معماری و شهرسازی آرمان شهر

معماری و شهرسازی آرمان شهر

تحلیل پیوستگی فضایی در مساجد تاریخی به کمک نظریه چیدمان فضا، مورد مطالعاتی: مساجد تاریخی بروجرد

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان
1 دانشیار گروه معماری، دانشکده معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه هنر اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران (نویسنده مسئول).
2 دانشجوی دکتری معماری، دانشکده معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه هنر اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران.
چکیده
مساجد از دیرباز به عنوان عنصر اصلی جامعه ایرانی اسلامی مطرح بوده است. در سازمان فضایی مساجد اصول فضایی گوناگونی به‌کار رفته که یکی از اصول مهم، اصل پیوستگی فضایی می‌باشد. این پژوهش تلاش دارد تا پیوستگی فضایی در مساجد تاریخی بروجرد را مورد بررسی قرار دهد. روش انجام پژوهش توصیفی- تحلیلی با بهره‌‌گیری از استدلال منطقی می‌‌باشد. ابزار پژوهش حاضر به کمک مطالعات کتابخانه‌ای و اسنادی، برداشت میدانی و تحلیل به کمک نرم‌افزار چیدمان فضا است. پژوهش حاضر ابتدا با بهره‌‌گیری از منابع کتابخانه‌ای و اسنادی دست اول مفاهیم پایه پژوهش که شامل پیوستگی فضایی و گونه‌‌های آن (پیوستگی ساختاری، پیوستگی بصری و پیوستگی ساختاری- بصری) و نظریه چیدمان فضا و مولفه‌‌های آن (هم‌‌پیوندی، اتصال، انتخاب و عمق فضایی) را تعریف کرده سپس در گام بعدی ارتباط میان پیوستگی فضایی و نظریه چیدمان فضا و مولفه‌‌های آن مشخص می‌‌کند. در گام بعدی پژوهش، مساجد انتخابی که به شیوه میدانی انتخاب شده‌‌اند، برای بررسی پیوستگی فضایی به کمک نرم‌افزار Space Syntax مورد سنجش و ارزیابی قرار می‌‌گیرند تا پیوستگی فضایی در مساجد مشخص شود. نتایج پژوهش نشان می‌‌دهد که مهم‌‌ترین عنصر فضایی در ایجاد پیوستگی فضایی در مجموعه فضایی مساجد حیاط آن‌ها می‌‌باشد و همچنین گونه‌‌های پیوستگی فضایی و شیوه‌‌های مرتبط با هر یک، در مساجد تاریخی بروجرد به صورت کامل به‌کار نرفته است. به این صورت که پیوستگی ساختاری (تداوم فضا) و شیوه‌‌های آن فقط در مسجد امام بروجرد به کار رفته و پیوستگی بصری (شفافیت) و شیوه‌‌های آن در مساجد امام و جامع کاربرد دارند. پیوستگی ساختاری-بصری به‌ندرت در مساجد امام و جامع به‌کار رفته است. در ارتباط با سنجش پیوستگی فضایی به وسیله مولفه‌‌های چیدمان فضا نیز می‌‌توان گفت بیش‌ترین مقدار هم‌‌پیوندی، اتصال و انتخاب در مسجد امام وجود دارد و نیز بیش‌ترین مقدار عمق فضایی متعلق به مسجد قلعه می‌‌باشد.
کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله English

Analysis of Spatial Continuity in Historical Mosques based on the Space Syntax Theory; Case Study: Historical Mosques in Borujerd

نویسندگان English

Mohsen Afshary 1
Farhad Chegeni 2
1 Associate Professor of Architecture Department, Faculty of Architecture and Urban Development, Art University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran (Corresponding Author).
2 Ph.D. Student of Architecture, Faculty of Architecture and Urban Development, Art University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran.
چکیده English

