معاصرسازی ژنوم معماری ایرانی با استفاده از الگوریتم های ترکیبی، مورد مطالعاتی: مسکن معاصر شهر سمنان

دوست محمدی, حامد; مهدوی نژاد, محمدجواد; کامیابی, سعید

doi:10.22034/aaud.2020.236640.2239

معاصرسازی ژنوم معماری ایرانی با استفاده از الگوریتم های ترکیبی، مورد مطالعاتی: مسکن معاصر شهر سمنان

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

¹ دانشجوی دکترای معماری، گروه معماری، واحد سمنان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، سمنان، ایران.

² استاد گروه معماری، دانشکده هنر و معماری، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران (نویسنده مسئول).

³ دانشیار گروه جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی شهری، دانشکده علوم انسانی، واحد سمنان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، سمنان، ایران.

10.22034/aaud.2020.236640.2239

چکیده

امروزه بیش از هر زمان دیگر، ضرورت تداوم و پیوند با معماری ارزشمند و تاریخی ایران زمین احساس می شود. مساله اصلی آن است که از یک سو لازم است معماری معاصر ایران برگرفته از الگوهای کهن و بومی باشد (چالش اصالت)، و از سوی دیگر، یک اثر معماری لازم است فرزندِ زمان خود باشد (چالش نوآوری). چارچوب مفهومی پژوهش بر اساس «نظریه سرآمد» بنا نهاده شده، و در نتیجه در تعاملِ «جِنُتایپ» معماری اصیل ایرانی و «فینوتایپ» معماری روزآمد، به ترسیم معماری آینده می پردازد. هدف اصلی پژوهش، بازشناسی ژنوم معماری نهفته در پلان مسکن بومی شهر سمنان به عنوان بخشی ارزشمند از آثار برگزیده معماری ایرانی است. بر اساس روش شناسی پژوهش، شهر سمنان به عنوان نمونه مورد مطالعه، و مسکن معاصر آن در دوران قاجار و پهلوی به عنوان «جامعه آماری» انتخاب شده است. برای «نمونه آماری»، پنج خانه با روش گلوله برفی و مشورت صاحبنظران انتخاب شدند. یافته های مقاله نشان دهنده آن است که نظمی پنهان و یک «الگوی غالب» در نمونه های مسکن سمنان، نظمی که با اتکا به هندسه مبتنی بر «گراف جامع توجیه پلان» در قالب فرآیند «اشتراک یابی» بین گراف ها، قابل توصیف است. آنالیز روابط فضایی در پلان های خانه های سنتی سمنان در دوره معاصر، گرافی پیچیده و متعالی از روابط فضایی را نشان می دهد. عناصر معماری تعاملی چشمگیر از زیبایی طراحانه، تعامل فضاهای پر و خالی، بالاترین فناوری روز، مصرف هوشمندانه انرژی و توجه به نیازهای معنوی و روحی انسان را به خوبی به نمایش می گذارد. نتایج پژوهش همچنین بیان کننده آن است که استفاده از گراف های جامع و الگوریتم های ترکیبی، از کارایی لازم برای معرفی جِنُتایپ معماری برخوردارند. معماران و طراحان می توانند بر اساس جِنُتایپ استخراج شده، یک معماری روزآمد، متناسب با فینوتایپ زمان خود، برای کاربران امروز و آینده بیافرینند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Contemporizing the Genome of Iran’s Architecture Using Hybrid Algorithm; Case Study: Semnan’s Contemporary Houses

نویسندگان [English]

Hamed Doostmohammadi ¹
Mohammadjavad Mahdavinejad ²
Saeid Kamyabi ³

¹ Department of Architecture, Semnan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Semnan, Iran

² Department of Architecture, Faculty of Art and Architecture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.

³ Department of Geography, Semnan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Semnan, Iran

چکیده [English]

Nowadays, the necessity for continuing and binding with Iran’s historical and valuable architecture is felt more than ever before. The main issue is that it is necessary, on the one hand, for Iran’s contemporary architecture to be originated from the ancient and vernacular patterns (the challenge of originality) and, on the other hand, an architectural work is required to be the child of its own time (the innovation challenge). The conceptual framework of this study has been laid on the foundation of the “theory of paramount architecture” hence it deals with the delineation of the future architecture by helping the original Iranian architecture’s genotype interact with the paramount architecture’s phenotype. The study primarily aims at recognizing the architectural genome latent in the plan of the vernacular houses in Semnan as a valuable part of the eclectic Iranian architectural works. Based on the study’s methodology, Semnan, as the case study, and its contemporary houses from Qajar and Pahlavi Era have been selected as the study population. As for the study’s sample volume, five houses have been chosen using snowball method and consultation with the experts. The article’s findings indicated that there is a hidden order and a dominant pattern well-observable in the sampled houses from Semnan; an order that can be described through relying on a geometry which is based on the comprehensive justification graph of plan within the format of finding the “intersection area” of the graphs. The analysis of the spatial relations in the plans of Semnan’s traditional houses during the contemporary era showcases a complex and sublime graph of the spatial relations. The architectural elements well-exhibit a considerable interaction between the designed beauties, the interaction between the filled and the empty spaces and between the latest technological applications, smart energy uses and attentions paid to the humans’ spiritual and psychological needs. The study results are also indicative of the idea that the comprehensive graphs and hybrid algorithms possess the required efficiency for introducing the architectural genotype. The architects and the designers can create an eminent architecture in proportion to the time’s phenotype for the today’s and future users based on the extracted genotype.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

Design-Based Approach
Comprehensive Justificatory Plan’s Graph
Hybrid Algorithms
Contemporary Architecture
Theory of Paramount Architecture

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