ارتباط میان معیارهای عینی و ادراکی پیاده مداری با میزان پیاده روی و شاخص توده بدنی، مورد مطالعاتی: شهر بابل

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار گروه شهرسازی، دانشکده هنر، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران (نویسنده مسئول).

2 دانشجوی دکتری شهرسازی، دانشکده هنر، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران.

3 دانشجوی دکتری شهرسازی، دانشکده معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه علم و صنعت ایران، تهران، ایران.

چکیده

اغلب مطالعاتی که بر پیاده مداری و تاثیر آن بر فعالیت بدنی تمرکز دارند، با وجود تاثیر متفاوت معیارهای عینی و ادراکی بر رفتارهای سفر، آن ها را به جای یکدیگر به کار می برند که می توان منجر به یافته های متناقض شود. بنابراین، مداخلاتی که در جهت خلق محیطی پیاده مدار انجام می شوند، نمی توانند تاثیر لازم و کافی را بر میزان فعالیت بدنی و پیاده روی داشته باشند. بر این اساس، مقاله حاضر در پی آن بوده تا با بررسی تطابق شاخص های عینی و ادراکی پیاده مداری در سه بافت متفاوت در شهر بابل، تاثیر آن را بر میزان پیاده رویِ خود گزارش دهی شده و شاخص توده بدنی بسنجد. روش پژوهش ترکیبی و با استفاده از طرح موازی همزمان انجام شده است. بدین ترتیب ابتدا 384 نفر به عنوان نمونه به صورت تصادفی انتخاب شدند. سپس محیط ادراکی محلاتی که افراد در آن زندگی می کنند‌‌ در سه مولفه دسترسی، تنوع کاربری ها و اتصال خیابان با استفاده از پرسشنامه «سنجش پیاده مداری محیط محله» ، توسط مشارکت کنندگان مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفتند. برای سنجش پیاده مداری عینی در شاخص شبکه، از متغیرهای اتصال، عمق و همپیوندی در تحلیل چیدمان فضا و برای سنجش اختلاط کاربری از شاخص های آنتروپی و سهم کاربری ها در شعاع 800 متری استفاده شده است. سپس ارتباط میزان تطابق شاخص های عینی و ادراکی و میزان پیاده روی و شاخص توده بدنی با استفاده از تحلیل رگرسیون لجستیک چند سطحی مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند. یافته ها نشان می دهند، عدم انطباق میان برداشت ذهنی افراد و محیط عینی واحدهای همسایگی می تواند تا حد زیادی اختلاف ناشی از ارتباط میان محیط و میزان پیاده روی را توضیح دهد. به طوری که بر اساس نتایج، افرادی که برداشت ذهنی آن ها از همسایگی هایی با اتصال و اختلاط کاربری پایین، بالاتر باشد، به ترتیب 42 و 28 درصد احتمال پیاده روی هدفمند و تفریحی را افزایش می دهند.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Relationship between Objective and Perceived Criteria of Walkability and Walking Rate with Body Mass Index; Case Study: City of Babol

نویسندگان [English]

  • Seyed mahdi Khatami 1
  • Mojtaba Shahabi Shahmiri 2
  • Zeynab Akbari 3
  • Sasan Rooshenas 2
1 Department of Urban Planning and Design, Faculty of Art, Tarbiat Modares University
2 Department of Urban planning, Faculty of art, university of Tarbiat Modares
3 Department of Urban Planning, Faculty of Art, University of Tarbiat Modares, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

Most studies that focused on walkability and its effects on physical activity use objective and perceived criteria interchangeably despite their different effects on trip behaviors which could produce contradictory findings. Therefore, the interventions aimed at creating walkable environments cannot leave adequate effects on the level of physical activity and walkability. Thus, this article seeks to investigate the concordance of objective and perceived criteria of walkability in three different textures of the city of Babol to measure their effects on the self-reported walkability rate and body mass index. The research uses a combined method and a concurrent parallel plan, selecting 384 people via the random sampling method. Then, the perceived neighborhood environment where people live was examined by users in terms of three components of accessibility, diversity of uses, and street connectivity using the Neighborhood Environment Walkability Scale (NEWS). To measure the objective walkability in the Milestone Network, the variables of connectivity, depth, and integration were used to analyze the space syntax, while entropy and number of the uses at an 800-meter radius were used to measure the mixed land use. Then, multi-level logistic regression analysis was used to measure the extent to which objective and perceived criteria of walkability rates and body mass index were related. The findings reveal that discordance between peoples' subjective and objective perceptions of neighborhood units can, to a great extent, explain the difference of the relationship between the environment and walkability rate, as the people's greater subjective understanding of neighborhood with lower connectivity and mixed land use could explain the purposeful walkability and recreational probabilities by 42 % 28%, respectively.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Walkability
  • Objective Variables
  • Perceived Variables
  • Body Mass Index
  • Babol
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