بررسی ریخت‌شناسی حیاط مرکزی بناهای مسکونی بومی گرم و خشک، مورد مطالعه: شهر یزد

پیریایی, مهرانگیز; مفیدی شمیرانی, سید مجید; صابرنژاد, ژاله

doi:10.22034/aaud.2021.265165.2388

بررسی ریخت‌شناسی حیاط مرکزی بناهای مسکونی بومی گرم و خشک، مورد مطالعه: شهر یزد

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

¹ دانشجوی دکتری، گروه معماری و شهرسازی، واحد بروجرد، دانشگاه آزاد، بروجرد، ایران.

² استادیار گروه معماری، دانشکده معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه علم و صنعت، تهران، ایران (نویسنده مسئول).

³ استادیار گروه معماری، دانشکده هنر و معماری، واحد تهران مرکز، دانشگاه آزاد، تهران، ایران.

10.22034/aaud.2021.265165.2388

چکیده

حیاط به عنوان یکی از مهم‌‌ترین عناصر معماری بومی با رعایت اصل سازگاری با محیط، در اقلیم‌‌های مختلف، الگوهای کالبدی متفاوتی به خود گرفته است. این ویژگی‌‌ها و تفاوت‌‌ها می‌‌توانند به عنوان متغیرها و معیارهای تحلیل اقلیمی حیاط مرکزی خانه‌‌های بومی میان اقلیم‌‌ منطقه مورد مطالعه فرض شوند. تعیین معیارها با توجه به خصوصیات کالبدی مشترک در نمونه‌‌ها، میزان تاثیرپذیری از شرایط محیطی و سازماندهی فضایی انجام می‌‌شود. از این رو پژوهش حاضر با هدف بررسی کالبدی حیاط مرکزی و شناسایی عوامل تاثیرگذار اقلیم گرم وخشک، سعی در ارائه‌ی نگرشی نو در دستیابی به یک طراحی متداول برای ساکنین این اقلیم دارد. نوع پژوهش، بنیادی- کاربردی و روش آن توصیفی- تحلیلی است. حجم نمونه‌ها، با تمرکز بر نقش اقلیمی و محیطی حیاط و جداره‌‌های آن و انتخاب بیست نمونه از خانه‌‌های تاریخی شهر یزد که در پهنه اقلیمی منطقه گرم و خشک ایران BWhs می‌باشند، استفاده شده است. اطلاعات برداشت‌شده به صورت نمودارها و جداول به کمک نرم‌افزار SPSS مورد تحلیل قرار گرفته شد. نتایج این پژوهش نشان می‌دهد که مولفه‌های جهت‌گیری و کالبدی- اقلیمی، از اهمیت بالایی برخوردار بوده و می‌توان به عنوان عوامل مؤثر در طراحی خانه‌ها به کار برده شود. هم‌چنین بر اساس نتایج تحلیل‌ها، بهترین رابطه بین طول و عرض یک حیاط سه معادله خطی برای طراحی حیاط‌ها بر اساس نسبت‌های هندسی حاصل گردید. با در نظر گرفتن موارد حاصل از نتایج در طراحی، می‌توان تاثیرات قابل توجه معماری پایدار را حاصل نمود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Morphological Analysis of the Central Courtyard of Indigenous Residential Buildings in Hot-Arid Regions; Case Study: Yazd City

نویسندگان [English]

Mehrangiz Piriyaei ¹
Seyyed Majid Mofidi Shemirani ²
Jaleh Sabernejad ³

¹ Ph.D. Researcher, Department of Architecture and Urban Planning, Borujerd Branch, Islamic Azad University, Borujerd, Iran.

² Assistant Professor, Department of Architecture, School of Architecture and Environmental Design, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran (Corresponding Author).

³ Assistant Professor, Department of Architecture, Faculty of Art and Architecture, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.

چکیده [English]

The courtyard, as one of the most important elements of indigenous architecture, has taken various forms in different climates by observing the principles of environmental compatibility. These features and differences can be considered criteria for climatic analysis of the central courtyard inindigenous houses in different climatesof anarea. The criteria are determined according to the common physical features of the samples, the influence of environmental conditions, and spatial organization. Therefore, the present study aims tophysically study the central courtyard and identify the influential hot-arid climate factors to provide a new perspective to achieve a conventional design for the inhabitants of this climate. The present study is fundamental-applied descriptive-analytical research. Focusing on the climatic and environmental role of the courtyard and its walls, twenty historical houses in Yazd city, which is located in the hot-arid climate zone (BWhs) of Iran, are selected as samples. The collected data are analyzed and presented indiagrams and tables using SPSS software. The results indicate that orientation and physical-climatic components are of great importance and can be used as effective factors in designing houses. Moreover, the best relationship between the length and width of a courtyard was obtained with three linear equations for designingcourtyards based on geometric proportions. Considering the results of the design, the significant effects of sustainable architecture can be perceived.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

Central Courtyard
Indigenous Houses
Hot-Arid Climate
Yazd

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