ارزیابی تبعات آلودگی صوتی بر سلامت ساکنان در آپارتمان‌های مسکونی، بر مبنای ثبت امواج مغزی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری معماری، گروه معماری، دانشکده هنر و معماری، واحد شیراز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، شیراز، ایران.

2 دانشیار معماری، گروه معماری، دانشکده هنر و معماری، واحد شیراز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، شیراز، ایران (نویسنده مسئول).

3 دانشیار معماری،گروه معماری، دانشکده هنر و معماری، واحد شیراز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، شیراز، ایران.

4 استادیارمعماری، گروه معماری، دانشکده هنر و معماری، واحد شیراز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، شیراز، ایران.

10.22034/aaud.2022.256096.2351

چکیده

رشد فزاینده جمعیت، افزایش آلودگی‌ها و به دنبال آن معضلات زیست‌محیطی، کیفیت زندگی و سلامت زیستی انسان‌ها را دچار مشکلات بنیادی کرده است؛ آلودگی صوتی به عنوان بخشی از معضلات مذکور، می‌تواند به صورت شنیداری و غیر شنیداری اثرات خطرناکی بر سلامت انسان‌ها داشته باشد. آسایش صوتی در فضای مسکونی می‌تواند به صورت مستقیم و غیر مستقیم بر سلامت ساکنان در سه سطح سلامت شامل سلامت جسمی، روانی و اجتماعی، تأثیر‌گذار باشد. به همین منظور، پژوهش حاضر به شناخت و ارزیابی مولفه‌های معماری تاثیرگذار بر آسایش صوتی در مساکن آپارتمانی شهر شیراز و تأثیر آلودگی صوتی محیطی و تبعات آن بر سلامت ساکنان، در فضای نشیمن از یک مجتمع آپارتمانی از طریق ثبت امواج مغزی می‌پردازد. روش پژوهش حاضر کیفی- کمی بوده و با کمک پرسش‌نامه محقق ساخت و تصویربرداری مغزی، داده‌ها مورد تحلیل و ارزیابی قرار گرفتند. به این منظور اموج مغزی افراد نمونه با کمک دستگاه 14 کاناله EMOTIV EPOC رکورد و پس از ثبت سیگنال‌های EEG، اطلاعاتِ به دست آمده توسط نرم‌افزار نروگاید تحلیل و دامنه نوسان فعالیت مغز افراد نمونه نسبت به بانک اطلاعاتی نرمال مقایسه گردید. نتایج حاصل از این پژوهش نشان داد که آلودگی صوتی مربوط به خارج ساختمان، با سه زیر‌مولفه: منبع تولید، مسیر انتشار و محل دریافت صوت، در رتبه اول عوامل مخل‌کننده آسایش صوتی نقش دارند. هم‌چنین نتایج حاصل از تحلیل‌ها نشان داد، در صورتی که تراز نوفه زمینه از 40 دسیبل (استاندارد مقرارت ملی برای فضای نشیمن) به 53 دسیبل افزایش یابد، به نظر می‌رسد این افزایش، منجر به تغییر در تمرکز و سوگیری توجه می‌شود و در سازماندهی هیجانی و شناختی افراد، ایجاد اختلال خواهد کرد. لذا، در مراحل اولیه‌ی برنامه‌ریزی، ایده‌پردازی و طراحی، مدیریت کنترلِ صوت، می‌تواند تا حدی کاهش‌دهنده مشکلات مذکور باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluating the Consequences of Noise Pollution for the Health of Residents in the Apartments based on Electroencephalography

نویسندگان [English]

  • Maryam Haghayegh 1
  • Hadi Keshmiri 2
  • Khosro Movahed 3
  • Malihe Taghipour 4
1 Ph.D Candidate of Architecture, Faculty of Art and Architecture, Shiraz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, Iran.
2 Associate Professor of Architecture, Faculty of Art and Architecture, Shiraz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, Iran (Corresponding Author).
3 Associate Professor of Architecture, Faculty of Art and Architecture, Shiraz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, Iran.
4 Assistant Profesoor of Architecture, Faculty of Art and Architecture, Shiraz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, Iran.
چکیده [English]

The increasing population, the increase in pollution, and the following environmental issues have made fundamental problems for human beings’ quality of life and biological health. Noise pollution as one of the above-mentioned issues can have dangerous auditory and non-auditory effects on human health. The acoustic comfort in the residential space affects the residents’ health directly and indirectly at the three levels of physical, mental, and social health. Therefore, the current study aims to recognize and evaluate the effective architectural components in acoustic comfort in the apartments of Shiraz City as well as the adverse effects of environmental noise pollution and its consequences on the residents’ health in the living rooms of an apartment complex through electroencephalography. It is a qualitative-quantitative study and the data is collected and analyzed through a researcher-made questionnaire and brain imaging. To do so, the brain waves of samples are recorded using an EMOTIV EPOC 14-channel EEG headset and after recording the EEG signals, the obtained data are analyzed by the NeuroGuide Software, and the brain activity oscillations of the samples were compared to normal database. The results obtained from the current study indicate that outdoor noise pollution is the first distorting factor of acoustic comfort with the three sub-components of the source, propagation path, and noise-receiving location. Also, the results indicate that if the background noise level increases from 40 (Iranian National Building Code for Living Room) to 53dB, it would lead to a change in concentration, attentional bias and distortion in the emotional and cognitive organization of the individuals. Therefore, noise control in the initial phases of planning, ideation, and design can reduce the above-mentioned problems to some extent.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Noise Pollution
  • Residential Architecture
  • Health
  • Brain Waves

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معماری و شهرسازی آرمان شهر
دوره 15، شماره 39
شهریور 1401
صفحه 41-59

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سابقه مقاله

  • تاریخ دریافت: 23 آبان 1399
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 10 آبان 1400
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 18 دی 1400
  • تاریخ اولین انتشار: 31 شهریور 1401

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