تقارن نامتقارن: چارچوب تحلیلی برای ریاضیات پنهان در خانه‌های ارزشمند قاجار اصفهان با رویکرد بوم‌شناسی بصری

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 پژوهشگر فرادکتری گروه معماری، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران.

2 استاد گروه معماری، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران.

3 استادیار گروه معماری، دانشگاه پورتو، پورتو، پرتغال.

4 دانشیار گروه معماری، محیط و ساختمان، دانشگاه پلی‌تکنیک میلان، میلان، ایتالیا.

10.22034/aaud.2023.340811.2662

چکیده

هندسه به‌عنوان یکی از ویژگی‌های کالبدی معماری است و از میان راهبردهای هندسی، الگوی انتظام‌دهنده تقارن در آن جایگاهی ویژه دارد. تقارن بدون درنظر داشتن مفاهیمی چون تعادل، توازن، ریتم و تناسب به معنای کامل خود نمی‌رسد. این پژوهش سعی دارد اصل تقارن را در فرآیند ادراک خانه‌های قاجاری در اصفهان بررسی و تحلیل کند. مجموعه‌ای که اگرچه در نگاه اول دارای تقارن بصری است ولی در چشم‌انداز خود یک مجموعه‌ی نامتقارن محسوب می‌گردد. در این پژوهش تقارن به‌عنوان یک ارزش تکاملی در هندسه‌ی معماری خانه ایرانی به روش توصیفی- تحلیلی و با تکنیک بوم‌شناسی بصری مورد تحلیل قرار گرفته و دلایل عدول از این ارزش در محور و فرم ارزیابی می‌گردد. یافته‌های پژوهش حکایت از آن دارد که تقارن از قدیمی‌ترین انتظام‌های فضایی و شکلی شناخته‌شده در فضاهای عمومی معماری ایرانی- اسلامی است تا بتواند کثرت را به وحدت در مرکز فضا گره بزند؛ لیکن تنوع در ابعاد و گوناگونی فضاهای مسکونی و شکل زمین، باعث گردیده است که تقارن کلی در طراحی فضا میسر نگردد و طراح، تقارن را در اجزای نما رعایت نماید. با این وجود توجه به مرکز فضا با خلق حیاط مرکزی و قرارگیری منطقی فضاها در پلان و همچنین استفاده از پیمون و عناصر مشابه به منظور مناسب‌سازی با دستگاه بینایی، باعث گردیده تا تصویری چشم‌نواز، منسجم و به ظاهر متقارن در ذهن ناظر شکل بگیرد. نتایج بیان‌کننده آن است که اگرچه شکل زمین در معماری خانه‌های ایرانی، شکل‌گیری معماری متقارن را دشوار و پیچیده می‌سازد، لیکن طراح بنا با ایجاد فضای هندسی در میان (حیاط مرکزی) و کیفیت خوانایی به‌واسطه جانمایی و ارتباطات مناسب فضایی، توانسته است رابطه‌ای جدید از تعادل پایدار در لایه‌های پنهان ایجاد نموده به نحوی که مخاطب را در کنشی فعال با مفاهیم درونی اثر درگیر و او را به جزیی از این فرآیند ادراکی بدل ‌سازد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Asymmetric Symmetry: Reinterpretation of Hidden Dimensions of Persian Geometry in Qajar Houses of Isfahan

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mohammad Latifi 1
  • Mohammadjavad Mahdavinejad 2
  • Clara Pimenta do Vale 3
  • Giuliana Iannaccone 4
1 Postdoctoral Researcher of Department of Architecture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
2 Professor of Department of Architecture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
3 Assistant Professor of Department of Architecture, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
4 Associate Professor of Department of Architecture, Built Environment and Construction Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy.
چکیده [English]

Aims: Geometry is one of the physical characteristics of architecture and among geometric strategies, the symmetry-adjusting model has a special place in it. Symmetry does not reach its full meaning regardless of concepts such as balance, harmony, rhythm and proportion. This Research tries to analyze the principle of symmetry and balance in the process of perception of Qajar houses as one of the most important architectural and urban design in Isfahan. A collection that, although visual symmetry at first glance, is considered an asymmetric set in its landscape.
Methods: Symmetry as an evolutionary value in the geometry of Persian houses architecture is investigated by descriptive-analytical method and videoecology technique and the reasons for devolving from this value in axis and form are evaluated.
Finding: Symmetry is one of the oldest known spatial and form policies in the public spaces of Persian- Islamic architecture in order to tie plurality to unity in the center of space and attract the attention of the observer to the center of the complex, but, the diversity in the dimensions and diversity of residential spaces and the shape of the land has made it impossible for the overall symmetry in the design of the space and the designer observes the symmetry in the facade components.
Conclusion: The results show that although the shape of the land in the architecture of Persian houses makes the formation of symmetrical architecture difficult and complicated, However, by creating a geometric space among the (central courtyard) and the quality of readability through appropriate spatial location and communication, the designer has been able to create a new relationship of stable balance in hidden layers in a way that engages the audience in active action with the inner concepts of the work and makes him a part of this perceptual process.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Asymmetric symmetry
  • Organizer Pattern
  • Stable Balance
  • Videoecology
  • Highperformance Architecture
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