تاثیر «فرهنگ از منظر راپاپورت» بر «تصویر ذهنی» و بررسی نقش این تاثیرگذاری بر شکل‌گیری محیط

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری تخصصی معماری، گروه معماری، واحد کرج، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، کرج، ایران.

2 دانشیار گروه معماری داخلی، دانشکده معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه هنر، تهران، ایران (نویسنده مسئول).

3 استادیار گروه معماری، واحد کرج، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، کرج، ایران.

4 استادیار گروه معماری داخلی، دانشکده معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه هنر، تهران، ایران.

10.22034/aaud.2023.294858.2508

چکیده

محیط‌‌های ساخته‌‌شده در هر منطقه‌‌ای، ویژگی‌‌های منحصربه‌‌فردی دارند که فرهنگ خاص آن منطقه را منعکس می‌‌کنند، چرا که محیط‌‌ها بر اساس قالب‌‌های ذهنی افراد شکل می‌‌گیرند و این قالب‌‌های ذهنی در ذهن افراد مطابق با فرهنگ آن‌ها ایجاد می‌‌شوند. تصویر ذهنی افراد بر پایه‌‌ی عوامل خاصی در طی زمان شکل گرفته که این تصویر ذهنی نقش به‌سزایی در خلق رابطه‌‌ی حسی و عاطفی و کنش و واکنش صحیح میان افراد و محل زندگی آن‌ها داشته است. لذا جهت بررسی ارتباط فرهنگ و معماری، لازم است تصاویر ذهنی افراد نیز که بر محیط ساخته‌‌شده تاثیر می‌‌گذارند، پژوهش و مؤلفه‌‌های فرهنگی و نحوه‌‌ی ارتباط آن‌ها با تصویر ذهنی بررسی شوند. بنابراین نوشتار حاضر از نوع تحقیقات بنیادی و از نظر ماهیت، کیفی است و به روش توصیفی- تحلیلی و با بهره‌‌گیری از مطالعات اسنادی و کتابخانه‌‌ای با هدف شکل‌‌گیری تصاویر ذهنی روشن در ذهن افراد بر اساس مؤلفه‌‌های فرهنگی مستخرج از منظر آموس راپاپورت، سعی دارد تا با پیوند دو مفهوم فرهنگ و تصویر ذهنی؛ تاثیرپذیری، ارتباط متقابل و نقش مهم آن‌ها را در محیط‌‌های ساخته‌‌شده نشان دهد. هم‌چنین پس از استخراج مؤلفه‌‌ها از منظر راپاپورت، برای هر کدام از مؤلفه‌‌ها با توجه به دسته‌‌بندی آن‌ها دو نمونه‌‌ی شاخص از معماری ایران انتخاب گردیده و در قالب جداول تحلیل شده‌‌اند. نتایج پژوهش نشان می‌‌دهد که فرهنگ از منظر راپاپورت نه تنها بر تصاویر ذهنی ایجاد‌شده بر ذهن افراد مؤثر است، بلکه نمونه‌‌های ارائه‌شده برای مؤلفه‌‌های فرهنگی نشان دادند که شیوه‌‌ی زندگی (روابط متقابل محیط- رفتار)، روابط اجتماعی (ناشی از فرهنگ و قالب‌‌های ذهنی)، آداب و رسوم (در نتیجه‌‌ی تکرار رفتارها) و عقاید و باورها (ایجاد‌شده با گذشت زمان) می‌‌توانند بخشی از عوامل کالبدی و ادراکی- روان‌‌شناختی تصاویر ذهنی باشند و افراد بر اساس این تصاویر ذهنی محیط خود را شکل ‌‌دهند. بنابراین تصاویر ذهنی شکل‌گرفته در ذهن افراد بر شکل‌‌گیری محیط‌‌ تاثیرگذار است.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

The Influence of "Culture from Rappaport's Viewpoint" on "Mental Image" and Examining the Role of this Influence on the Formation of the Environment

نویسندگان [English]

  • Pariya Shafipour Yourdshahi 1
  • Mostafa Kiani 2
  • Sara Hamzeloo 3
  • Manouchehr Moazemi 4
1 Ph.D. Candidate of Architecture, Department of Architecture, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran.
2 Associate Professor of Interior Architecture, Faculty of Architecture and Urban Planning, University of Art, Tehran, Iran (Corresponding Author).
3 Assistant Professor of Architecture, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran.
4 Assistant Professor of Interior Architecture, Faculty of Architecture and Urban Planning, University of Art, Tehran, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Built environments in any region have unique features reflecting the specific culture of that region because environments are formed based on people's mental patterns and these mental patterns are formed in people's minds according to their culture. People's mental images have been formed due to certain factors over time, and have played a significant role in creating sensory and emotional relationships and correct actions and reactions between people and their living environment. Therefore, studying the relationship between culture and architecture requires the investigation of people's mental images influencing the built environment, and the examination of cultural components and how they relate to the mental image. The present study is fundamental qualitative research carried out descriptively and analytically. Using documentary and library studies, the present study examines how clear mental images are formed in people's minds based on the cultural components extracted from Amos Rapaport's viewpoint to relate the two concepts of culture and mental image to show how they influence the built environment, what their important role is in the formation of built environments, and how the interaction between them and built environments is. Also, after extracting the components from Rappaport's viewpoint, for each of the components, according to their classification, two examples of Iranian architecture are selected and analyzed in the form of tables. The results show that culture from Rapaport's viewpoint influences the mental images created in people's minds. Moreover, the examples presented for cultural components indicate that lifestyle (environment-behavior interactions), social relations (caused by culture and mental patterns), customs (as a result of the repetition of behaviors), and opinions and beliefs (created over time) can be part of physical and perceptual-psychological factors of mental images and people form their environments based on these mental images. Therefore, the mental images formed in people's minds are effective in the formation of the environment.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Culture
  • Mental Image
  • Built Environment
  • Rapaport
  • Architecture
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