معماری و شهرسازی آرمان شهر

معماری و شهرسازی آرمان شهر

تبیین اثر تجربه زیسته بر عملکرد قلمرویی ساکنین در قلمرو ثانویه افراد (از نگاه متخصصین)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان
1 دکترای معماری، دانشکده معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران (نویسنده مسئول).
2 استاد گروه معماری، دانشکده معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران.
3 دانشیار گروه علوم تربیتی، دانشکده علوم انسانی، دانشگاه شهید رجایی، تهران، ایران.
10.22034/aaud.2023.353521.2692
چکیده
«قلمرو» یکی ‌‌از ضروری‌‌ترین نیازهای «فطری» انسان در ‌‌غالب محیط‌‌های کالبدی به‌‌خصوص محیط‌‌های مسکونی به‌‌شمار می‌‌رود که توجه ‌‌به آن مقیاس انسانی محیط و درنتیجه کیفیت محیط‌های مصنوع ‌‌را ارتقا می‌‌دهد. پژوهش‌‌ها نشان می‌‌دهد که در موقعیت‌‌های یکسان، افراد برابر قلمروی ثانویه خود، به ‌‌شیوه‌‌های متفاوتی عمل می‌‌کنند. لذا مقاله حاضر به‌‌دنبال یافتن علت تمایز میان عملکرد قلمرویی ساکنینِ یک‌‌ محیط‌‌ مسکونی می‌‌باشد. با فرض آن‌که محتوای ‌‌ذهنی متأثر از تجربه زیسته انسان‌‌ها، عامل عملکرد ‌‌متفاوت افراد در‌‌ شرایط مشابه باشد، تمرکز این ‌‌مقاله بر ‌‌کشف شیوه‌‌‌ی اثرگذاری «تجربه ‌‌زیسته» افراد در ‌‌تشخیص قلمرو ‌‌ثانویه آن‌ها می‌‌باشد. در ‌‌همین‌‌ راستا با‌‌رویکردی اکتشافی از‌‌ روش‌‌ تحقیق «دلفی» بهره‌‌ برده و در قالب مصاحبه‌‌های باز،‌‌ 10‌‌ متخصص در ‌‌زمینه پژوهش ‌‌را با موضوع بیان دیدگاه خود در رابطه با قلمروی ثانویه مورد سوال قرار‌‌ داده و پس از دو نوبت کدگذاری باز و محوری، خروجی نهایی‌‌ در ‌‌قالب جدول «هدف-محتوا» ارائه‌‌ شد. سپس براساس جدول مذکور، پرسش‌نامه‌‌ای با‌‌ تعداد 185‌‌سوال طرح گردید و 21 ‌‌تن از ‌‌متخصصین این حوزه مورد‌‌ سوال قرار‌‌ گرفت. برای انتخاب متخصصین از ‌‌روش «گلوله‌‌برفی» تا ایجاد اشباع ‌‌نظری استفاده‌‌ گردید. پاسخ مصاحبه‌‌شوندگان با ‌‌استفاده‌‌ از نرم‌‌افزار SPSS و دستی، مورد‌‌ تحلیل قرار‌‌گرفت. سپس برای اطمینان ‌‌از صحت نتایج حاصله، پرسش‌نامه دوم‌‌ را بر‌‌اساس 56 سوال مشترک پاسخ‌‌دهندگان تهیه‌‌ کرده و مجدد همان جامعه آماری‌‌ مورد ‌‌سوال قرار‌‌ داده شد. نتیجه مشابه میان دو ‌‌مرحله، موکد صحت نتایج حاصله در‌‌ روند تحقیق بود. بدین‌‌ترتیب در ‌‌مواجهه افراد با ‌‌قلمرو ‌‌خویش و ارتباط عملکرد ‌‌قلمرویی آن‌ها با تجربه‌‌ زیسته خود، شش رویکرد اصلی تشخیص داده ‌‌شد که عبارتند‌‌ از: نقش مالکیت ‌‌بر هویت، نقش ادراک راحتی ‌‌بر کنترل محیط، نقش کنترل بیرونی ‌‌بر امنیت، نقش هویت‌‌ بر مالکیت، نقش ادراک ‌‌راحتی ‌‌بر ماندگاری در محیط، نقش کنترل درونی ‌‌بر امنیت.
کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله English

Explaining the Effects of Lived Experience on Residents’ Territorial Functioning in Peoples’ Secondary Territory from the View of Experts

نویسندگان English

Samaneh Hossein-Abadi 1
Shahram Purdeihimi 2
Bahram Saleh Sedghpour 3
1 Ph.D. in Architecture, Faculty of Architecture and Urban Development, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.
2 Professor of Architecture, Faculty of Architecture and Urban Development, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran (Corresponding Author).
3 Associate Professor of Educational Sciences, Faculty of Humanities, Shahid Rajaei University, Tehran, Iran.
چکیده English

“Territory” is one of the most essential human “intrinsic” needs in most physical environments, especially in residential environments, which can promote the human scale of the environment, and consequently, the quality of artificially made environments. Research has shown that under equal circumstances, people may behave differently in their secondary territories. For this, the present article aimed to understand what may distinguish residents’ territorial functioning in a residential environment. Assuming that humans’ mental content influenced by their lived experience may cause people to exhibit different performances under similar conditions, this article aimed to shed light on how peoples’ “lived experience” may influence the way they determine their secondary territory. In this connection, using an exploratory and a “Delphi” method, the study conducted open interviews by asking ten experts how they would think about secondary territories, presenting final outcomes in the form of a “Goal-Content” Table after performing two open and axial coding stages. Then, the table was used to devise a 15-item questionnaire that questioned 21 experts in this regard. The snowball method, used to select the experts, helped to create theoretical saturation. Responses given by the interviewees were analyzed manually using the SPSS software. Next, to ensure the results were valid, the second questionnaire, made of 56 items provided by respondents, was prepared, and the same statistical population was put under question. Similar results between the two stages underscored the validity of the results. Thus, concerning peoples’ exposure to their territory and their territorial functioning about to their lived experience led to six main approaches which were the role of ownership over identity, the role of perceived comfort over environmental control, the role of external control over security, the role of identity over ownership, the role of perceived comfort in permanence in the environment, and the role of internal control over security.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Territorial Functioning
Secondary Territory
Cognition
Lived Experience
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دوره 17، شماره 48
پاییز 1403
صفحه 15-34

  • تاریخ دریافت 04 مرداد 1401
  • تاریخ بازنگری 04 دی 1401
  • تاریخ پذیرش 08 دی 1401