Design, Faculty of Art and Architecture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
3 Assistant Professor of Architecture, Faculty of Art and Architecture, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Neighborhood attachment is a psychological bond with some affective, perceptual, and behavioral dimensions that are associated with positive outcomes such as self-esteem, comfort, strengthening social capital, and residents’ participation. The identification of factors affecting the neighborhood attachment is an essential step forward in sustainable neighborhood development. Using a systematic approach, this article sought to elaborate on the research articles done nationally from 2001 to 2019 on neighborhood attachment and to analyze their findings to explain this concept and the factors affecting it. Meanwhile, conflicting findings and research gaps were addressed and suggestions were made for future research so that a context is laid for expanding a local theory of Neighborhood Attachment. The results from the systematic review demonstrated that all researches have explained the "nature of neighborhood attachment" to emphasize the psychology of this relationship and its behavioral outcomes; however, they have failed to show deep psychological mechanisms in affective and perceptual dimensions. Researchers have tended to concentrate on the human and place dimensions of this bond when identifying the factors affecting it. The lack of place and neighborhood theory made it difficult to achieve a theoretically coherent conclusion. As for the human dimension, the effects of such variables as residence duration, gender, level of education, and housing ownership in different studies were identified to have contradicted each other. However, marital status and household income had a positive impact, and population mobility a negative effect on these bonds. As for the behavioral dimension of social participation, the most repetitive variables under study were significantly and positively related with the bonds, while the Psychological security and comfort demonstrated a significant and positive relationship with the bonds in the affective dimension.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Place Attachment
  • Neighborhood
  • Sense of Belonging
  • Place Identity
  • Systematic Review
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