عناصر و شاخص‌های پیشنهادی طراحی منظر بزرگراه‌های شهری با رویکرد ارتقاء تاب‌آوری منظر

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 کارشناسی ارشد گروه مهندسی محیط زیست، دانشکده منابع طبیعی و محیط زیست، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران.

2 استادیار گروه مهندسی محیط زیست، دانشکده منابع طبیعی و محیط زیست، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران (نویسنده مسئول).

3 مربی گروه مهندسی محیط زیست، دانشکده منابع طبیعی و محیط زیست، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران.

10.22034/aaud.2022.304259.2547

چکیده

منظر بزرگراه‌های شهری از مهم‌ترین مولفه‌های سیما و منظر شهر هستند که ارتقاء پایداری و تاب‌آورسازی آن‌ها از اهمیت ویژه‌ای برخوردار است. بررسی عناصر و شاخص‌های طراحی منظر بزرگراه‌های شهری با رویکرد ارتقاء تاب‌آوری منظر، ابزار مفیدی جهت ارتقاء کیفیت زندگی شهری و پشتیبانی جهت پایدارسازی منظر شهری از لحاظ رویارویی در برابر تغییرات زیست‌محیطی حال و آینده‌ی آن به‌ حساب می‌آید. این در حالی است که با وجود پیشرفت‌های مهمی که در زمینه‌ی شناسایی شاخص‌های طراحی منظر بزرگراه‌ها، صورت گرفته، بررسی عناصر و شاخص‌های طراحی از نقطه‌نظر تاب‌آوری منظر، مغفول مانده است. از این ‌روی هم‌چنان نیاز به ارائه عناصر و شاخص‌هایی جهت طراحی منظر بزرگراهی در جهت ارتقاء تاب‌آورسازی منظر آن وجود دارد. لذا هدف از انجام این تحقیق در ابتدا بررسی اصول و ضوابط طراحی منظر بزرگراه و سپس تبیین عوامل موثر بر تاب‌آوری آن‌ها خواهد بود. در همین راستا به ‌منظور تدوین چارچوب نظریِ تحقیق، با استناد به منابع کتابخانه‌ای، مقالات و منابع اینترنتی، به گردآوری، تحلیل پایه‌ای متون و بازخوانی مطالعات و نظریات دانشمندان در این ارتباط، پرداخته شده است. سپس عناصر و شاخص‌های مرتبط با طراحی منظر بزرگراه‌های شهری با تمرکز بر بعد تاب‌آوری منظر، حوزه‌های علمی و تحقیقات مرتبط با موضوع، در دو سطح طبیعی و انسانی مورد بررسی و تحلیل محتوایی قرار خواهد گرفت. بر اساس یافته‌های تحقیق، طراحی منظر بزرگراه‌های شهری با رویکرد ارتقاء تاب‌آوری منظر با تمرکز بر ایجاد تنوع (زیستی) و پیچیدگی، اتصال و پیوستگی شبکه‌های اکولوژیک شهری، افزونگی، مدولاریته، چندعملکردی‌ کردن، انطباق‌پذیری، کیفیت بصری و زیبایی‌شناسی قابل دستیابی است و این عناصر با ارائه‌ی تعریف‌های مربوطه و مولفه‌های طراحی پیشنهاد می‌گردد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

A Study on Proposed Urban Highways Landscape Design Elements and Indicators with a Landscape Resilience Enhancement Approach

نویسندگان [English]

  • Ghazaal Karkhaneh 1
  • Nasim Sahraeinejad 2
  • Hossein Mousavi Fatemi 3
1 M.A. of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environmental Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
2 Assistant Professor of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environmental Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran (Corresponding Author).
3 Instructor of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environmental Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
چکیده [English]

The urban highways landscape is one of the most important components of the urban landscape, enhancement of sustainability and resilience of which is of great importance. Studying the urban highways landscape design elements and indicators with a landscape resilience enhancement approach is a useful tool to promote the quality of urban life and support making the landscape sustainable to cope with current and future environmental changes. Despite the important advancements made in the field of identification of highway landscape indicators, investigation of the designing elements and indicators from the landscape resilience point of view has been neglected. Therefore, the provision of elements and indicators for the highway landscape design is still required to enhance its resilience.  Thus, the present study aims to, first, investigate the principles and rules of highway landscape design, and then, explain the factors affecting its resilience. In this regard, to formulate the theoretical framework, relevant studies and theories were collected, and analyzed by library studies and reviewing library resources, internet resources, and articles. Then, the relevant elements and indicators to urban highways design were investigated at two human and natural levels, with a focus on the landscape resilience aspect through content analysis of relevant studies.  Findings indicate that designing urban highways landscape with a resilience enhancement approach can be designed with a focus on the creation of diversity (biodiversity) and complexity, connectivity, and interconnection of urban ecological networks, redundancy, modularity, multi-functionality, adaptability, visual quality, and aesthetics. These elements are proposed with the provision of the related definitions and design components.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Urban Landscape
  • Urban Highway Landscape
  • Resilient Landscape
  • Design Elements
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