Mosques have been one of the main elements in the Islamic Iranian community. Various spatial principles have been used in mosques' spatial configuration, among which, spatial continuity is one of the substantial principles. This study investigates the spatial continuity in the historical mosques of Borujerd. The research method is descriptive-analytical by using logical reasoning. The research tool includes library and documentary studies, field observation, and analysis through space syntax software. This study first defines the study's basic concepts, including spatial continuity and its various types (structural continuity, visual continuity, and structural-visual continuity) and space syntax theory and its components (integration, connectivity, choice, and spatial depth) using library and documentary resources. And then determines the relationship between spatial continuity and space syntax theory and its components in the next phase. In the next step, the selected mosques are chosen through field technique and are evaluated and assessed in terms of spatial continuity through space syntax software to find the spatial continuity in the mosques. The study results indicate that mosques' courtyard is the most spatial element that creates spatial continuity in their spatial collection. Moreover, types of spatial continuity and their relevant methods are not completely used in historical mosques of Borujerd, so structural continuity (space continuity) and its techniques are just utilized in Emema Mosque in Borujerd, and visual continuity (transparency) and its techniques are applicable in Mosque and Jame Mosques. Structural-visual continuity is rarely used in Imam and Jame Mosques. It can be stated in terms of spatial continuity assessment through space syntax components that the highest integration, connectivity, and choice rates exist in the Emam Mosque, and the maximum spatial depth belongs to the Qaleh Mosque.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Mosque
Spatial Continuity
Space Syntax
Borujerd
Ardalan, Nader. 1973. The sence of unity: the sufi tradition in persian archirecture.
Ascher Branstone, Deborah. 2003. Transparency: A Brief Introduction. Journal of Architectural Education.
Bahrainy, Seyyed Hossein, and Soudeh Taghabon. 2011. Testing the application of Space Syntax method in the design of traditional urban spaces. Journal of Fine Arts: Architecture & Urban Planning 3(4): 5-18. https://jfaup.ut.ac.ir/article_29673.html?lang=en. [in Persian]
Bemanian, Mohamad-Reza, Matin Jelvani, and Samira Arjmandi. 2016. “Spatial Configuration and the Islamic Philosophy in Isfahan Madrassah-Mosques (Case studies: Aqanur, Sheykh-Lotf Allah and Imam Mosques).” Journal of Iranian Architecture Studies 5(9): 141-157.. https://jias.kashanu.ac.ir/article_111763.html. [in Persian]
Bonyani, Fatemeh, Kazem Memar Zia, Amin Habibi, and Kaveh Fatahi. 2018. “Spatial continuity in the transition from open space to closed.” Journal of Architectural Thought 2(4): 63-76. Doi: 10.30479/at.2018.1539. [in Persian]
Chegeni, Farhad, Mohammad Didehban, and Pedram Hessari. 2021. “Space configuration cognation in contemporary and traditional housing using space syntax technique (case study: Borujerd Sufian Neighborhood).” Journal of Architectural Thought 5(9): 166-183. doi: 10.30479/at.2020.13095.1490. [in Persian]
Dorri, Ali, and Gholamreza Talischi. 2017. Explaining the Transparency of the Spatial Structure of Iranian Architecture in the Safavid era (Case Study: Hasht Behesht pavilion and Imam Mosque in Isfahan). Journal of Studies an Iranian Islamic City 7(27): 41-50. https://sid.ir/paper/177421/en. [in Persian]
Emad, Fatemeh, Khosro Movahed, Malihe Taghipour, and Ali Akbar Heidari. 2021. Recognition of the Principles of Spatial Hierarchy in Traditional Mosques of Iran and its Analysis by Space Syntax Method (Case study: Mosques of Shiraz). Islamic Art 17(40): 250-267. https://sid.ir/paper/1052486. [in Persian]
Falahat, Mohammad Sadegh, and Samad Shahidi. 2015. “The Role of Mass-Space Concept in Explaining the Architectural Place.” The Monthly Scientific Journal of Bagh-e Nazar 12(35): 27-38.  [in Persian]
Falakian, Narjes, Hossein Safari, and Ali Kazemi. 2021. “Morphology of Meaning-Oriented Architecture Using Space Syntax Method Case Study: Ali Mosque of Isfahan.” The Monthly Scientific Journal of Bagh-e Nazar 18(96): 29-44. doi: 10.22034/bagh.2020.231213.4551. [in Persian]
Golestani, Saeid, Esa Hojat, and Mehdi Saedvandi. 2017. A Survey on Spatial Integration and its Evolutionary Progress in Iranian Ancient Mosques. HONAR-HA-YE-ZIBA 22(4): 29-44. https://sid.ir/paper/154424/. [in Persian]
Golestani, Saeid. 2017. Development of space in Iranian Architecture A study on evolutionary progress of spatial organization of Iranian Mosques. Phd thesis, Art University of Isfahan, Faculty of Urban and Architecture, Department of Architecture. [in Persian]
Hamedani Golshan, Hamed, Ghassem Motallebi, and Mostafa Behzadfar. 2020. “The relationship between spatial configuration and social interaction in Tehran residential environments: Bridging the gap between space syntax and behaviour settings theories.” Soffeh 30(1): 59-76. doi: 10.29252/soffeh.30.1.59. [in Persian]
