تبیین فضامندی در بناهای قدسی ایران، نگرشی به محیط داخلی و بیرونی مساجد معاصر، مورد مطالعاتی: مسجدالرضا و مسجد الغدیر تهران

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده

استادیار گروه معماری، دانشکده هنر و معماری، دانشگاه علم و فرهنگ، تهران، ایران (نویسنده مسئول).

10.22034/aaud.2023.337109.2648

چکیده

هنر قدسی در قلب هنر سنتی پنهان است و به طور مستقیم با حقیقت و رمزپردازی الهی ارتباط دارد، ضمن آن‌که کالبد معماری قدسی را به ذات نهانی متصل می‌کند. از این رو هدف پژوهش تبیین فضامندی در مساجد دوران معاصر ایران به واسطه عناصر مادی ادراکات حسی در محیط است تا بتواند کیفیت محیط بیرونی مساجد این دوره را تبیین نماید. فرضیه مطرح در نیل به این هدف این است که میان فضامندی و ادراکات حسی رابطه‌ای مستقیم برقرار است و عناصر کالبدی در محیط بیرونی مساجد معاصر ایران موجب شکل‌گیری این فضامندی می‌شوند. پژوهش حاضر با استفاده از روش تحقیق کیفی، با رویکرد فلسفی و استدلال استقرایی و همچنین استفاده از شیوه گردآوری کتابخانه‌ای و میدانی به این نتیجه رسید که فضامندی در مسجد الغدیر و مسجدالرضا تهران بر اساس عناصر فیزیکی واقع در محیط بیرونی، نمادها، فرم و حضور انسان در این فضا، همسو و هم‌اندازه با مجسم نمودن امر مادی می‌باشد و متناسب با حرکت و پویایی در محیط همراه با ادراکات حسی ایجاد می‌شود. در مسجد الغدیر شهر تهران، زائر با فضایی محدود درگیر است و در هیچ لحظه از حرکت در فضا، تجربه‌ی نوینی از حرکت در فضا را حس نمی‌کند. در مسجدالرضا شهر تهران نیز محیط بیرونی این مسجد، به دلیل نوع فرم و مصالح به‌کار رفته، در جهت بهبود ادراکات حسی زائران از محیط بیرونی و سیر به عالم عرفان ساخته نشده است و از این رو برای زائر همچون مسجد الغدیر تهران، بازنمایی‌ای از محیط عرفانی را به همراه ندارد. بنابراین در مسجد الغدیر تهران و مسجدالرضا تهران، هندسه و حجم‌گرایی اهمیت بیش‌تری را نسبت به قبله در جهت سازماندهی فضایی محیط بیرونی دارند و لذا با حضور در این مساجد، مفهوم سرمدیت و ازلیت به زائران القاء نمی‌شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Explaining the spatiality in the sacred buildings of Iran, a view of the external and internal environment of contemporary mosques (case study of Reza and Al-Ghadir mosques in Tehran).

نویسنده [English]

  • Ali Mashhadi
Head of Architecture Department University of Science and Culture
چکیده [English]

Sacred art is hidden at the heart of traditional art and is directly related to divine truth and cryptography, while connecting the body of sacred architecture to the hidden essence. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to explain the spatiality in the mosques of contemporary Iran due to the material elements of sensory perceptions in the environment in order to be able to explain the quality of the external environment of the mosques of this period. The hypothesis for achieving this goal is that there is a direct relationship between spatiality and sensory perceptions, and physical elements in the external environment of contemporary Iranian mosques cause the formation of this spatiality. The present study, using a qualitative research method, with a philosophical approach and inductive reasoning, as well as using a library and field collection method, concluded that in Al-Ghadir Mosque in Tehran, the pilgrim is involved in a limited space and does not move in space at any time. Does not feel a new experience of moving in space. Now in Reza Mosque in Tehran, the outer environment of this mosque, due to the type of form and materials used, has not been made to improve the sensory perceptions of pilgrims from the outside environment and travel to the world of mysticism, and therefore for pilgrims such as Al-Ghadir Mosque in Tehran, It does not have a mystical environment. Therefore, in Al-Ghadir Mosque in Tehran and Al-Reza Mosque in Tehran, geometry and volumetricity are more important than the qibla in order to spatially organize the external environment, and therefore, by attending these mosques, the concept of eternity and eternity is not induced to pilgrims.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Spatiality
  • Holy building
  • Sensory perceptions
  • Al-Ghadir Mosque
  • Reza Mosque
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