Heidari, Ali Akbar, Yaghoob Peyvastehgar, and Maryam Kiaee. 2017. The Role of the Yard in the Spatial Configuration of Mosques in Order to Improve Operational Efficiency Using Spatial Layout. HONAR-HA-YE-ZIBA 22(3): 91-104. https://sid.ir/paper/154370/. [in Persian]
Hessari, Pedram, Mahdi Zandieh, and Farhad Chegeni. 2021. “Evaluation of Effective Physical-Spatial Patterns in Creation of the Vernacular Housing Texture of Sufian Neighborhood in Boroujerd, Iran.” Bagh-e Nazar 18(102). doi: 10.22034/bagh.2021.269404.4779. [in Persian]
Hessari, Pedram, and Farhad Chegeni. 2021. The impact of environmental construction on the spatial configuration of traditional Iranian housing (case study: comparison of Dezful and Boroujerd traditional housing). Journal of Architecture and Urbanism 45(1): 50-59
Hillier, Bill. 2007. Space Is The Machine. Electronic Edition. Press Syndicate of The University of Cambrige: Cambige.
Hillier, Bill, Julienne Hanson, and John Peponis. 1984. ”What do we mean by building function?.” E & FN Spon Ltd.
Hojat, Isa, Saeid Golestani, and Mehdi Saedvandi. 2015. “The addition of dome chamber to Iranian mosques, the story of joining and separating of space.” Journal of Fine Arts: Architecture & Urban Planning 20(3): 21-30. doi: 10.22059/jfaup.2015.56875. [in Persian]
Jo, Jun H., and S. Gero John. 1998. “Space layout planning using an evolutionary approach.” Artificial intelligence in Engineering 12(3): 149-162.
Kunnawar, Sunaina. 2010. Transparency in Architecture. Smt. M.M. College of Architecture.
Mahdinejad, jamal, Hamidreza Azemati, and Ali Sadeghi Habib Abad. 2020, “Investigating the Structure of Traditional, Contemporary and Post-Islamic Revolution Mosques via the Method of Space Syntax (Case Study: Jameh Mosque of Isfahan, University of Tehran Mosque, Al-Ghadir Mosque, Shahrak-e Gharb Mosque).” Journal of Conservation and Architecture in Iran 10(22): 15-36. http://mmi.aui.ac.ir/article-1-747-fa.html. [in Persian]
Mahvash, Mohammad, and Reza Moradpour. 2017, “Investigating Physical Image of an Ideal Mosque in the Subjective Assumptions of Society, Case Study: Bojnord City, North Khorasan Province.” Armanshahr Architecture & Urban Development 9(17): 139-149. https://sid.ir/paper/202367/.  [in Persian]
Mirsalami, Mahsa, Ali Omranipour, and Shooka Khoshbakht Bahramani. 2021, “Study of spatial-social relations in the pattern of Four-Iwan Mosques in Iran (Case study: Isfahan, Ardestan, Qazvin and Zavareh Grand mosques).” Journal of Architectural Thought 5(9): 19-39.doi: 10.30479/at.2020.12166.1386. [in Persian]
Moradi, Mahdi, Taher Parizadi, and Morteza Moradi. 2018. City Development Requirements, Case Study: Boroujerd. Armanshahr (23): 319-332. SID. https://sid.ir/paper/202355/ . [in Persian]
Molazadeh, Abbas, Vahid Baranipesian, and Mohammad Khosrowzadeh. 2013. The application of spatial layout in Waliasr Street of Basht Shahr. Urban Management (29): 81-90. [in Persian]
Nemati, Mohammad, and Alireza Shahlaei. 2015. ANALYTIC STUDY OF MOSQUES ARCHITECTURE IN “SHABISTANI” AND “FOURIWAN” PATTERNS (CASE STUDY: THE GREAT MOSQUE OF ISFAHAN). Hoviateshahr 9(22): 75-86. https://sid.ir/paper/154483/. [in Persian]
Nizardin, Diyana Norhanis. 2014. Changing Urban Mosques in the City: The Role of Communal and Intercultural Spaces in Malaysia. Proceeding of the International Conference on Masjid, Zakat and Waqf.
Ostwald, Michael. 2011. A Justified Plan Graph Analysis of The Early Houses(1975-1985) of Glem Murcutt. Nexus etwork Journal 13(3): 737-762.
Saremi, Hamidreza, Sahar Khodabakhshi, and Matin Khalaghdost. 2015. A comparative study of traditional and contemporary orientation in the mosques yard. Iranian Islamic City (24): 65-84. [in Persian]
Soltanifard, Hadi, and Zohreh Sadat Seyedmoradi. 2016, “Transformation of the Grand Mosque position in the Islamic city spatial configuration-Case study: the Grand Mosque of Sabzevar City.” Iran University of Science & Technology 4(2): 107-123. https://sid.ir/paper/357461/. [in Persian]
Soleymanzadeh, Sajad, Farah Habib, and Iraj Etessam. 2019. Conceptual Model for Evaluation of Architectural Space Indicators Based on the Comparison of Western and Iranian-Islamic Viewpoints. Journal of Researches in Islamic Architecture 7(2(23)): 143-163. http://jria.iust.ac.ir/article-1-1170-fa.html. [in Persian]
Tabibian, Manuchehr, Nasibeh Charbgoo, and Ensieh Abdolahimehr. 2012. The Principle of Hierarchy Reflection in Islamic Iranian Cities. Armanshahr 4(7): 63-76. https://sid.ir/paper/202430. [in Persian]
Varmaghani, Hosna. 2021. An Analytical Approach to the Invitation quality of Contemporary Mosques (Case Study: Mosques of Tehran). JRIA 9(1): 123-143. http://jria.iust.ac.ir/article-1-881-fa.html. [in Persian]
Volchenkov, David, and Phck Blanchard. 2007. City Space Syntax as a Complex Network. Available on: www.academia.edu.
دوره 17، شماره 46
بهار 1403
صفحه 23-37

  • تاریخ دریافت 09 مهر 1401
  • تاریخ بازنگری 03 خرداد 1402
  • تاریخ پذیرش 21 خرداد 1402